Do Risk Factors for HCC Impact the Association of CT/MRI LIRADS Major Features With HCC? An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.

Guidelines suggest the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) may not be applicable for some populations at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, data assessing the association of HCC risk factors with LI-RADS major features are lacking. To evaluate whether the association between HCC risk factors and each CT/MRI LI-RADS major feature differs among individuals at-risk for HCC.

- a large-scale dataset of 3D medical shapes for computer vision.

Objectives: The shape is commonly used to describe the objects. State-of-the-art algorithms in medical imaging are predominantly diverging from computer vision, where voxel grids, meshes, point clouds, and implicit surface models are used. This is seen from the growing popularity of ShapeNet (51,300 models) and Princeton ModelNet (127,915 models).

Transcriptomic and genetic profiling in a spontaneous non-human primate model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) afflicts humans, cats, pigs, and rhesus macaques. Disease sequelae include congestive heart failure, thromboembolism, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Sarcomeric mutations explain some human and cat cases, however, the molecular basis in rhesus macaques remains unknown.

Volatile hydrocarbon exposures and immune-related illnesses among Deepwater Horizon oil spill workers.

Background: Despite evidence from experimental studies linking some petroleum hydrocarbons to markers of immune suppression, limited epidemiologic research exists on this topic.

Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine associations of oil spill related chemicals (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and n-hexane (BTEX-H)) and total hydrocarbons (THC) with immune-related illnesses as indicators of potential immune suppression.

Methods: Subjects comprised 8601 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill clean-up and response workers who participated in a home visit (1-3 years after the DWH spill) in the Gulf Long-term Follow-up (GuLF) Study.

Identification of novel candidate genes for Ascochyta blight resistance in chickpea.

Ascochyta blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Ascochyta rabiei, is a major threat to chickpea production worldwide. Resistance genes with broad-spectrum protection against virulent A. rabiei strains are required to secure chickpea yield in the US Northern Great Plains.

Profiling and comprehensive analysis of microbiome and ARGs of nurses and nursing workers in China: a cross-sectional study.

Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent major challenges in healthcare system. Despite numerous studies have assessed environmental and patient samples, very few studies have explored the microbiome and resistome profiles of medical staff including nursing workers. This cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary hospital in China and involved 25 nurses (NSs), 25 nursing workers (NWs), and 55 non-medical control (NC).

Tissue growth as a mechanism for collagen fiber alignment in articular cartilage.

Articular cartilage is distinguished by the unique alignment of type II collagen, a feature crucial for its mechanical properties and function. This characteristic organization is established during postnatal development of the tissue, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, a potential mechanism for type II collagen alignment by cartilage-specific growth from within the tissue was investigated.

MicroRNA-668 alleviates renal fibrosis through PPARα/PGC-1α pathway.

Background: The involvement of microRNA-668 (miR-668) in the onset and progression of renal fibrosis remains unclear. To this end, we aimed to explore the relevant mechanism of miR-668 in renal fibrosis.

Methods: C57BL/6 J male mice were randomly divided into sham-operated, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and UUO-fenofibrate groups.

KRAS inhibitors: resistance drivers and combinatorial strategies.

In 1982, the RAS genes HRAS and KRAS were discovered as the first human cancer genes, with KRAS later identified as one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes. Yet, it took nearly 40 years to develop clinically effective inhibitors for RAS-mutant cancers. The discovery in 2013 by Shokat and colleagues of a druggable pocket in KRAS paved the way to FDA approval of the first covalently binding KRAS inhibitors, sotorasib and adagrasib, in 2021 and 2022, respectively.

Development and characterization of bigel systems as carriers for thyme essential oil utilizing hydrogel from chicken processing by-products for food applications.

A chicken protein hydrogel (HG) was enzymatically prepared and blended with a carnauba wax-based oleogel (OG) to form bigels (BG) in ratios of 50:50 to 90:10. These systems were infused with thyme essential oil (TEO) at 0.5 %, 1 %, and 2 % v/v to harness its antioxidant properties.

Generalized measures of population synchrony.

Synchronized behavior among individuals, broadly defined, is a ubiquitous feature of populations. Understanding mechanisms of (de)synchronization demands meaningful, interpretable, computable quantifications of synchrony, relevant to measurements that can be made of complex, dynamic populations. Despite the importance to analyzing and modeling populations, existing notions of synchrony often lack rigorous definitions, may be specialized to a particular experimental system and/or measurement, or may have undesirable properties that limit their utility.

Changes in Patent Ductus Arteriosus Management and Outcomes in Infants Born at 26 to 28 Weeks' Gestation.

Objective: To investigate the association between the secular decrease in treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA ) and trends in neonatal mortality and morbidity in infants born at 26 0/7 to 28 6/7 weeks' gestation.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study including infants born between 2012 and 2021 in continually participating hospitals in the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. The primary composite outcome was defined as surgical necrotizing enterocolitis, grade 2-3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe intraventricular hemorrhage, or death.

Testing the generalizability of minimal group attitudes in minority and majority race children.

The minimal group effect, in which people prefer ingroup members to outgroup members even when group membership is trivially constructed, has been studied extensively in psychological science. Despite a large body of literature on this phenomenon, concerns persist regarding previous developmental research populations that are small and lack racial/ethnic diversity. In addition, it remains unclear what role holding membership within and interacting with specific racial/ethnic groups plays in the development of children's group attitudes.

Connections among family socioeconomic status, aerobic fitness, executive function, and the positive experiences of childhood physical activity.

A family's socioeconomic status (SES) can be linked to a child's physical and cognitive health, with children from low-SES families often experiencing poor developmental outcomes. Early positive childhood experiences that include structured and unstructured physical activities (SUPAs) offer a potential avenue to promote positive health and cognitive development during early childhood. However, prior to school entry, it is not well-understood whether SES is related to participation in SUPAs or how SUPAs relate to early health and cognitive indicators such as aerobic fitnessand executive function (EF).

Understanding constipation as a geriatric syndrome.

Constipation is common among older adults and significantly impacts their quality of life (QoL). Prior studies have extensively detailed constipation, but conceptualization of constipation as a geriatric syndrome is lacking. In this review, we provide an overview of constipation in the geriatric population and conceptualize constipation as a geriatric syndrome given its high prevalence, under-recognized status, and association with poor QoL and adverse outcomes among older adults.

Do bilateral deficits in hop for distance performance occur concomitantly with bilateral movement differences in people with patellofemoral pain? A cross-sectional investigation with between-group and -limb comparisons.

Background: People with patellofemoral pain (PFP) may have bilateral deficits in hop for distance test (SLHD) performance, whereas the worsening performance of the pain-free or less painful limbs suggests that bilateral movement differences may occur. While clinicians may not be aware of bilateral movement differences that may be employed during the clinical assessment of SLHD performance (e.g.

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and chlorine isotope fractionation during 3-chloroaniline transformation in aqueous environments by direct photolysis, TiO photocatalysis and hydrolysis.

This study investigates carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and chlorine isotope fractionation during the transformation of 3-chloroaniline (3-CA) via direct photolysis, TiO photocatalytic degradation at neutral condition and hydrolysis at pH 3, pH 7 and pH 11. Direct photolysis and ∙OH reaction (UV/HO) showed similar inverse isotope fractionation (ε) for carbon (1.9 ± 0.

Sex Differences in Spatiotemporal Consistency and Effective Connectivity of the Precuneus in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been reported to exhibit altered local functional consistency. However, previous studies mainly focused on male samples and explored the temporal consistency in the ASD brain ignoring the spatial consistency. In this study, FOur-dimensional Consistency of local neural Activities (FOCA) analysis was used to investigate the sex differences of local spatiotemporal consistency of spontaneous brain activity in ASD.

Prediction of Phenoconversion into Alpha-Synucleinopathy in Patients with isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Using Event-Related Potentials During Visuospatial Attention Tasks.

Study Objectives: Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is recognized as a prodromal stage of alpha-synucleinopathies. Predicting phenoconversion in iRBD patients remains a key challenge. We aimed to investigate whether event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded during visuospatial attention task can serve as predictors of phenoconversion in iRBD patients.

MIIVefa: An R Package for a New Type of Exploratory Factor Anaylysis Using Model-Implied Instrumental Variables.

We present the R package MIIVefa, designed to implement the MIIV-EFA algorithm. This algorithm explores and identifies the underlying factor structure within a set of variables. The resulting model is not a typical exploratory factor analysis (EFA) model because some loadings are fixed to zero and it allows users to include hypothesized correlated errors such as might occur with longitudinal data.

From cells to recapture rates: responses and recovery of a wild fish after an experimental exposure to a widely used herbicide.

Freshwater environments are biodiversity hotspots under multiple pressures, including pesticide exposure. S-metolachlor, a widely used herbicide, can induce genotoxic, cytotoxic and physiological effects in captive fish, but we have a limited understanding of the effects of exposure to S-metolachlor in free-living vertebrates. We carried out an original field experiment using integrative approaches across biological levels and temporal scales.