Infant neural processing of mother's face is associated with falling reactivity in the first year of life.

It is well established that faces evoke a distinct neural response in the adult and infant brain. Past research has focused on how the infant face-sensitive ERP components (N290, P400, Nc) reflect different aspects of face processing, however there is still a lack of understanding of how these components reflect face familiarity and how they change over time. Further, there are only a few studies on whether these neural responses correlate with other aspects of development, such as infant temperament.

Germline and Somatic Genomic Testing for Metastatic Prostate Cancer: ASCO Guideline.

Purpose: To evaluate evidence on germline and somatic genomic testing for patients with metastatic prostate cancer and provide recommendations.

Methods: A systematic review by a multidisciplinary panel with patient representation was conducted. The PubMed database was searched from January 2018 to May 2024.

Non-Invasive Assessment of VEGF and Prognosis in Gastric Cancer through Radiomic Features.

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with delayed diagnosis often limiting effective treatment options. This study introduces a novel, non-invasive radiomics-based approach utilizing [18F] FDG PET/CT to predict VEGF status and survival in GC patients. The ability to non-invasively assess these parameters can significantly influence therapeutic decisions and outcomes.

Takotsubo Syndrome Following Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Metasummary of Case Reports/Series.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation is safe and effective, though rare cases of takotsubo syndrome (TTS) have been observed without proven causation. This review synthesizes TTS following AF ablation case reports and series. Until October 2024, PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar were searched for AF ablation and TTS case reports and series.

Wavelength-Resolved Magnetic Multiplex Biosensor for Simultaneous and Ultrasensitive Detection of Pneumonia Pathogens via Catalytic Hairpin Assembly Strategy with Luminescent Iridium Complexes.

Pneumonia is a prevalent acute respiratory infection and a major cause of mortality and hospitalization, and the urgent demand for a rapid, direct, and highly accurate diagnostic method capable of detecting both () and () arises from their prominent roles as the primary pathogens responsible for pneumonia. Herein, two luminescent iridium complexes with nonoverlapping photoluminescence spectra, iridium(III)-bis [4,6-(difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C'] picolinate (abbreviated as Ir-B) and bis (2-(3,5- dimethylphenyl) quinoline-C2,N') (acetylacetonato) iridium(III)) (abbreviated as Ir-R), were unprecedently proposed to construct a novel wavelength-resolved magnetic multiplex biosensor for simultaneous detection of and based on catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) signal amplification strategy combined with dye-doped silica nanoparticles. Notably, the proposed wavelength-resolved multiplex biosensor not only exhibits a broad linear range from 50 pM to 10 nM but also demonstrates excellent recovery rates for (96.

Total Elbow Arthroplasty for a Complex Proximal Radius and Ulna Fracture-A Case for Expanding Indications: A Case Report.

Case: We present a 79-year-old woman with a complex elbow fracture including a comminuted proximal ulna fracture, coronoid process fracture, and comminuted radial head fracture treated with primary total elbow arthroplasty (TEA). The patient completed an early therapy protocol and had complete healing. At 15 months postoperatively, she had full pronosupination and elbow arc of motion from 10 to 135° with no reported pain.

Canine urothelial cell model to study intracellular bacterial community development by uropathogenic Escherichia coli.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections of both dogs and humans, with most caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Recurrent UPEC infections are a major concern in the treatment and management of UTIs in both species. In humans, the ability of UPECs to form intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) within urothelial cells has been implicated in recurrent UTIs.

Achieving the state of Georgia 25% HIV incidence reduction target among men who have sex with men in Atlanta through expanded use of multimodal pre-exposure prophylaxis: A mathematical model.

The US faces substantial demographic and geographic disparities in both HIV burden and access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), an effective strategy to prevent HIV acquisition. Long-acting cabotegravir (CAB) is a novel, injectable PrEP option which demonstrated superior reduction in risk of HIV acquisition compared to daily-oral PrEP in the HPTN083 trial. We modelled the impact of increased PrEP initiations and the introduction of long-acting CAB on HIV incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Atlanta, Georgia, a population with a high burden of HIV.

Retrospective study of incidence/prevalence of pigmentary maculopathy and retinopathy in patients receiving pentosan polysulfate sodium.

Purpose: To evaluate prevalence and incidence rates of pigmentary maculopathy and retinopathy (PM/PR), and visual acuity (VA) changes in patients exposed to pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) and in patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) not exposed to PPS.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study (January 2015-March 2021) which included adult de-identified patients from the American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) and Komodo Health database. Three patient cohorts were identified: two PPS-exposed patient cohorts, and Non-PPS-exposed IC patient cohort.

Anatomic Approach to Fetal Hydrocephalus.

Hydrocephalus is an imprecise term and refers to the imbalance of brain parenchyma and cerebral spinal fluid in the cranial vault. Ventriculomegaly, or enlargement of the ventricular system, is often the more precise term and is therefore preferred. Appropriate imaging and measurement techniques are critical to detect ventriculomegaly and grade its severity.

Effect of fatigue on neuromuscular and biomechanical variables after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review.

Introduction: This systematic review is aimed to evaluate the outcomes of published studies on the topic of fatigue-induced neuromuscular and biomechanical changes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Evidence Acquisition: The identification of studies involved a search across three databases - PubMed, Scopus, and Sportdiscus - until July 2023. The key terms utilized were fatigue, anterior cruciate ligament, biomechanics, electromyography, and landing.

Emotional words evoke region- and valence-specific patterns of concurrent neuromodulator release in human thalamus and cortex.

Words represent a uniquely human information channel-humans use words to express thoughts and feelings and to assign emotional valence to experience. Work from model organisms suggests that valence assignments are carried out in part by the neuromodulators dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. Here, we ask whether valence signaling by these neuromodulators extends to word semantics in humans by measuring sub-second neuromodulator dynamics in the thalamus (N = 13) and anterior cingulate cortex (N = 6) of individuals evaluating positive, negative, and neutrally valenced words.

Non-cell-autonomous regulation of mTORC2 by Hedgehog signaling maintains lipid homeostasis.

Organisms allocate energetic resources between essential cellular processes to maintain homeostasis and, in turn, maximize fitness. The nutritional regulators of energy homeostasis have been studied in detail; however, how developmental signals might impinge on these pathways to govern metabolism is poorly understood. Here, we identify a non-canonical role for Hedgehog (Hh), a classic regulator of development, in maintaining intestinal lipid homeostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Hydrogen sulfide mediates the interaction between C. elegans and Actinobacteria from its natural microbial environment.

Caenorhabditis elegans proliferates poorly in the presence of abundant Actinobacteria from its natural ecology, but it is unknown why. Here, we show how perturbed levels of hydrogen sulfide modulate the growth rate of both C. elegans and Actinobacteria.

Does Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Differ by Patient Demographics? An Evaluation of Perioperative Anesthetic Management - An Observational Study.

Background: Disparities in postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and its prophylaxis may exist based on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES). Our objective was to evaluate whether patients from racial and ethnic minority groups and patients from lower SES backgrounds received less appropriate PONV prophylaxis and experienced higher rates of PONV and post-discharge nausea and vomiting (PDNV).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 23,333 adults who underwent major surgeries (total knee arthroplasty, cholecystectomy, hysterectomy, and prostatectomy) from 2017-2022 in a single, multi-state hospital system.

Restrictive or Liberal Blood Transfusion in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and CKD.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction and anemia. Among patients with anemia and CKD who experience myocardial infarction, it remains uncertain if a liberal red blood cell transfusion threshold strategy (hemoglobin cutoff [Hgb] < 10 g/dL) is superior to a restrictive transfusion threshold (Hgb 7-8 g/dL) strategy.

Methods: Among the 3,504 patients enrolled in the Myocardial Ischemia and Transfusion (MINT) trial with non-missing creatinine, we compared baseline characteristics and 30-day and 6-month outcomes of patients without CKD (N = 1279), CKD with eGFR 30-60 mL/min/1.

Lessons Learned from the Implementation of the Wake County, North Carolina EMS Medication for Opioid Use Disorder Program.

Objectives: Buprenorphine has recently emerged as a prehospital treatment for opioid use disorder. Limited data exist regarding the implementation of prehospital buprenorphine programs. Our objective was to describe the development, deployment, lessons learned, and ongoing evolution of the Wake County EMS buprenorphine program using data from the first year following implementation.

Registry versus claims-based index dates for studies of cancer diagnosis in administrative data.

Purpose: Studies of healthcare encounters leading to cancer diagnosis have increased over recent years. While some studies examine healthcare utilization before the cancer registry date of diagnosis, relevant pre-diagnosis interactions are not always immediately prior to this date due to date abstraction guidelines. We evaluated agreement of a registry date with a claims-based index and examined Emergency Department (ED) involvement in cancer diagnosis as an example of possible pre-diagnostic healthcare misclassification that could arise from improper date choice.

Advances in Analytical Methodologies for Detecting Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS): A Review.

Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) have historically been difficult compounds to analyze in forensic toxicology. The identification, detection and quantitation of these analytes and their metabolites has been difficult due to their rapid emergence, short life span and various potencies. Advancements in analytical instrumentation are fundamental to mitigating these NPS challenges by providing reliable identification and sensitivity.

Real-world mepolizumab treatment in patients with severe asthma decreased exacerbations, oral corticosteroid use, and healthcare resource utilization and costs over 4 years: a retrospective analysis.

Objective: Although the efficacy of mepolizumab in reducing exacerbations and oral corticosteroid (OCS) use in severe asthma is well-established, real-world long-term effectiveness data are limited. This study evaluated the real-world impact of mepolizumab treatment in patients with severe asthma over a 4-year follow-up period.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with asthma initiating mepolizumab (index date: first claim, November 2015-September 2019) using the Merative MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Databases.

Biomarkers.

Background: The immune system is substantially involved in the development and progression of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Method: As genetic and environmental factors interactively impact these conditions, we investigated how risk factors such as APOE genotype, age, and sex influence immune activation markers and AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in elderly individuals enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging cohort. Among cognitively unimpaired individuals aged over 65 at the baseline visit (N=298), we measured 365 CSF immune activation markers using the proximity extension assay.

Biomarkers.

Background: Growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) has been associated with dementia risk, yet its predictive value across cohorts and sub-population, as well as its relationship with endophenotypes relevant to dementia, remains unknown.

Methods: Using the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study as the discovery cohort, we examined the relationship between plasma GDF15 levels (SomaScan) and risk for incident all-cause dementia (ACD) in late-life (N=4,287, 7-year follow-up, M=75±5) and in midlife (N=11,595, 20-year follow-up, M=57±6). Utilizing the UK Biobank (UKB; replication cohort), we related plasma GDF15 (Olink) to incident ACD (N=35,673, 14-year follow-up, M=61±5), vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD).

Biomarkers.

Background: Recent advances in diagnostics have made it possible to identify early signs of the pathophysiological changes underlying Alzheimer's Disease (AD) via blood tests. However, the use of blood-based biomarkers (BBBMs) for the early detection of AD may be limited in primary care settings despite its potential for wide access and early detection of AD (PMID: 37295421) Therefore, there is a need to understand the barriers and facilitators of BBBM testing for AD in primary care.

Method: We employed a combination of qualitative research, advisory board, and quantitative survey to engage with clinical/scientific advisors and community-based physicians in primary care.

Biomarkers.

Background: Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) is a common neuropathologic finding at advanced age that associates with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and is often comorbid with AD pathology. Neuroimaging measurements of LATE-NC-associated limbic degeneration have been proposed as indirect biomarkers, but molecular-specific biomarkers for LATE-NC are still lacking. Here we used combined ante-mortem blood and MRI data to study TDP-43 levels in plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV-TDP-43) and hippocampal volume (HV) in relation to LATE-NC and HS at autopsy.