51 results match your criteria: "N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre[Affiliation]"

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease of synovial joints which is highly prevalent in dogs and results in lameness, loss of joint function and mobility, chronic pain, and reduced quality of life. Traditional OA management consist of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and remains challenging because of significant side effects, thus there is an urgent need for new effective and safe therapeutics for OA.

Methods: Here we present the results of our one-arm open-label pilot clinical study of our novel biologics, a DNA plasmid encoding SQSTM/p62, in 17 companion dogs suffering from OA.

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Article Synopsis
  • - This study explored the impact of AI-assisted contouring on radiation oncologists' (ROs) efficiency and accuracy in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), addressing a gap in previously concentrated research from high-income nations.
  • - Ninety-seven ROs were divided into groups using either manual or AI-assisted methods for contouring organs-at-risk (OARs) in two head-and-neck cancer cases, with teaching sessions evaluating their effects on contour quality and time.
  • - Findings showed that AI-assisted contouring improved contour quality for several OARs and significantly reduced contouring time, suggesting that it is a safe and effective method, although further clinical trials are needed to fully validate these results.
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Introduction: Fertility-sparing treatment (FST) for patients with cervical cancer intends to achieve oncologic outcomes comparable to those after radical treatment while maximizing reproductive outcomes, including the ability to conceive and minimizing the risk of prematurity.

Methodology: International multicentre retrospective FERTISS study focused on patients treated with FST analysed timing of FST relative to pregnancy, conception attempts and methods, abortion rates, prophylactic procedures reducing the risk of severe prematurity, pregnancy duration, and delivery mode.

Results: Of the 733 patients treated at 44 centres in 13 countries, 49.

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Background And Aims: There is an increased risk of lymphomas in inborn errors of immunity (IEI); however, germline genetic testing is rarely used in oncological patients, even in those with early onset of cancer. Our study focuses on a child with a recombination-activating gene 1 () deficiency who was identified through a screening program for Slavic founder genetic variants among patients who died with malignancy at an early age in Belarus.

Results: We identified one homozygous founder variant out of 24 available DNA samples from 71 patients who developed lymphoma aged <3 years from the Belarusian cancer registry between 1986 and 2023.

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Background: The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ELENAGEN, a novel anticancer therapeutic DNA plasmid encoding p62/SQSTM1 protein, as an adjuvant to chemotherapy with gemcitabine (GEM) in patients with advanced platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.

Methods: This open-label prospective randomized study with two arms. GEM (1000 mg/m) on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks was administered in both arms: in the Chemo arm (n = 20), GEM was the only treatment, and in the ELENAGEN arm (n = 20), GEM was supplemented with ELENAGEN (2.

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Background: Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) countries have higher cervical and breast cancer mortality rates and later stage at diagnosis compared with the rest of WHO European Region. The aim was to explore current early detection practices including "dispensarization" for breast and cervix cancer in the region.

Methods: A questionnaire survey on early detection practices for breast and cervix cancer was sent to collaborators in 11 countries, differentiating services in the primary health setting, and population-based programs.

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Article Synopsis
  • Cancer immunity relies on the interactions among various immune cells within tumor tissue, and identifying immune signatures can help predict disease progression more accurately.
  • A study analyzed 1481 tumor samples to develop an immune activation signature (SIA) by assessing CD8 and macrophages, showing its prognostic value across several cancer types and its applicability in predicting patient survival.
  • The SIA, represented as a CD8A to C1QA mRNA ratio, proved to be a reliable marker for response to immunotherapy, illustrating its potential as a clinical tool in managing cancers like colorectal and lung adenocarcinomas.
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Background: Fertility-sparing treatment in patients with cervical cancer should, in principle, follow identical algorithms to that in patients without future reproductive plans. In recent years, a trend toward nonradical procedures, such as conization or simple trachelectomy, has become apparent in medical literature, because of their associations with better pregnancy outcomes. However, the published reports included small numbers of patients and heterogenous treatment strategies to ascertain the safety of such approaches.

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Background: Patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) have a high risk of progression to metastatic disease, particularly if their prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) is ≤6 mo. However, patients remain at a high risk with a PSADT of >6 mo.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of darolutamide versus placebo in patients stratified by PSADT >6 or ≤6 mo.

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Background: Germ cell tumors (GCTs) may occur from the neonatal period to late adulthood, characterized by extensive clinical and pathologic heterogeneity. MicroRNAs are a family of small noncoding RNAs that regulate a wide array of biological processes including carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs may be used for many purposes in clinical diagnostics.

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Comparative pathological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma with second primary non-thyroid malignancies in the region affected by the Chernobyl accident.

Pathol Res Pract

December 2021

School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia. Electronic address:

The aim was to study the pathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma diagnosed with or before second primary malignancy in patients exposed to post-Chernobyl exposure. The patients selected (n = 6559) were those exposed to radiation at the age of ≤ 18 years old and developed papillary thyroid carcinoma during the years 1990-2020. Of these, 2.

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Childhood papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) diagnosed after the Chernobyl accident in Belarus displayed a high frequency of gene rearrangements and low frequency of point mutations. Since 2001, only sporadic thyroid cancer occurs in children aged up to 14 years but its molecular characteristics have not been reported. Here, we determine the major oncogenic events in PTC from non-exposed Belarusian children and assess their clinicopathological correlations.

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Background: In the ARAMIS trial, darolutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) versus placebo plus ADT significantly improved metastasis-free survival (MFS), overall survival (OS) and time to pain progression in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC). Herein, we present analyses of patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes.

Patients And Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial randomised patients with nmCRPC and prostate-specific antigen doubling time ≤10 months to darolutamide 600 mg (n = 955) twice daily or matched placebo (n = 554) while continuing ADT.

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Purpose: Equivalent efficacy was demonstrated for the biosimilar CT-P6 and trastuzumab following neoadjuvant therapy for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive early breast cancer. Following adjuvant treatment, efficacy and safety were comparable between treatments. We report updated safety and efficacy data after up to 3 years' follow-up.

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This is a report from the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology State-of-the-Art Virtual Meeting held December 14-16, 2020. The unique 3-day conference offered comprehensive state-of-the-art summaries on the major advances in the treatment of different types of gynecological cancers. Sessions opened with a case presentation followed by a keynote lecture and interactive debates with opinion leaders in the field.

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Background: The development of a reactive tumour stroma is a hallmark of tumour progression and pronounced tumour stroma is generally considered to be associated with clinical aggressiveness. The variability between tumour types regarding stroma fraction, and its prognosis associations, have not been systematically analysed.

Methods: Using an objective machine-learning method we quantified the tumour stroma in 16 solid cancer types from 2732 patients, representing retrospective tissue collections of surgically resected primary tumours.

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Purpose: Since the development of the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) risk classification in a 1997 study, high-income countries have reported a significant increase in survival for poor prognosis patients. There are scant data on IGCCCG risk-stratified survival from low- and middle-income countries. We assessed the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates in a contemporary cohort of Belarusian patients with advanced germ cell cancer (GCC) stratified by the IGCCCG prognostic classification and analyzed prognostic factors for survival.

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Background: Real-world data describing outcomes of treatment among metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients are limited and heterogeneous.

Aim: RENSUR3 registry study assessed real-world data on the use of therapies in mRCC and overall survival (OS) in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Belarus.

Methods: Patients were included in the retrospective multicenter registry study.

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Background: ESGO (European Society of Gynaecological Oncology) and partners are continually improving the developmental opportunities for gynaecological oncology fellows. The objectives of this survey were to evaluate the progress in the infrastructure of the training systems in Europe over the past decade. We also evaluated training and assessment techniques, the perceived relevance of ENYGO (European Network of Young Gynaecological Oncologists) initiatives, and unmet needs of trainees.

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Background: Second primary malignancy in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma after Chernobyl accident is an emerging problem. The aims of the study are to investigate the rates and distribution of second primary malignant tumours in Belarus survivors of post-Chernobyl papillary thyroid carcinoma and the cumulative rate of developing a second primary malignancy in a group of patients with metachronous second primaries.

Methods: Patients aged 18 or younger at the time of Chernobyl accident who were diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma after 1986 were identified from the Belarus Cancer Registry.

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Even 30 years after the accident, an association between breast cancer incidence and ionizing radiation exposure from Chernobyl fallout remains uncertain. We studied breast cancer incidence in the most contaminated regions of Belarus (Gomel and Mogilev) and Ukraine (Kyiv, Zhytomyr and Chernihiv) before (1978-1986) and after (1987-2016) the accident. Breast cancer cases and female population size data were received from the national cancer registries and the state departments of statistics.

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Purpose: Patients with hematuria and renal colic often undergo CT scanning. The purpose of our study was to assess variations in CT protocols and radiation doses for evaluation of hematuria and urinary stones in 20 countries.

Method: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) surveyed practices in 51 hospitals from 20 countries in the European region according to the IAEA Technical cooperation classification and obtained following information for three CT protocols (urography, urinary stones, and routine abdomen-pelvis CT) for 1276 patients: patient information (weight, clinical indication), scanner information (scan vendor, scanner name, number of detector rows), scan parameters (such as number of phases, scan start and end locations, mA, kV), and radiation dose descriptors (CTDI, DLP).

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Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

JAMA Oncol

May 2020

International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale.

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