[Preclinical toxicological study of theraphthal-Lio and binary catalytic system "theraphthal-Lio+ascorbic acid"].

Pre-clinical toxicologic studies were conducted of a new drug teraphtal-Lio (TPh) and a teraphtal-Lio + ascorbic acid (TPh + AA) catalytic system recommended for binary catalytic therapy of malignant tumors. Quantitative criteria for "acute" and "chronic" toxicity of TPh and TPh + AA were established, which describe their toxic effects in single or multiple application. The coefficient of specific sensitivity and cumulation index for TPh and TPh + AA were determined.

[DNA flow cytometry in the prognostication of certain malignant neoformations].

The study has been concerned with DNA ploidy and its significance for prognosis of different neoplasms. The investigation included 314 patients: primary cancer of the lung (96), head and neck (146) and large bowel (72). Patients received surgery alone or surgery plus either radiotherapy or chemotherapy; they were followed up for 6-20 months.

[Nitrullin -- a new original Russian drug of the nitrosomethylurea group].

Hematologic thrombopenia and leukopenia formation limits use of nitrullin as a toxic hazard. The drug showed moderate effect in treating inoperable non-small cell cancer of the lung and satisfactory end results. The treatment had marked symptomatic effect in patients with this cancer and, as a consequence, improved the quality of life.

[Aranoza -- a new Russian antineoplastic drug].

Myelosuppression is a toxicity-related limitation for aranoza dosage. The drug proved effective in the treatment of uterine sarcoma, cancer of the head and neck, breast, Hodgkin's disease and lymphosarcoma during stage II of clinical studies. Complete regression was reported in the treatment of melanoma (ca.

[Factors for individualization of treating postoperative wound complications in stomach cancer patients].

Since gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms constitute at present the largest fraction of microflora in surgical patients, the chances of their translocation from the intestines due to impaired anticolonization resistance of the body are becoming stronger. Evidence is presented to demonstrate the dynamics of postoperative infestation of wounds in patients operated on for stomach cancer.

[Comparative study of cytosolic proteins in normal and neoplastic ovaries by polyacrylamide electrophoresis].

The report discusses the data on cytoplasmic protein occurrence in ovarian tissue (106) obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They were identified in normal ovarian tissue (15), benign tumor (16), primary malignant tumor (55) and tumor tissue after chemotherapy (20). A band was detected in the area of molecular 36 cD in malignant epithelial tumor tissue which was not seen in either normal, benign tumor tissue or after successful chemotherapy.

[Epidemiology of occupational neoplasms in the printing industry].

The paper presents the findings of the first Russian study of possible cancer risks in printing workers. For the first time, the historical cohort study included women. The cohort comprised 1,553 males and 3,473 females who were followed up for 15 years (01/01/79-12/31/93).

[A novel immunoregulating hexapeptide with antineoplastic effect].

A synthesized analog of myelopeptide HP-2-->M[symbol: see text]-2 (Leu-Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp) caused a significant (60-80%) and prolonged inhibition of s.c. grafted tumors P388, Ca-755, B-16 and sarcoma 180 in isogenic mice but did not affect the growth of tumor B-16 in nude mice.

[Role of phosphatidylinositol signalling path in developing hormonal resistance in tumor cells].

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a key regulatory protein which is responsible for anti-apoptotic signal transduction regulating cell survival during exposure to damaging factors. The report deals with the role of the PI3K signaling pathway in regulating cellular response to hormones and, particularly, in development of resistance as a result of long-term exposure of cells to steroid cytostatic hormones. In our study, even a short-term exposure of transformed fibroblasts of hamster (line 2PK) resulted in an activation of main PI3K effectors (MAP-kinase and protein kinase B (PKB)) which appeared against the background of hormone-induced inhibition of cellular growth.

[Hormones, autocrine and paracrine regulators of tumor growth in osteosarcoma].

The data on 300 patients, aged 14-56, treated at the Center's Clinic have been evaluated. They include findings on androgen metabolism, basal level of secretion of sex steroid hormones in blood serum and their receptors in tumor, blood concentrations of sex steroids, binding globulin and pituitary hormones, arachidonic acid metabolism, expression of epidermal growth factor and its receptors and ligands, soluble Fas-antigen, vascular endothelial growth factor as well as calmodulin and cAMP levels in sarcoma. New trends of research in pathogenetic methods of treatment of osteosarcomas used in practice of oncology have been identified.

[Specifics of diagnosis in primary-multiple synchronous tumors of the head and neck].

The data of 100 case histories of primary-multiple synchronous malignancies of the head and neck have been analyzed. A second tumor was not detected during examination of the first one in every third case. The presence of tumor and pain were reported mostly by patients with neoplasms of the tongue, oral mucosa and, less frequently, laryngopharynx.

[Conservative therapy for early-stage breast cancer].

An evaluation of the data on the treatment of 298 cases of breast cancer (stages IIa and IIb) showed that a reduced frequency of loco-regional recurrences, after post-operative irradiation as a component of conservative therapy, was followed by improvement in quality of life. This was particularly apparent in patients with pT2pN1 tumors. It was also found that after extended dissection of axillary lymph nodes at all three levels, a dose of 50 Gy was sufficient without additional irradiation of the cicatrix.

[Use of artificial magnetic field for rehabilitation of children with malignant tumors].

Local complications of standard intravenous injections for chemotherapy and due to error of administration were compared in 400 patients (200 of them children) and general wound pathologies described. Treatment for wounds included two modalities: standard medication and alternating or pulsating magnetic field. Magnetic therapy proved highly effective: wound healing was 3-3.

[Ultrasonography in the comprehensive diagnosis and evaluation of treatment effectiveness in retroperitoneal neuroblastoma in children].

Neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma of adrenal (17) and extra-organ (60) origin and retroperitoneal extra-organ neoplasia (18), infrequent in childhood, were identified in 109 children referred to the Institute's Clinic with diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumor. Ultrasound characteristics of retroperitoneal tumors of the sympathetic nervous system and predictive value of ultrasound for involvement of adjacent organs and vessels were defined and classified. Similar criteria for differential diagnosis between retroperitoneal neuro- and ganglioblastoma and rare pediatric retroperitoneal tumors were worked out.

[Low-intensity laser therapy in pediatric oncology].

Application of low-intensity laser radiotherapy (LILR) allowed to cut down time needed for management of radiation injury and chemotherapy complications in pediatric patients 1.5-2-fold. It was shown that exposure to LIILR caused mononuclear (MN) levels of donors' blood to rise which in turn led to release, in higher concentrations, of IL-1 and FNO cytokins, major factors of immune response development.

[Evaluation of myorelaxant drug action in surgery for pediatric oncopathologies].

Neuro-muscular transmission was studied in 100 children operated on for retroperitoneal and mediastinal tumors using the TOF-Guard accelograph. The device was instrumental in cutting down intubation time, monitoring neuro-muscular transmission system (NMTS), predicting the point of transmission recovery and making extubation possible. NMTS monitoring established such advantages of continuous myorelaxant infusion as lower rate of drug administration and lower total dose; the latter is important to avoid drug cumulation.

[Histiocytosis-related proliferative disorders in children].

Differential diagnosis was established by complex morphological examination in 290 pediatric patients with Langerhans cell, sinus or malignant histiocytosis. An immunologic study was performed in one-third of patients. Clinical symptoms and results of therapy are presented.

[Diagnosis and therapy of rhabdomyosarcoma in children].

An analysis of 24-month relapse-free survival in 62 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (S.I.O.

[Metastatic lung tumors in children (clinical course, diagnosis, prognosis)].

According to data available at the Institute (1985-1999, approx. 1,200 patients), the lung is the most frequent site of cancer dissemination (up to 75%). Such most frequent pediatric children tumors as Wilms' tumor, neuroblastoma, rhabdosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma and that of Ewing disseminate to lung in 85%, particularly, at advanced stages.

[Preliminary results of the study of physical health parameters in people treated for retroperitoneal neoplasms in childhood].

Physical status of 172 former cases of retroperitoneal tumors was investigated. As a result of treatment for cancer, former patients revealed changes in the urinary (62.5%), cardiovascular (25%) systems and gastrointestinal tract (71.

[Radiologic diagnosis of malignant tumors of the pelvic bones in children].

An analysis of the data on radiodiagnosis of malignancies of pelvic bones in 50 patients, aged 10-15, is presented. Diagnosis was morphologically confirmed in all the cases: Ewing's sarcoma (41)--82%, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (6)--12% and chondrosarcoma (3)--6%. The leading clinical syndrome was pain in the loin.

[[Antioxidant defense status of children in the early post-operative period in Wilms' tumor] ].

Lipid peroxidation (LP) was studied in 85 patients, aged 1-14, with Wilms tumor (stage II-IV). In addition to standard infusions, patients of group I received ascorbic acid (AA) 15 mg/body weight postoperatively while, in group II, AA 25-35 mg/body was supplemented with alpha-tocopherol 1.4-1.

[High-dose thiotepa chemotherapy in children].

High-dose thiotepa (800-900 mg/m2) polychemotherapy following combined treatment resulted in high toxicity and lethality. 600 mg/m2 proved optimal for double-conditioning regimens since it exerted antitumor effect without causing fatal complications.

[Methodological approaches to the study of the carcinogenic properties of substances].

Since the methods of investigation of carcinogenicity of different agents have changed drastically, relevant manuals need to be revised and supplemented. A new concept of carcinogenic agents evaluation, criteria for their selection and study are discussed. Working out of criteria for establishing priorities of hazardous substance selection is of vital importance.

[The biochemical markers of bone remodeling in cancer patients with skeletal involvement].

The report discusses a study of pyridinoline (Pyd) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpyd) as biochemical markers of bone resorption as well as total bone alkaline phosphatase level (APh) and that of its bone fraction as criteria of osteogenesis in skeletal lesions in breast, prostate and lung cancer and multiple myeloma. The investigation established a significantly enhanced Pyd and Dpyd excretion with urine and increased blood-serum APh levels in skeletal cancers (n = 271) as compared with healthy subjects (n = 173) and patients without bone metastases (n = 94). A case has been made for determination of total excretion of Pyd crosslinks of collagen to diagnose bone metastases.