Retinoblastoma Outcomes Based on the 8th Edition American Joint Committee on Cancer Pathological Classification in 1411 Patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of retinoblastoma (RB) based on the 8 edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) pathological classification in a global cohort of patients.

Design: Retrospective, multicenter, intercontinental, collaborative study.

Participants: A total of 1411 patients.

[Forensic characteristic of damages caused by offensive grenades detonation].

Objective: To determine the specific morphological features of damages on the cloth and biological simulator of the human body in the detonation of RGD-5 and RGN fragmentation hand offensive grenades.

Material And Methods: The study was carried out on the 12 targets from a biological simulator of the human body wrapped in cotton cloth by detonation of examined grenades at a distance of 50 cm and 1 m from the target.

Results: The character and features of damages of cloth and human body biological simulator, features of soot deposition made it possible to determine specific signs for each of examined offensive grenades types.

Computer Vision for Assessing Surgical Movements in Neurosurgery.

Objective evaluation of microsurgical technique quality is vital for successful training in neurosurgery. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of automatically detecting a neurosurgeon's proper posture and hand positioning using computer vision. We employed the RTMPose neural network model to identify key anatomical points in the neurosurgeon's projection and calculated various angles formed by connecting these points.

[Relationship between cognitive status and other geriatric syndromes in patients aged 65 years and older with chronic heart failure.].

This article presents the incidence of geriatric syndromes in patients with chronic heart failure 65 years of age and older, depending on cognitive status. At the Russian gerontological center, 149 people with confirmed chronic heart failure were selected according to the European criteria of 2021. In this sample, 50,3% of patients had mild cognitive impairment, and 17,5% had severe cognitive impairment.

The impact of inhalation versus total intravenous anesthesia on the immune status in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery: a double-blind randomized clinical trial (TeMP).

Background: Breast cancer (BC) mortality primarily stems from metastases rather than the primary tumor itself. Perioperative stress, encompassing both surgical and anesthetic factors, profoundly impacts the immune system, leading to alterations in neuroendocrine pathways and immune functions, potentially facilitating tumor progression and metastasis. Understanding the immunomodulatory effects of different anesthesia techniques is crucial for optimizing perioperative care in patients with BC.

GLUT5-overexpression-related tumorigenic implications.

Glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5) overexpression has gained increasing attention due to its profound implications for tumorigenesis. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the key findings and implications associated with GLUT5 overexpression in cancer. GLUT5 has been found to be upregulated in various cancer types, leading to alterations in fructose metabolism and enhanced glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen, a hallmark of cancer cells.

BODIPY in Alzheimer's disease diagnostics: A review.

Timely diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer's disease remains one of the greatest questions in medicinal chemistry of neurodegenerative disease. The lack of low-cost sensors capable of reliable detection of structural changes in AD-related proteins is the driving factor for the development of novel molecules with affinity for AD hallmarks. The development of cheap, safe diagnostic methods is a highly sought-after area of research.

Supplementation of a High-Fat Diet with Pentadecylresorcinol Increases the Representation of in the Mouse Small and Large Intestines and May Protect against Complications Caused by Imbalanced Nutrition.

Imbalanced nutrition, such as a high-fat/high-carbohydrate diet, is associated with negative effects on human health. The composition and metabolic activity of the human gut microbiota are closely related to the type of diet and have been shown to change significantly in response to changes in food content and food supplement administration. Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are lipophilic molecules that have been found to improve lipid metabolism and glycemic control and decrease systemic inflammation.

The Obesogenic Gut Microbiota as a Crucial Factor Defining the Depletion of Predicted Enzyme Abundance for Vitamin B12 Synthesis in the Mouse Intestine.

Currently, obesity is a critical global public health burden. Numerous studies have demonstrated the regulation of the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic abnormalities by the gut microbiota and microbial factors; however, their involvement in the various degrees of obesity is not yet well understood. Previously, obesity has been shown to be associated with decreased levels of vitamin B12.

[Experience with the use of bacteriophages in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, complicated by recurrent lower urinary tract infection].

Clinical cases of three patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, complicated by chronic urinary tract infection are presented in the article. All patients underwent clean intermittent catheterization and, in order to prevent symptomatic lower urinary tract infections, received bacteriophage therapy with a clinically proven positive effect. During 3 months follow-up, there were no episodes of urinary tract infection.

[Nephroprotective value of N-acetylcysteine for patients with concomitant trauma, as well as other aspects of the use of this drug in clinical practice].

An analysis and review of domestic and foreign literature on the role of N-acetylcysteine in the correction of oxidative stress, as well as the problem of oxidative stress, and protection against free radicals are presented in the article. The important role of N-acetylcysteine in replenishing the intracellular glutathione level, which is the main cell antioxidant, has been shown, as well as the potential use of N-acetylcysteine for various pathological conditions and diseases. The relevance of concomitant injury and renal dysfunction, and the experience of the clinical use of N-acetylcysteine as a nephroprotector in patients with concomitant injury in the clinic of the Department of Faculty and Endoscopic Surgery of KBSU named after Kh.

[The interdisciplinary approach as tool of pharmaceutical education of children: from theory to practice].

The pharmaceutical literacy is a necessary element of ensuring quality of human life that is to be formed at early age. The article demonstrates that key direction of development of health literacy is pharmaceutical education involving pharmaceutical workers. The necessity of development of pharmaceutical literacy in children through involvement into process of pharmaceutical education pedagogues and parents/legal representatives of child.

[Changes in the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids under the influence of various factors in healthy people and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are an important link in the maintenance and normalization of some important body functions. Recently, the metabolic component of the SCFAs effects has also been actively studied; the effect on body weight, insulin resistance and glycemia is of particular interest in the context of the prevention and treatment of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. In this regard, it is relevant to study the characteristics of SCFAs' production in patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism, mainly with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Systemic and local immunosuppression in glioblastoma and its prognostic significance.

The effectiveness of tumor therapy, especially immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy, critically depends on the activity of the host immune cells. However, various local and systemic mechanisms of immunosuppression operate in cancer patients. Tumor-associated immunosuppression involves deregulation of many components of immunity, including a decrease in the number of T lymphocytes (lymphopenia), an increase in the levels or ratios of circulating and tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive subsets [e.

IL-4 regulates neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation in a mouse model of bronchial asthma.

Neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation in asthmatics substantially exacerbates the severity of the disease leading to resistance to conventional corticosteroid therapy. Many studies established the involvement of Th1- and Th17-cells and cytokines produced by them (IFNg, IL-17A, IL-17F etc.) in neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation.

[Primary Generalized Glucocorticoid Resistance: a case report].

Primary glucocorticoid resistance (OMIM 615962) is a rare endocrinologic condition caused by resistance of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) to glucocorticoids (GR) and characterised by general or partial insensitivity of target organs to GK. Compensatory activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-andrenal axis results in development of a various pathological conditions caused by overstimulation of adrenal glands. Clinical spectrum may range from asymptomatic cases to severe cases of mineralocorticoid and/or androgen excess.

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome with Bilateral Gonadal Sertoli Cell Lesions, Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor, and Paratesticular Leiomyoma: A Case Report and First Systematic Literature Review.

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a rare Mendelian disorder caused by mutations of the androgen receptor () gene on the long arm of the X chromosome. As a result of the mutation, the receptor becomes resistant to androgens, and hence, karyotypically male patients (46,XY) carry a female phenotype. Their cryptorchid gonads are prone to the development of several types of tumors (germ cell, sex cord stromal, and others).

Energy Metabolites and Indicative Significance of α-Ketoglutarate and α-Ketoglutaramate in Assessing the Progression of Chronic Hepatoencephalopathy.

In the example of a rat model with chronic hepatoencephalopathy (HE), changes in the organ morphology of rats affect the balance of metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and metabolites of the glutamine-glutamate (Gln-Glu) cycle, namely α-ketoglutarate (αKG) and α-ketoglutaramate (αKGM), as well as the enzymes associated with them, ω-amidase (ωA) and glutamine transaminase (GTK). This model of rats was obtained as a result of 2-22 weeks of consumption by animals of hepatotoxin thioacetamide (TAA) added to drinking water at a concentration of 0.4 g/L.

The need for paradigm shift: prognostic significance and implications of standard therapy-related systemic immunosuppression in glioblastoma for immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy.

Despite significant advances in our knowledge regarding the genetics and molecular biology of gliomas over the past two decades and hundreds of clinical trials, no effective therapeutic approach has been identified for adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma, and overall survival remains dismal. Great hopes are now placed on combination immunotherapy. In clinical trials, immunotherapeutics are generally tested after standard therapy (radiation, temozolomide, and steroid dexamethasone) or concurrently with temozolomide and/or steroids.

Age-related Disparities in Pan-Cancer Mortality and Causes of Death: Analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Data.

Comprehensive analysis of mortality and causes of death (COD) in cancers was of importance to conduct intervention strategies. The current study aimed to investigate the mortality rate and COD among cancers, and to explore the disparities between age. Initially, cancer patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database were extracted.

[Problems of ethyl glucuronide use in ethanol consumption diagnosis].

Quantitative determination of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in different biological objects in recent years has been positioned as one of the most reliable biomarkers of unconditional alcohol consumption. The aim of the study is to summarize the analytical methods of alcohol consumption testing with the use of EtG currently available in domestic and foreign literature and to present a schematic overview of possible errors in reproducibility and interpretation of research on EtG results, which may limit their use in forensic medical practice. The main objective is to increase the reliability and validity of EtG as a marker of ethanol consumption.

Prognostic value of baseline and interim [F]FDG PET metabolic parameters in pediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Background: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in pediatric populations has a high survival rate but poses risks for long-term morbidities. Although [F]fluoro‑2‑deoxy‑2‑d‑glucose positron emission tomography ([F]FDG PET) scans offer potential for improved risk stratification, the definitive prognostic value of quantitative [F]FDG PET parameters remains unclear for pediatric HL.

Methods: A single-center, retrospective study included pediatric patients diagnosed with HL between 2016 and 2023 treated according to EuroNet-PHL-C1 and DAL/GPOH-HD protocols.

Dopamine Synthesis in the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic System in Patients at Risk of Developing Parkinson's Disease at the Prodromal Stage.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is diagnosed by the onset of motor symptoms and treated long after its onset. Therefore, the development of the early diagnosis of PD is a priority for neurology. Advanced methodologies for this include (1) searching for patients at risk of developing prodromal PD based on premotor symptoms; (2) searching for changes in the body fluids in these patients as diagnostic biomarkers; (3) verifying the diagnosis of prodromal PD and diagnostic-value biomarkers using positron emission tomography (PET); (4) anticipating the development of motor symptoms.

Diagnostics of Mutations in Intracranial Chondroid Tumors: Comparison of Molecular Genetic Methods and Immunohistochemistry.

Intracranial chondroid tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by the presence of a cartilage matrix. These tumors exhibit overlapping clinical and histological features. Mutations in genes serve as important diagnostic markers of tumor type, particularly chondrosarcoma.