Dementia Care Practice.

Background: Hospitalized older adults, especially those with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (PwD), are at high risk for delirium and distressing behaviors. Using physical restraints leads to functional decline and increased mortality. Our project aims to reduce restraint use by implementing a 4Ms approach for enhanced delirium management.

Dementia Care Practice.

Introduction: Among persons living with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (PwD), ∼25% are hospitalized yearly, during which >95% of their time is spent in bed, leading to functional decline for 50% of hospitalized PwD. Hospital-based exercise interventions are a proposed strategy to mitigate this risk of hospital-associated functional decline. However, the applicability of hospital-based exercise intervention trials for PwD is poorly understood.

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: We currently lack in the dementia field accurate, noninvasive, quick, and affordable screening tools for brain dysfunctions associated with early subtle risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Our Kentucky aging cohort demonstrates that asymptomatic older individuals with MCI-like frontal memory-related brainwave patterns convert to MCI within a short 5-year period, as opposed to individuals with NC-like patterns (1) that remain normal 10 years later (2). Astrocyte reactivity influences amyloid-ß effects on tau pathology in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (3).

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: Cardiometabolic diseases and mental health disorders, which are high-risk factors for dementia and cognitive decline, are associated with higher mortality and morbidity with age. Interventions before age 60 may lessen the burden of cognitive and physical function in later life. Telehealth offers early intervention and solutions for their complex demands in continuous behavior monitoring and medication refilling.

Comparison of Associations of Food Security Instruments and Mediators With Premature All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Death in US Adults.

Background: Food insecurity is associated with high morbidity and mortality and is typically measured with the 10-item US Adult Food Security Survey Module. Shorter instruments may capture similar information, but this has not been validated against mortality in general populations.

Methods: A nationally representative sample of individuals aged 20 to 74 years from the US National Health Interview Survey 2011 to 2018 was included, with deaths linked to the National Death Index through 2019.

Performance of the High-STEACS Early Rule Out Pathway Using hs-cTnT at 30 Days in a Multisite US Cohort.

Background: The High-STEACS (High-Sensitivity Troponin in the Evaluation of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome) pathway risk stratifies emergency department patients with possible acute coronary syndrome. This study aims to determine if the High-STEACS hs-cTnT (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T) pathway can achieve the ≥99% negative predictive value (NPV) safety threshold for 30-day cardiac death or myocardial infarction (CDMI) in a multisite US cohort of patients with and without known coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: A secondary analysis of the STOP-CP (High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T [Gen 5 STAT Assay] to Optimize Chest Pain Risk Stratification) cohort, which enrolled adult emergency department patients with possible acute coronary syndrome at 8 US sites (January 25, 2017-September 6, 2018).

Technology and Dementia Preconference.

Background: The escalating prevalence of dementia in Africa, propelled by rapidly ageing population, necessitates innovative approaches to raise awareness and address associated challenges. The prevalent misconception of dementia as a result of witchcraft or wizardry is a challenge, and the media acts as a key agent in dispelling such myths. By reaching divers audiences, the media reinforces the notion that dementia is not confined to Africa alone but it is a global concern.

Trends and disparities in cardiovascular disease-related mortality among adults with myeloproliferative neoplasms in USA.

Aims: We aimed to perform a retrospective cohort study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database to analyse the trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) from 1999 to 2020.

Methods And Results: We analysed the death certificate data from the CDC WONDER database from 1999 to 2020 for CVD with co-morbid myeloproliferative disorders in the US population. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed per 1 million population by standardizing crude mortality rates to the 2000 US census population.

Precision Opioid Prescription in ICU Surgery: Insights from an Interpretable Deep Learning Framework.

Purpose: Appropriate opioid management is crucial to reduce opioid overdose risk for ICU surgical patients, which can lead to severe complications. Accurately predicting postoperative opioid needs and understanding the associated factors can effectively guide appropriate opioid use, significantly enhancing patient safety and recovery outcomes. Although machine learning models can accurately predict postoperative opioid needs, lacking interpretability hinders their adoption in clinical practice.

A scoping review on peer-led interventions to improve youth mental health in low- and middle-income countries.

Youth living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have an increased vulnerability to mental illnesses, with many lacking access to adequate treatment. There has been a growing body of interventions using task sharing with trained peer leaders to address this mental health gap. This scoping review examines the characteristics, effectiveness, components of peer delivery and challenges of peer-led mental health interventions for youth aged 10-24 in LMICs.

Patterns of utilization of advanced practice providers in reproductive endocrinology: a 2023 national survey.

Objective: To evaluate the current utilization of advanced practice providers (APPs) within the field of reproductive endocrinology and infertility.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Web-based.

Examining the Prevalence of Sports-Related Injuries in Collegiate Baseball Players.

Background: Sports-related injuries remain a significant problem for collegiate baseball players. Although some studies reported the epidemiology of sports-related injuries among collegiate baseball players, the latest information on sport-related injuries should be provided.

Purpose: To examine the current trends of sports-related injuries among collegiate baseball players in the Pacific 12 (PAC-12) Conference.

Superior transseptal versus left atriotomy approaches in isolated mitral valve surgery.

Objective: The superior transseptal approach to mitral valve surgery offers improved exposure compared with left atriotomy; however, concerns remain regarding postoperative arrhythmias and pacemaker placement. This study investigates intraoperative parameters and postoperative outcomes in these approaches.

Methods: Retrospective review of 259 adults undergoing isolated mitral valve repair or replacement over a 10-year period was performed.

Intraoperative right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume loop analysis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A proof-of-concept methodology.

Background: Perioperative right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery patients. This study aimed to demonstrate proof of concept in generating intraoperative RV pressure-volume (PV) loops and conducting an end-systolic PV relationship (ESPVR) analysis using data obtained from routinely used intraoperative monitors.

Methods: Adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with the placement of a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) between May 2023 and March 2024 were included prospectively.

Preoperative medication management turnkey order set for nonemergent adult cardiac surgery.

Objective: The management of preoperative medications is an essential component of perioperative care for the cardiac surgical patient. This turnkey order set is part of a series created by the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Cardiac Society, first presented at the Annual Meeting of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery in 2023. Numerous guidelines and expert consensus documents have been published to provide guidance in preoperative medication management.

Heart transplant survival and the use of donors with intracranial bleeding: United Network for Organ Sharing Registry propensity-score matched analysis.

Objective: The transplantation of hearts from donors who experienced intracranial bleeding (ICB) has been associated with inferior long-term survival in both single-center analyses and, more recently, with the United Network for Ogan Sharing Registry. The purpose of this study was to further explore this relationship through propensity score matching in recipients receiving donor hearts from ICB and non-ICB donors in a large national registry.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing Registry Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network between 2006 and 2018 for adult candidates wait-listed for isolated heart transplantation.

Comparing percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting for left main stenosis on the basis of current regional registry evidence.

Objectives: There is an ongoing debate whether percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the better choice for treatment of left main (LM) stenosis. We aimed to provide external validation for the recently reviewed guideline recommendations for invasive LM therapy by evaluating the impact of CABG or PCI on long-term survival from local reports of different regions in the world. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to address contemporary registry studies comparing PCI and CABG for patients with LM stenosis.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) cardiac turnkey order set for perioperative pain management in cardiac surgery: Proceedings from the American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) ERAS Conclave 2023.

Objective: Optimal perioperative pain management is an essential component of perioperative care for the cardiac surgical patient. This turnkey order set is part of a series created by the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Cardiac Society, first presented at the Annual Meeting of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery in 2023. Several guidelines and expert consensus documents have been published to provide guidance on pain management and opioid reduction in cardiac surgery.

Optical Activity of Chiral Excitons.

Recent activity in the area of chiroptical phenomena has been focused on the connection between structural asymmetry, electron spin configuration and light/matter interactions in chiral semiconductors. In these systems, spin-splitting phenomena emerge due to inversion symmetry breaking and the presence of extended electronic states, yet the connection to chiroptical phenomena is lacking. Here, we develop an analytical effective mass model of chiral excitons, parameterized by density functional theory.

ONC213: a novel strategy to resensitize resistant AML cells to venetoclax through induction of mitochondrial stress.

Background: Venetoclax + azacitidine is a frontline treatment for older adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and a salvage therapy for relapsed/refractory patients who have been treated with intensive chemotherapy. While this is an important treatment option, many patients fail to achieve complete remission and of those that do, majority relapse. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are believed to be responsible for AML relapse and can be targeted through oxidative phosphorylation reduction.

A prospective, longitudinal, comparative analysis of the World Health Organization / International Committee of the Red Cross Basic Emergency Care Course on emergency medicine knowledge and confidence among recent medical school graduates.

Background: The Basic Emergency Care (BEC) course was created by the World Health Organization (WHO) in collaboration with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the International Federation for Emergency Medicine (IFEM) to train frontline providers in low-resource settings. This study aims to evaluate long-term retention and maintenance of emergency care knowledge and confidence among University of Nairobi School of Medicine graduates after completing the BEC course.

Methods: This longitudinal, prospective, comparative study was conducted with recent graduates of the University of Nairobi School of Medicine from October 2021 to May 2023.

Network analysis combined with genome-wide association study helps identification of genes related to amino acid contents in soybean.

Background: Additional to total protein content, the amino acid (AA) profile is important to the nutritional value of soybean seed. The AA profile in soybean seed is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple interconnected genes and pathways controlling the accumulation of each AA. With a total of 621 soybean germplasm, we used three genome-wide association study (GWAS)-based approaches to investigate the genomic regions controlling the AA content and profile in soybean.

Dynamic supramolecular snub cubes.

Mimicking the superstructures and properties of spherical biological encapsulants such as viral capsids and ferritin offers viable pathways to understand their chiral assemblies and functional roles in living systems. However, stereospecific assembly of artificial polyhedra with mechanical properties and guest-binding attributes akin to biological encapsulants remains a formidable challenge. Here we report the stereospecific assembly of dynamic supramolecular snub cubes from 12 helical macrocycles, which are held together by 144 weak C-H hydrogen bonds.