Neuronal activity features of the subthalamic nucleus associated with optimal deep brain stimulation electrode insertion path in Parkinson's disease.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a standard treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). The precise positioning of the electrode can significantly influence the results of DBS and the overall improvement in the quality of life for PD patients receiving this therapy. We hypothesize that single unit activity (SUA) features can serve as a valid marker of the optimal DBS-electrode insertion trajectory, leading to the most favorable outcome of STN-DBS surgery.

A novel low-cost device for tool targeting training and microsurgical hand tremor assessment.

Background: The spatial accuracy of microsurgical manipulations is one of the critical factors in successful surgical interventions. The purpose of this study was to create a low-cost, high-fidelity, and easy-to-use simulator for microsurgical skills training, which can be made by residents themselves at home.

Methods: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we created a device for spatial accuracy microsurgical skills training and implemented it in our resident's training program.

Pallidal multifractal complexity is a new potential physiomarker of dystonia.

Objective: Low-frequency 4-12 Hz pallidal oscillations are being considered as potential physiomarkers for dystonia. We suggest investigating the multifractal properties of pallidal activity as an additional marker.

Methods: We employed local field potentials (LFP) recordings from 23 patients with dystonia who were undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery to explore the connection between disease severity and the multifractal characteristics of pallidal activity.

Does Pallidal Physiology Determine the Success of Unilateral Deep Brain Stimulation in Cervical Dystonia?

Pallidal deep brain stimulation is a well-known surgical treatment for cervical dystonia. The resolution of dystonia typically requires bilateral pallidal stimulation, but in some instances, unilateral stimulation has been successful. In such instances, generally, the stimulated hemisphere was contralateral to the dystonic sternocleidomastoid, but rarely it was ipsilateral.

Plasma Cytokines Level and Spinal Cord MRI Predict Clinical Outcome in a Rat Glial Scar Cryoinjury Model.

Traumatic injury of the spinal cord is still one of the most challenging problems in the neurosurgical practice. Despite a long history of implementation of translational medicine in the field of spinal cord injury (SCI), it remains one of the most frequent causes of human disability and a critical situation for world healthcare systems. Here, we used our rat model of the of unilateral controlled SCI induced by a cryoinjury, which consistently reproduces glial scarring and posttraumatic cyst formation, and specifically evaluated histological, bioimaging and cytokine data.

Anatomical and Technical Preparations of the Human Brain for White Matter Fibers Dissection with Electromagnetic Neuronavigation Assistance Technical Nuances for Application.

Background: Klinger's fiber dissection technique is widely used for studying the anatomy of white matter. Herein, we present a technical description of Klinger's proposed fiber dissection algorithm with neuronavigation assistance which allows for a more accurate determination of the projection of association fibers.

Methods: An anatomical study was conducted on 8 hemispheres of the human brain, prepared according to the Klingler fiber dissection technique.

Pallidal neuron activity determines responsiveness to deep brain stimulation in cervical dystonia.

Objective: In patients with cervical dystonia we sought for the differences in neuronal behavior of pallidal regions where deep brain stimulation resulted in favorable therapeutic response compared to those where the response was absent.

Methods: We compared single-unit activity of 564 neurons recorded from deep brain stimulation sensitive and non-sensitive regions in 17 cervical dystonia patients.

Results: Globus pallidus internus regions responsive to the deep brain stimulation had lower firing rates and bursting compared to non-responsive areas.

A New Precision Minimally Invasive Method of Glial Scar Simulation in the Rat Spinal Cord Using Cryoapplication.

According to the World Health Organization, every year worldwide up to 500,000 people suffer a spinal cord injury (SCI). Various animal biomodels are essential for searching for novel protocols and therapeutic approaches for SCI treatment. We have developed an original model of post-traumatic spinal cord glial scarring in rats through cryoapplication.

Rapid estimation of tumor cell percentage in brain tissue biopsy samples using inline cartridge extraction mass spectrometry.

Tumor cell percentage (TCP) is an essential characteristic of biopsy samples that directly affects the sensitivity of molecular testing in clinical practice. Apart from clarifying diagnoses, rapid evaluation of TCP combined with various neuronavigation systems can be used to support decision making in neurosurgery. It is known that ambient mass spectrometry makes it possible to rapidly distinguish healthy from malignant tissues.

Comparison of Dimensionality Reduction Methods in Mass Spectra of Astrocytoma and Glioblastoma Tissues.

Recently developed methods of ambient ionization allow the collection of mass spectrometric datasets for biological and medical applications at an unprecedented pace. One of the areas that could employ such analysis is neurosurgery. The fast identification of dissected tissues could assist the neurosurgery procedure.

Temporal Aneurysmorrhaphy Technique for the Management of Complex Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm: A Video Case.

A 57-year-old man who had previously suffered a transient episode of retrograde amnesia was admitted to the vascular department of the Burdenko Neurosurgical Center. Computed tomography angiography revealed a complex trifurcation aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation. There were no clear focal symptoms after the neurologic examination.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Characterization of OXA-48- and CTX-M-15-Co-Producing Hypervirulent ST23 Recovered from Nosocomial Outbreak.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) and hypervirulence (hv) have been long considered distinct evolutionary traits for (Kp), a versatile human pathogen. The recent emergence of Kp strains combining these traits poses a serious global threat. In this article, we describe the phenotypic and genomic characteristics of an MDR hvKp isolate, MAR14-456, representative of a nosocomial outbreak in Moscow, Russia, that was recovered from a postoperative wound in a patient who later developed multiple abscesses, fatal sepsis, and septic shock.

Cytokine Profile As a Marker of Cell Damage and Immune Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury.

This study reviews the findings of recent experiments designed to investigate the cytokine profile after a spinal cord injury. The role played by key cytokines in eliciting the cellular response to trauma was assessed. The results of the specific immunopathogenetic interaction between the nervous and immune systems in the immediate and chronic post-traumatic periods are summarized.

Deep Brain Stimulation for Chronic Pain: Time to Reconsider the Skeptical Attitude?

Despite continuous advancements in systematic treatment of chronic pain there is still a subset of clinical conditions where the standard medical and surgical approaches are not uniformly effective [...

Assessment of variation of inline cartridge extraction mass spectra.

Recently, mass-spectrometry methods show its utility in tumor boundary location. The effect of differences between research and clinical protocols such as low- and high-resolution measurements and sample storage have to be understood and taken into account to transfer methods from bench to bedside. In this study, we demonstrate a simple way to compare mass spectra obtained by different experimental protocols, assess its quality, and check for the presence of outliers and batch effect in the dataset.

Feedback-dependent neuronal properties make focal dystonias so focal.

Focal dystonia, by definition, affects a specific body part; however, it may have a widespread neural substrate. We tested this hypothesis by examining the intrinsic behaviour and the neuronal properties that are modulated by changes in the physiological behaviour of their connections, that is feedback dependence, of the isolated pallidal neurons. During deep brain stimulation surgery in 12 patients with isolated cervical dystonia (without hand involvement), we measured spontaneous as well as evoked single-unit properties in response to fist making (hand movement) or shoulder shrug (neck movements).

Cell therapy assisted autotransplantation of olfactory tract into the optic nerve: A potential treatment for optic neuropathy.

Optic neuropathy is an invaliding pathology with diverse clinical manifestation and varying causes. Current understanding of etiopathological aspects of optical neuropathy does not provide an effective treatment protocol. In this article we discuss existing treatment methods, and their effectiveness, evaluated depending on disease etiology.

Pallidal 1/f asymmetry in patients with cervical dystonia.

Lateralized differences in pallidal outflow are putatively linked to asymmetric tonic contractions of the neck muscles in cervical dystonia (CD). At the population level, the interhemispheric asymmetry has been traditionally studied for the estimation of the spectral power in specified frequency bands. Broadband spectral features, however, were not taken into consideration.

[Clinical features and diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency followed complex treatment nonpituitary brain tumors].

Background: The most of the current studies include patients who are different by the etiology of secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI), or investigate SAI among other late effects of the radiation therapy.

Aims: To describe the features of SAI and to select the best method of screening SAI in adult patients followed complex treatment of nonpituitary brain tumors in childhood.

Materials And Methods: It was the retrospective cross-sectional study.

[The glucagon test in diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency after craniospinal irradiation: the feasibility of application, the features of performing the test, and its diagnostic informativity].

Background: The glucagon test (GT) is a promising alternative to the insulin hypoglycemia test (IHT) in diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI).

Aim: To study the feasibility of using the GT in patients after craniospinal irradiation and to determine the cut-off value to rule out SAI.

Methods: A total of 28 patients (14 males and 14 females) with the median age of 19 years (17; 23) who had undergone combination treatment (surgery, craniospinal irradiation (35 Gy) with boost to the tumor bed, and polychemotherapy) of extrapituitary brain tumors no later than 2 years before study initiation and 10 healthy volunteers of matching sex and age were examined.

Pallidal Activity in Cervical Dystonia with and Without Head Tremor.

The relationship between two common movement disorders, dystonia and tremor, is controversial. Both deficits have correlates in the network that includes connections between the cerebellum and the basal ganglia. In order to assess the physiological relationship between tremor and dystonia, we measured the activity of 727 pallidal single-neurons during deep brain stimulation surgery in patients with cervical dystonia without head oscillations, cervical dystonia plus jerky oscillations, and cervical dystonia with sinusoidal oscillations.

Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Approach in Treatment of Germinomas of the Chiasmosellar Region.

Introduction: Germinogenic central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent a heterogeneous group of tumors, constituting approximately 0.4% of all primary brain tumors. Removal of the tumor has no prognostic value.

Inline cartridge extraction for rapid brain tumor tissue identification by molecular profiling.

The development of perspective diagnostic techniques in medicine requires efficient high-throughput biological sample analysis methods. Here, we present an inline cartridge extraction that facilitates the screening rate of mass spectrometry shotgun lipidomic analysis of tissue samples. We illustrate the method by its application to tumor tissue identification in neurosurgery.

Surgical Simulation of a Posttraumatic Spinal Cord Glial Scar in Rats.

We developed and verified an original, minimally invasive method for surgical simulation of a posttraumatic spinal cord glial scar in rats. The model is intended for use as a biological platform for testing the stimulation of regenerative processes in the central nervous system. Unification of the model enables one to achieve versatility both for implantation techniques and for the development of system-action approaches.