New Index Demonstrates Association between Social Vulnerability, Environmental Burden, and Kidney Failure Risk among Individuals with Glomerular Disease.

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Environmental Justice Index Social-Environmental Ranking (EJI-SER) combines a Social Vulnerability Module (SV) with an Environmental Burden Module (EB) to characterize cumulative environmental and social burden at the census tract level. This analysis evaluates the association between EJI-SER and kidney outcomes in glomerular disease (GD) patients.

Methods: Cure Glomerulopathy (CureGN) is an observational cohort study of adults and children with biopsy-proven GD.

Neural deterioration and compensation in visual short-term memory among individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Visual short-term memory (VSTM) is a critical indicator of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but whether its neural substrates could adapt to early disease progression and contribute to cognitive resilience in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) has been unclear.

Methods: Fifty-five aMCI patients and 68 normal controls (NC) performed a change-detection task and underwent multimodal neuroimaging scanning.

Results: Among the atrophic brain regions in aMCI, VSTM performance correlated with the volume of the right prefrontal cortex (PFC) but not the medial temporal lobe (MTL), and this correlation was mainly present in patients with greater MTL atrophy.

Comparison of patient-reported symptoms with multi-item patient-reported outcome measures of fatigue, anxiety, and depression in the clinical care of women undergoing chemotherapy for early breast cancer.

Background: As patient-reported symptoms are increasingly incorporated into routine clinical practice and captured in electronic medical records these data can be used to conduct health-related quality of life research studies. This study compares symptom reports from the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) and its precursor patient reported symptom monitoring (PRSM) (hereafter PRSM/PRO-CTCAE) with multi-item patient-reported outcome (PRO) scales for fatigue (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy/FACIT-Fatigue) and depression and anxiety (Mental Health Index/MHI).

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data collected from women with early breast cancer (Stage I-III) scheduled for chemotherapy who completed PRSM/PRO-CTCAE, FACIT-Fatigue, and MHI scales pre- and post-chemotherapy.

Impact of Park Redesign and Renovation on Children's Health-Related Quality of Life.

Despite increasing interest in the role of parks on children's health, there has been little empirical research on the impact of park interventions. We used a quasi-experimental pre-post study design with matched controls to evaluate the effects of park redesign and renovation on children's health-related quality of life (QoL) in underserved neighborhoods in New York City, with predominantly Hispanic and Black populations. Utilizing longitudinal data from the Physical Activity and Redesigned Community Spaces (PARCS) Study, we examined the parent-reported health-related QoL of 201 children aged 3-11 years living within a 0.

Aβ42 biomarker linked to insula, striatum, thalamus and claustrum in dementia with Lewy bodies.

The differential mechanisms between proteinopathies and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) remain unclear. To address this issue, we conducted a voxel-based morphometry and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker (α-synuclein, Aβ42, t-Tau and p-Tau) level correlation study in patients with DLB, AD and mixed cases (AD + DLB). Cerebrospinal fluid samples obtained by lumbar puncture and whole-brain T1-weighted images were collected in the AlphaLewyMA cohort.

Optimizing the hyperbaric chamber pressurization profile during standard hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Middle ear barotrauma (MEBT) is the most common complication in providing hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO). This study explored the impact of altering the shape of the time-pressure curve with the aim of reducing the occurrence of MEBT and optimizing the HBO experience during the pressurization process. Four distinct mathematically derived protocols-Constant Pressure Difference (CPD), Constant Volume Difference (CVD), Constant Ratio (CR), and Inverted Constant Ratio (ICR)-were investigated using computer simulations on a simple ear model.

Selected Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Agents in IBD.

Purpose Of Review: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can cause significant psychological, physical, and economic burdens on patients and healthcare systems. Studies show over one-fifth of patients will seek nontraditional methods of treatment for managing their symptoms. Understanding the benefits - and potential harms - of these therapies is important to provide holistic and evidence-based care to our IBD patients.

Atomically Dispersed Ni-N-C Catalysts for Electrochemical CO Reduction.

The atomic dispersion of nickel in Ni-N-C catalysts is key for the selective generation of carbon monoxide through the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CORR). Herein, the study reports a highly selective, atomically dispersed Ni-N-C catalyst with reduced Ni loading compared to previous reports. Extensive materials characterization fails to detect Ni crystalline phases, reveals the highest concentration of atomically dispersed Ni metal, and confirms the presence of the proposed Ni-N active site at this reduced loading.

Probing the Active Nitrogen Species in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanozymes for Enhanced Oxidase-Like Activity.

Nitrogen doping emerges as a potent approach to enhance the oxidase-like activity of carbon nanozymes. However, the unclear knowledge of the active nitrogen species within nitrogen-doped carbon nanozymes hinders the advancement of high-performance carbon nanozymes. Herein, a group of nitrogen-doped carbon (N/C) nanozymes with controllable nitrogen dopants are successfully synthesized via a dicyandiamide-assisted pyrolysis method.

White matter hyperintensities and TDP-43 pathology in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Greater white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are seen with transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP). WMH associations with TDP-43 pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD-TDP) remain unclear.

Methods: A total of 157 participants from Mayo Clinic Rochester with autopsy-confirmed AD, known TDP-43 status, and antemortem fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI were included.

Association of Alzheimer's Disease Polygenic Risk Score with Concussion Severity and Recovery Metrics.

Background: Identification of genetic alleles associated with both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and concussion severity/recovery could help explain the association between concussion and elevated dementia risk. However, there has been little investigation into whether AD risk genes associate with concussion severity/recovery, and the limited findings are mixed.

Objective: We used AD polygenic risk scores (PRS) and APOE genotypes to investigate any such associations in the NCAA-DoD Grand Alliance CARE Consortium (CARE) dataset.

Psychosocial Support Needs and Preferences Among Family Caregivers of ICU Patients with Severe Acute Brain Injury: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis.

Background: Family caregivers of patients with severe acute brain injury (SABI) are at risk for clinically significant chronic emotional distress, including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. Existing psychosocial interventions for caregivers of intensive care unit (ICU) patients are not tailored to the unique needs of caregivers of patients with SABI, do not demonstrate long-term efficacy, and may increase caregiver burden. In this study, we explored the needs and preferences for psychosocial services among SABI caregivers to inform the development and adaptation of interventions to reduce their emotional distress during and after their relative's ICU admission.

Explainable machine learning framework for cataracts recognition using visual features.

Cataract is the leading ocular disease of blindness and visual impairment globally. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved promising cataracts recognition performance based on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images; however, they have poor explanations, limiting their clinical applications. In contrast, visual features extracted from original AS-OCT images and their transform forms (e.

Quantifying liver-toxic responses from dose-dependent chemical exposures using a rat genome-scale metabolic model.

Because the liver plays a vital role in the clearance of exogenous chemical compounds, it is susceptible to chemical-induced toxicity. Animal-based testing is routinely used to assess the hepatotoxic potential of chemicals. While large-scale high-throughput sequencing data can indicate the genes affected by chemical exposures, we need system-level approaches to interpret these changes.

Study of the self-degradation performance of a passive direct methanol fuel cell with an Fe-N-C catalyst.

Fe-N-C catalysts are considered promising substitutes for Pt-based catalysts at the cathode in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) owing to their great methanol tolerance. However, Fe-N-C-based DMFCs commonly suffer from a decreased performance under extremely high methanol concentrations and exhibit poor stability, while the underlying mechanism remains controversial. In this study, a self-degradation phenomenon in a passive Fe-N-C-based DMFC was investigated in detail.

Effect of growth dynamics on the structural, photophysical and pseudocapacitance properties of famatinite copper antimony sulphide colloidal nanostructures (including nanosheets).

Facile phase selective synthesis of copper antimony sulphide (CAS) nanostructures is important because of their tunable photoconductive and electrochemical properties. In this study, off-stoichiometric famatinite phase CAS (CAS) quasi-spherical and quasi-hexagonal colloidal nanostructures (including nanosheets) of sizes, 2.4-18.

Factors Associated with Nonspecialist Quality of Delivery within a Family Strengthening Intervention in Rwanda: a Parallel Latent Growth Model.

In task-shared, mental health, and psychosocial support interventions, monitoring the quality of delivery (fidelity and competence) of nonspecialist providers is critical. Quality of delivery is frequently reported in brief, summary statistics, and while both fidelity and competence scores tend to be high, rarely have factors associated with quality of delivery in low-resource, mental health, and psychosocial support interventions been examined using inferential statistics. Understanding both modifiable and non-modifiable predictors of quality of delivery is important for adapting training and supervision approaches throughout intervention delivery.

Trajectories of HIV Visit Engagement During the Perinatal Period among Women in Lilongwe, Malawi.

Longitudinal patterns of engagement in care among women living with HIV (WHIV) during the perinatal period are poorly understood. We employed group-based trajectory modeling to (1) describe trajectories of HIV visit engagement; and (2) identify predictors of membership in suboptimal care trajectories. Data came from a prospective cohort study across five urban clinics in Lilongwe, Malawi conducted between February 2020 and August 2022.

"You're in an Image of a Man but Not a Man": A Qualitative Analysis of Intersectional Stigma Among Men with HIV Experiencing Subfertility in Rural Southwestern Uganda.

Many men with HIV (MWH) want to have children and may encounter HIV- and infertility-related stigma experiences. Integration of reproductive health and HIV care for men is rare. When available, safer conception care focuses on HIV prevention but lacks fertility support.

Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Long-Acting Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Monoclonal Antibody VRC07523LS in Newborn Infants Exposed to HIV-1.

Background: Vertical HIV-1 transmission despite antiretroviral therapy may be mitigated by use of long-acting, broadly neutralizing, monoclonal antibodies (bNAb) such as VRC07523LS. The present study was designed to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of VRC07523LS.

Methods: VRC07523LS, 80 mg/dose, was administered subcutaneously after birth to non-breastfed (Cohort 1; N=11, enrolled in USA) and breastfed (Cohort 2; N=11, enrolled in South Africa and Zimbabwe) infants exposed to HIV-1.

Association Between Local Skin Reactions and Efficacy with 5-Fluorouracil 4% Cream in Actinic Keratosis: A Post-Hoc Analysis of Two Randomised Clinical Trials.

Introduction: Topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 5% or 4% cream, is recommended among first-line treatments for actinic keratosis (AK). Local skin reactions (LSRs) are an expected and transient response to treatment with 5-FU but can lead to treatment discontinuation when severe. This analysis aimed to investigate whether the severity of LSRs during the treatment was associated with lesion clearance assessed 4 weeks after completing treatment.

Calorie (energy) labelling for changing selection and consumption of food or alcohol.

Background: Overconsumption of food and consumption of any amount of alcohol increases the risk of non-communicable diseases. Calorie (energy) labelling is advocated as a means to reduce energy intake from food and alcoholic drinks. However, there is continued uncertainty about these potential impacts, with a 2018 Cochrane review identifying only a small body of low-certainty evidence.

Racism, homophobia, and the sexual health of young Black men who have sex with men in the United States: A systematic review.

Black gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (BMSM) experience the highest rates of HIV acquisition annually out of any population in the United States, and young BMSM (YBMSM) are heavily impacted by this inequity as they enter adulthood. Despite a high annual HIV incidence, extant literature has found BMSM to engage in fewer sexual risk behaviors than White and Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men, resulting in a gap between risk behaviors and the inequity of HIV infection. Structural factors, such as racism and homophobia, are thus being examined in order to understand this disconnect between behavior and HIV incidence.

Endometrial scratching before euploid embryo transfer: a case-control study.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of endometrial scratching on in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates in women undergoing frozen embryo transfer with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A).

Methods: Biopsy was performed at oocyte retrieval in cases and compared to those who did not undergo scratching (controls). Endpoints included pregnancy loss, total pregnancy, clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), ongoing pregnancy rate/live birth rate (OPR), and the incidence of chronic endometritis (CE).