RADAR-AD: assessment of multiple remote monitoring technologies for early detection of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions worldwide, leading to cognitive and functional decline. Early detection and intervention are crucial for enhancing the quality of life of patients and their families. Remote Monitoring Technologies (RMTs) offer a promising solution for early detection by tracking changes in behavioral and cognitive functions, such as memory, language, and problem-solving skills.

Practice Advisory for Postoperative Pain Management of Thoracic Surgical Patients: Executive Summary: A Report by Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists.

Patients after thoracic surgery experience significant pain that can disrupt normal respiratory mechanics, increase the risk of respiratory complications, and impair recovery. Poorly controlled postoperative pain can develop into persistent postoperative pain. In addition, using opioids for pain control in the thoracic surgical population makes them more susceptible to opioid-related side effects due to their pre-existing comorbidities.

Treatment with a superoxide dismutase mimetic for joint preservation during 35 and 75 days in orbit aboard the international space station, and after 120 days recovery on Earth.

Reduced weight-bearing during spaceflight has been associated with musculoskeletal degradation that risks astronaut health and performance in transit and upon reaching deep space destinations. Previous rodent experiments aboard the international space station (ISS) have identified that the spaceflight-induced molecular arthritic phenotype was characterized with an increase in oxidative stress. This study evaluated if treatment with a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic on orbit could prevent spaceflight-induced damage to the knee and hip articular cartilage, and the menisci in rodents.

Optimizing autonomous artificial intelligence diagnostics for neuro-ocular health in space missions.

Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS) presents a critical risk in long-duration missions, with microgravity-induced changes that threaten astronaut vision and mission outcomes. Current SANS monitoring, limited to pre- and post-flight exams, lacks in-flight diagnostics, highlighting an urgent need for autonomous tools capable of real-time assessment. Grok, an AI platform by xAI, offers promising potential as an advanced diagnostic tool for space-based health monitoring.

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in individuals with a history of eating disorders.

Background: OCD symptoms are well documented in anorexia nervosa (AN) and to a lesser extent in bulimia nervosa (BN), yet remain virtually unstudied in binge-eating disorder (BED).

Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, 5927 participants with lifetime eating disorders (EDs) (i.e.

Lobectomy verses Sublobar Resection in The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database: Importance of Patient Factors and Lymph Node Evaluation.

Background: Prospective randomized trials have demonstrated noninferior survival between sublobar resection and lobectomy in healthy non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with tumors ≤2cm. However, some patient attributes are not well represented in randomized trials and uncertainty remains in the widespread applicability of randomized trial nodal dissection protocols.

Methods: Patients with ≤2cm, node-negative NSCLC (cT1N0) in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons prospective database were linked to Medicare survival data using a probabilistic matching algorithm.

Diffusion-weighted arterial spin labeling MRI to investigate mannitol-induced blood brain barrier disruption.

Purpose: Diffusion-weighted arterial spin labeling (DW-ASL) MRI has been proposed to determine the rate of water exchange (K) across the blood brain barrier (BBB). This study aims to further evaluate K MRI by comparing it with standard dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI and histology in association with mannitol-induced disruption of the BBB.

Methods: DW-ASL was measured using a multiple b-value MRI protocol in normal rats at three post-labeling delays (N = 19), before and after intra-carotid injection of mannitol to disrupt BBB in one hemisphere (N = 13).

Different forms of stigma and rural primary care professionals' willingness to prescribe buprenorphine.

Introduction: Buprenorphine and other medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are highly effective but substantially under prescribed in the rural United States. Among the most cited barriers to buprenorphine prescribing is stigma, yet little progress has been made in developing successful strategies to reduce stigma and increase access to life-saving medication. One of the key challenges to developing successful implementation strategies is understanding the different types of stigma that limit implementation.

Future directions in the evaluation and management of newly diagnosed metastatic cancer.

There is a much debate regarding optimal selection in patients with metastatic cancer who should undergo local treatment (surgery or radiation treatment) to the primary tumor and/or metastases. Additionally, the optimal treatment of newly diagnosed metastatic cancer is largely unclear. Current prognostication systems to best inform these clinical scenarios are limited, as all metastatic patients are grouped together as having Stage IV disease without further incorporation of patient and disease-specific covariates that significantly impact patient outcomes.

Concentration dependent effects of human Cometin on spiral ganglion neuron survival and neurite outgrowth.

Introduction: Neurotrophic factors are widely known for their protective effect on spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) and the protection of these neurons is of great importance to optimize Cochlear Implants, which directly stimulate SGN in deaf patients. Previous studies have identified Cometin - also known as Meteroin-like - to be neuroprotective and beneficial for metabolic disorders. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of recombinant human Cometin (hCometin) on SGN in regard to neuroprotection and neurite outgrowth and to evaluate its neurite guidance potential using a neurite outgrowth chamber.

Female agency and probable depression in the perinatal period and beyond: Longitudinal findings from rural Pakistan.

In Pakistan, a setting with high gender inequality, the relationship between female agency and mental health has not been studied longitudinally or beyond a defined life stage like pregnancy. Using data from the Bachpan cohort of mother-infant dyads in Pakistan, we investigated female agency and depression at two life stages: perinatal (third trimester to 6-months postpartum; n = 1154) and beyond (3- to 4-years postpartum). Modified Poisson models estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) for probable depression (PHQ-9) associated with female agency (freedom of movement and participation in household decision-making) at the two life stages.

Mitigating dithiothreitol interference to gold/thiol interface in electrochemical detection of cathepsin B activity toward multiplex protease analysis.

Proteases are overexpressed at various stages of conditions such as cancers and thus can serve as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Electrochemical techniques to detect the activity of extracellular proteases have gained attraction due to their multiplexing capability. Here we employ an electrochemical approach based on a 3 × 3 gold (Au) microelectrode array (MEA) functionalized with (2-aminoethyl)ferrocene (AEF) tagged specific peptide substrates to monitor cathepsin B (CB) protease activity.

Acceleration of bone healing by a growth factor-releasing allo-hybrid graft.

Introduction: Human amniotic membrane (hAM) has a highly biocompatible natural scaffold that is abundant in several extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including but not limited to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). In our study, we have focused on a mixture of hAM and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) as an allo-hybrid graft to deliver it into the site of bone defect to decrease bone remodeling time.

Methods: Allo-hybrid grafts were prepared by coating the jelly made of decellularized and lyophilized hAM (AMJ) on the surface of DBM and subsequently underwent in vitro studies, such as alkaline phosphatase activity, MTT assay, and SEM analysis.

Empowerment through knowledge: Qualitative perceptions of 'undetectable equals Untransmittable' among people living with HIV and tuberculosis in South Africa.

Introduction: Undetectable equals untransmittable (U=U) is an education campaign promoting science that people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who maintain an undetectable viral load cannot transmit HIV to others. Researchers theorize that undetectable equals untransmittable messaging will decrease HIV stigma by reducing fears of HIV transmission and providing evidence to dismantle discriminatory policies. However, little is known about how people with HIV in South Africa interpret the results of their viral load tests, undetectable equals untransmittable messaging, or its impact on stigma.

Deployment and transcriptional evaluation of nitisinone, an FDA-approved drug, to control bed bugs.

Background: Bed bugs are blood-feeders that rapidly proliferate into large indoor infestations. Their bites can cause allergies, secondary infections and psychological stress, among other problems. Although several tactics for their management have been used, bed bugs continue to spread worldwide wherever humans reside.

A simple algorithm to derive virtual non-contrast electron density from dual-energy computed tomography data for radiotherapy treatment planning.

Background: The use of iodinated contrast-enhancing agents in computed tomography (CT) improves the visualization of relevant structures for radiotherapy treatment planning (RTP). However, it can lead to dose calculation errors by incorrectly converting a CT number to electron density.

Purpose: This study aimed to propose an algorithm for deriving virtual non-contrast (VNC) electron density from dual-energy CT (DECT) data.

Dynamic structural characteristics and vibration susceptibility of Tongren loess under the influence of water content and confining pressure.

Loess is extensively developed on both sides of the Longwu River, a tributary of the Yellow River, Tongren County, Qinghai Province. The engineering geological characteristics are complex, and landslide disasters are highly developed. Based on field geological surveys and physical property analysis of the loess in this area, this study analyzes the influence of water content, consolidation pressure, and soil disturbance on the dynamic characteristics of loess using GDS dynamic triaxial tests.

Dose verification of 2 targets simultaneously for single-isocenter stereotactic radiation therapy and radiosurgery plans.

Most of conventional 2-dimensional (2D) methods verify dose of multiple targets separately one-by-one for Single-isocenter Multiple-target (SIMT) brain plans, which are inefficient and sub-optimal. This study presented a practical method to verify the dose of 2 targets simultaneously for improved efficiency and accuracy. Fifteen Stereotactic Radiation Therapy (SRT) and sixteen Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) plans were used for this study.

Thoracolumbar spine muscle size and composition changes in long-duration space missions.

Muscle atrophy occurs with extended exposure to microgravity. This study quantified the overall muscle size, lean muscle area and fat infiltration changes pre- to post-flight that occur in the thoracic and lumbar spine with long-duration spaceflight. Pre- and post-flight magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained from 9 crewmembers on long-duration (≥6 months) International Space Station (ISS) missions.

Perceived organizational support for the treatment of opioid use disorder and its association with primary care provider treatment willingness and medication prescribing.

Introduction: Buprenorphine is a highly effective medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD; OUD), which can be prescribed alongside naloxone in the primary care setting as part of a harm reduction approach to OUD. Despite this potential, implementation challenges have limited adoption of MOUD. To address barriers at the organizational level, we need better tools to measure perceived organizational support for the treatment of OUD and use of MOUD in the primary care setting.

Cytoplasmic expression of trans-active response DNA-binding protein-43 in aged mice display hippocampal sclerosis-like degeneration and neuronal loss with reduced lifespan.

Trans-active response DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is the major pathological protein in motor neuron disease and TDP-43 pathology has been described in the brains of up to 50% of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS-A), an age-related neuropathology characterized by severe neuronal loss and gliosis in CA1 and/or subiculum, is found in ∼80% of cases that are positive for phosphorylated TDP-43. HS-A is seen as a co-pathology in cases with AD, limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic changes (LATE-NC), and frontotemporal degeneration.

Porous carbon nanosheets integrated with graphene-wrapped CoO and CoNx as efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable zinc-air batteries.

The development of advanced bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER) is crucial for the practical application of zinc-air batteries (ZABs). Herein, porous carbon nanosheets integrated with abundant graphene-wrapped CoO and CoNx (CoO/CoNx-C) were successfully fabricated through a simple one-step pyrolysis. With convenient porous channel and large accessible surface, abundant CoO/CoNx species and graphene wrapping structure, CoO/CoNx-C exhibited a half-wave potential of 0.

Blood-based epigenome-wide association study and prediction of alcohol consumption.

Alcohol consumption is an important risk factor for multiple diseases. It is typically assessed via self-report, which is open to measurement error through recall bias. Instead, molecular data such as blood-based DNA methylation (DNAm) could be used to derive a more objective measure of alcohol consumption by incorporating information from cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites known to be linked to the trait.