Single-cell transcriptomics predict novel potential regulators of acute epithelial restitution in the ischemia-injured intestine.

Intestinal ischemic injury damages the epithelial barrier predisposes patients to life-threatening sepsis unless that barrier is rapidly restored. There is an age-dependency of intestinal recovery in that neonates are the most susceptible to succumb to disease of the intestinal barrier versus older patients. We have developed a pig model that demonstrates age-dependent failure of intestinal barrier restitution in neonatal pigs which can be rescued by the direct application of juvenile pig mucosal tissue, but the mechanisms of rescue remain undefined.

Lessons Learned in Virtual Launch of an Antenatal Opioid Exposure Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic prompted researchers to develop new ways to design and launch studies and recruit and retain participants. Pregnant women and infants are considered vulnerable populations in research, and families affected by substance use are particularly difficult to recruit and retain. Recruitment for studies involving medical technologies such as MRI can also be difficult due to misconceptions and fear of the technologies.

Coming Out as LGBTQ+: A Qualitative Study on the Mental Health Impact of Religious Responses to Disclosure.

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, or Queer (LGBTQ+) individuals may experience judgment, exclusion, and rejection by religious environments. This mixed methods study focused on the impact of religion on sexual orientation disclosure/coming out. Through purposeful snowball sampling we had 429 participants.

Closing the Gaps in Understanding PFAS Toxicology and Metabolism.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are nearly ubiquitous and found in rivers, soils, atmosphere, food packaging, clothing, cosmetics, commercial products, homes, drinking water, and humans and other organisms [...

Aflatoxin B1: Challenges and Strategies for the Intestinal Microbiota and Intestinal Health of Monogastric Animals.

The objective of this review is to investigate the impacts of aflatoxins, particularly aflatoxin B1 (AFB), on intestinal microbiota, intestinal health, and growth performance in monogastric animals, primarily chickens and pigs, as well as dietary interventions to mitigate these effects. Aflatoxin B1 contamination in feeds disrupts intestinal microbiota, induces immune responses and oxidative damage, increases antioxidant activity, and impairs jejunal cell viability, barrier function, and morphology in the small intestine. These changes compromise nutrient digestion and reduce growth performance in animals.

Tracking Immunity: An Increased Number of COVID-19 Boosters Increases the Longevity of Anti-RBD and Anti-RBD-Neutralizing Antibodies.

Background/objectives: Since the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020, the virus has caused multiple waves of infection globally. Arizona State University (ASU), the largest four-year university in the United States, offers a uniquely diverse setting for assessing immunity within a large community. This study aimed to test our hypothesis that an increased number of exposures to SARS-CoV-2 RBD through vaccination/boosters/infection will increase SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence by increasing the longevity of anti-RBD and anti-RBD-neutralizing antibodies.

Anisotropic Elasticity, Spin-Orbit Coupling, and Topological Properties of ZrTe and NiTe: A Comparative Study for Spintronic and Nanoscale Applications.

The present work investigates the interfacial and atomic layer-dependent mechanical properties, SOC-entailing phonon band structure, and comprehensive electron-topological-elastic integration of ZrTe and NiTe. The anisotropy of Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and shear modulus are analyzed using density functional theory with the TB-mBJ approximation. NiTe has higher mechanical property values and greater anisotropy than ZrTe.

Mesoporous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Support from ZIF-8 for Pt Catalysts in Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) has been extensively studied as a precursor for nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) materials due to its high surface area, tunable porosity, and adjustable nitrogen content. However, the intrinsic microporous structure of the ZIF-8 limits mass transport and accessibility of reactants to active sites, reducing its effectiveness in electrochemical applications. In this study, a soft templating approach using a triblock copolymer was used to prepare mesoporous ZIF-8-derived NC (Meso-ZIF-NC) samples.

Cu-Functionalized, ZIF-8-Derived, Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Composites for Efficient Iodine Elimination in Solution.

The development of copper-based materials with a high efficiency and low cost is desirable for use in iodine (I) remediation. Herein, Cu-nanoparticles-functionalized, ZIF-8 (Zeolite Imidazole Framework-8)-derived, nitrogen-doped carbon composites (Cu@Zn-NC) were synthesized by ball milling and pyrolysis processes. The as-prepared composites were characterized using SEM, BET, XRD, XPS, and FT-IR analyses.

Stable Field Emissions from Zirconium Carbide Nanoneedle Electron Source.

In this study, a single zirconium carbide (ZrC) nanoneedle structure oriented in the <100> direction was fabricated by a dual-beam focused ion beam (FIB-SEM) system, and its field emission characteristics and emission current stability were evaluated. Benefiting from controlled fabrication with real-time observation, the ZrC nanoneedle has a smooth surface and a tip with a radius of curvature smaller than 20 nm and a length greater than 2 μm. Due to its low work function and well-controlled morphology, the ZrC nanoneedle emitter, positioned in a high-vacuum chamber, was able to generate a single and collimated electron beam with a current of 1.

Serious Bacterial Infections and Hepatitis C Virus Among People Who Inject Drugs: A Syndemic or Intertwined Epidemics?

Limited research has examined the possible synergistic interrelationships between serious bacterial infections (SBIs) of the heart (i.e., endocarditis), bone, spine, brain, or joints (e.

Perch Hydrolysates from Upcycling of Perch Side Streams Accelerate Wound Healing by Enhancing Fibroblasts to Secrete Procollagen I, Fibronectin, and Hyaluronan.

Wound healing incurs various challenges, making it an important topic in medicine. Short-chain peptides from fish protein hydrolysates possess wound healing properties that may represent a solution. In this study, perch hydrolysates were produced from perch side steams using a designed commercial complex enzyme via a proprietary pressure extraction technique.

Characteristics and Functional Properties of Bioactive Oleogels: A Current Review.

Oleogels have been a revolutionary innovation in food science in terms of their health benefits and unique structural properties. They provide a healthier alternative to traditional solid or animal fats. They have improved oxidative stability and nutritional value to maintain the desirable sensory qualities of lipid-based foods.

A Canadian Perspective on Systemic Therapy for Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Although the majority of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) present with early-stage or locoregional disease that can be treated with definitive radiotherapy, approximately 20% of patients experience disease recurrence, and 15% present with metastatic disease that is not amenable to curative therapy. Management of patients with recurrent or metastatic (r/m) NPC who are not candidates for local salvage therapy is challenging in Canada, as there is uncertainty in extrapolating evidence that is largely generated from Southeast China to non-endemic regions such as Canada. Currently, treatment options in Canada are limited to chemotherapy regimens that can only achieve short-term response and prolongation of survival.

Pigmented Syringomatous Carcinoma/Sweat Gland Carcinoma of the Vulva With Melanocytic Colonization: An Uncommon Presentation of a Rare Sweat Gland Neoplasm.

Primary vulvar carcinomas are rare and constitute a diverse group of neoplasms. These primary tumors are typically classified based on their presumed tissue of origin or histological characteristics. Among these, carcinomas of sweat gland origin are particularly significant.

Becoming a Caregiver: The Role of the Environment in the Process of Children Becoming Responsible for Others.

This article aims to illustrate the pivotal role that the environment plays in early child development (ECD), drawing upon data derived from the ethnographic research on children's daily routines. Participant observation and in-depth interviews were conducted over the course of several fieldwork periods (2013-2018). The concept of "mutual raising" is employed to examine the daily interactions between middle-aged children and their domestic animals.

The Relevance of the Virchow Node and Virchow Triad in Renal Cancer Diagnosis.

The purpose of this article is to overview the clinical significance of left supraclavicular adenopathy and review the etiology of inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis, starting from a presentation of a rare case of renal cell carcinoma (RCCs) with Xp11.2 translocation involving TFE3 gene fusion. This article also aims to review the literature to understand the characteristics of this rare type of renal tumor.

Maximizing Free Energy Gain.

Maximizing the amount of work harvested from an environment is important for a wide variety of biological and technological processes, from energy-harvesting processes such as photosynthesis to energy storage systems such as fuels and batteries. Here, we consider the maximization of free energy-and by extension, the maximum extractable work-that can be gained by a classical or quantum system that undergoes driving by its environment. We consider how the free energy gain depends on the initial state of the system while also accounting for the cost of preparing the system.

Impacts of Hyaluronan on Extracellular Vesicle Production and Signaling.

Hyaluronan (HA) is a critical component of cell and tissue matrices and an important signaling molecule. The enzymes that synthesize and process HA, as well as the HA receptors through which the signaling properties of HA are transmitted, have been identified in extracellular vesicles and implicated in context-specific processes associated with health and disease. The goal of this review is to present a comprehensive summary of the research on HA and its related receptors and enzymes in extracellular vesicle biogenesis and the cellular responses to vesicles bearing these extracellular matrix modulators.

Glucose-Sensing Carbohydrate Response Element-Binding Protein in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Glucose-sensing ChREBP and MondoA are transcriptional factors involved in the lipogenic, inflammatory, and insulin signaling pathways implicated in metabolic disorders; however, limited ocular studies have been conducted on these proteins. We aimed to investigate the potential role of ChREBP in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We used diabetic human and mouse retinal cryosections analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Enhanced Interleukin 6 Trans-Signaling Modulates Disease Process in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mouse Models.

Charcot first described ALS in 1869, but the specific mechanisms that mediate the disease pathology are still not clear. Intense research efforts have provided insight into unique neuroanatomical regions, specific neuronal populations and genetic associations for ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases; however, the experimental results also suggest a convergence of these events to common toxic pathways. We propose that common toxic pathways can be therapeutically targeted, and this intervention will be effective in slowing progression and improving patient quality of life.

Analyzing Gait Dynamics and Recovery Trajectory in Lower Extremity Fractures Using Linear Mixed Models and Gait Analysis Variables.

In a prospective study, we examined the recovery trajectory of patients with lower extremity fractures to better understand the healing process in the absence of complications. Using a chest-mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU) device for gait analysis and collecting patient-reported outcome measures, we focused on 12 key gait variables, including Mean Leg Lift Acceleration, Stance Time, and Body Orientation. We employed a linear mixed model (LMM) to analyze these variables over time, incorporating both fixed and random effects to account for individual differences and the time since injury.

Iron/phosphorus co-doped carbon nanozyme for colorimetric sensing of organophosphorus pesticides in food.

In this work, a peroxidase-like (POD-like) nanozyme of Fe/P-NC was synthesized by doping phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) to manipulate iron (Fe) activity centers, which showed catalytic activity and kinetics comparable to those of natural HRP. Based on the efficient POD-like activity of the Fe/P-NC nanozyme and cascaded catalytic reactions with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), we constructed a colorimetric, affordable and sensitive sensing platform to detect organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). In the presence of AChE, the POD-like activity of the prepared Fe/P-NC was suppressed, which weakened the Fe/P-NC-catalyzed oxidation of TMB.