The Balance of Ketoacids α-Ketoglutarate and α-Ketoglutaramate Reflects the Degree of the Development of Hepatoencephalopathy in Rats.

Hepatoencephalopathy (HE) is a liver disease that can lead to brain pathology and the impairment of human cognitive abilities. The objective assessment of HE disease severity is difficult due to the lack of reliable diagnostic markers. This paper examines the background to the emergence of HE markers and provides a brief overview of research results indicating the diagnostic value of potential markers isolated from a wide range of metabolites analyzed.

Advancements in Minimally Invasive Techniques and Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Endometrial Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Novel Diagnostic Approaches and Clinical Implications.

This review evaluates the advances in the early detection and diagnosis of endometrial cancer (EC), emphasizing the growing importance of minimally invasive techniques and novel biomarkers. Current diagnostic protocols for EC rely heavily on invasive procedures such as transvaginal ultrasound (TVU), hysteroscopy, and endometrial biopsy, which, although effective, can be overly burdensome for patients and inefficient for asymptomatic or low-risk populations. As there is no consensus on EC screening in high-risk or general populations, recent studies have explored alternative methods using biofluids and genomic biomarkers to improve sensitivity and specificity and facilitate access for patients.

[Theory of formation of the postmortem muscle contraction ridge during mechanical stimulation of skeletal muscles].

The study aimed to develop a theory of the formation of the postmortem muscle contraction ridge with mechanical stimulation of skeletal muscles. We determined the distribution of stress arising in the muscle as a result of a local impact. No muscle contraction ridge developed in the series of 10 experiments, where Gd was impregnated into muscle tissue using electrophoresis before the test for idiomuscular contracture.

[Morphofunctional characteristics of the endometrium in patients of reproductive age with chronic salpingo-oophoritis].

Unlabelled: Currently, chronic salpingo-oophoritis (CS) is still an urgent problem in the statistics of diseases of the female genital organs. In 35% of women, its course leads to disorder of the fallopian tubes patency and infertility. An additional indirect mechanism of infertility can be the morpho-functional failure of the endometrium.

Human Cytochrome P450 Cancer-Related Metabolic Activities and Gene Polymorphisms: A Review.

Background: Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are heme-containing oxidoreductase enzymes with mono-oxygenase activity. Human CYPs catalyze the oxidation of a great variety of chemicals, including xenobiotics, steroid hormones, vitamins, bile acids, procarcinogens, and drugs.

Findings: In our review article, we discuss recent data evidencing that the same CYP isoform can be involved in both bioactivation and detoxification reactions and convert the same substrate to different products.

[Cost-effectiveness of using rubidium-82 chloride perfusion PET for planning myocardial revascularization procedures].

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness, diagnostic accuracy, clinical outcomes, and radiation exposure associated with rubidium-82 chloride perfusion PET.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search up to October 2024 was conducted to identify key studies assessing the use of rubidium-82 chloride perfusion PET/CT in ischemic heart disease (IHD). These studies included economic analyses, evaluations of diagnostic accuracy, and comparisons with other imaging modalities such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), stress echocardiography, and invasive coronary angiography.

[The becoming and development of the academic subject and scientific discipline "Public Health and Organization of Health Care". Report II (1963/1964-2023/2024) (to the Centenary of the Academician Yu. P. Lisitsyn Chair of public health and health care)].

The article considers formation of academic subject and scientific discipline "Public Health and Organization of Health Care" in Russia during 1963-2023. The role of Yu. P.

[On the issue of determining notions "medical malpractice", "yatrogeny" and "defect of medical care": social legal aspects].

The article considers social legal aspects of concepts of "medical error", "iatrogenesis", "defect of medical care" in view of absence of their clear definition and understanding in public and professional communities. The usage of these concepts is distinguished by chronological continuity that is conditioned by influence of approaches existed at different stages. On the basis of analysis of scientific publications and normative legal base their genesis and peculiarities of definition are demonstrated.

[Studying the possibility of using methods for assessing expressive speech developmental disorders in children 3-6 years old].

Objective: To study the possibility of using methods (DP-3, speech therapy examination, neuropsychological study) to assess expressive speech development disorders in children aged 3 to 6 years inclusive.

Material And Methods: The study included 60 children with expressive speech disorder aged 3 to 6 years. At the initial stage, linguistic validation of the questionnaire was carried out according to generally accepted recommendations.

[Vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly and its associations with geriatric syndromes].

Objective: To assess the frequency of geriatric syndromes (GS) and their relationship with vitamin B deficiency in elderly patients.

Material And Methods: The study included 222 people aged 60 years and older, 78.8% were women admitted to the geriatric ward as planned.

A Neurosurgical Instrument Segmentation Approach to Assess Microsurgical Movements.

The ability to recognize anatomical landmarks, microsurgical instruments, and complex scenes and events in a surgical wound using computer vision presents new opportunities for studying microsurgery effectiveness. In this study, we aimed to develop an artificial intelligence-based solution for detecting, segmenting, and tracking microinstruments using a neurosurgical microscope. We have developed a technique to process videos from microscope camera, which involves creating a segmentation mask for the instrument and subsequently tracking it.

[Recurrent varicocele: causes and treatment].

Introduction: Among the different options for varicocele surgery, microsurgical varicocelectomy demonstrates the best results, but a relapse is subsequently detected in 1-3% of cases. It was previously believed that the cause of recurrence lies in the presence of various sources of venous outflow from the testicle, but recent studies show that the collaterals of the gonadal vein are the main reason of recurrence.

Purpose Of The Study: to determine the leading cause of recurrence, to evaluate the effectiveness and optimal surgical tactics depending on the method of primary treatment.

[Overactive bladder in the elderly].

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a syndrome consisting of urgency, usually accompanied by urinary frequency and nocturia, with or without urgent incontinence, in absence of a causative infection or pathological conditions. The prevalence of OAB is approximately 11-19% in both men and women, and leads to a significant negative effect on health-related quality of life. The prevalence of OAB increases with age.

[New Prospects for Conservative Treatment of Chronic Recurrent Cystitis in Women: Experience with the Drug Superlymph].

Introduction: Chronic recurrent cystitis is a common and difficult problem of modern urology. Traditional use of antimicrobial drugs often cannot lead to the long-term remission.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using different dosages and routes of the drug Superlymph in rectal and vaginal suppositories 10 U and 25 U in patients with chronic recurrent cystitis.

[Prevalence of urinary incontinence in people aged 65 years and older: results from the study EUCALYPTUS].

Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) is any involuntary leakage of urine. It is a common and distressing problem, which may have a large impact of quality of life.

Aim: To assess the prevalence of UI in people over the age of 65.

[Comparative analysis of patients with primary episode of urinary stones disease and recurrent urolithiasis after ureteroscopic interventions].

Unlabelled: Actuality. The incidence of urinary stone disease (USD) of the Russian Federation population has increased by approximately in 34,1% with manifestation at the age of 40 to 50 years. There is a high probability of recurrence with up to 50% experiencing a recurrence within 5 years.

[SOURCES AND CONSEQUENCES OF HIGH SALT CONSUMPTION IN MOSCOW: A STUDY OF DIETARY HABITS].

The aim of this study was to examine the level of salt consumption among various population groups in Moscow. The study was conducted using the 24-hour dietary recall method (24hDR) and the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) over the course of one year. The results showed that 49.

Non-immunogenic recombinant staphylokinase versus alteplase for patients with massive pulmonary embolism: a randomized open-label, multicenter, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial, FORPE.

Background: Non-immunogenic staphylokinase is a modified recombinant staphylokinase with low immunogenicity, high thrombolytic activity, and fibrin selectivity.

Objectives: To assess the safety and efficacy of a single intravenous bolus of non-immunogenic staphylokinase compared with those of alteplase in patients with massive pulmonary embolism and hemodynamic instability.

Methods: A randomized, open-label, multicenter, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial, the FORPE (FORtelyzin Pulmionary Embolism), was conducted in Russia.

Beta-Amyloid and Its Asp7 Isoform: Morphological and Aggregation Properties and Effects of Intracerebroventricular Administration.

Background/objectives: One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of aggregated beta-amyloid (Aβ) protein in the form of senile plaques within brain tissue. Senile plaques contain various post-translational modifications of Aβ, including prevalent isomerization of Asp7 residue. The Asp7 isomer has been shown to exhibit increased neurotoxicity and induce amyloidogenesis in brain tissue of transgenic mice.

Brain-Computer Interfaces with Intracortical Implants for Motor and Communication Functions Compensation: Review of Recent Developments.

Brain-computer interfaces allow the exchange of data between the brain and an external device, bypassing the muscular system. Clinical studies of invasive brain-computer interface technologies have been conducted for over 20 years. During this time, there has been a continuous improvement of approaches to neuronal signal processing in order to improve the quality of control of external devices.

The heterogeneity of aqueous solutions: the current situation in the context of experiment and theory.

The advancement of experimental methods has provided new information about the structure and structural fluctuations of water. Despite the appearance of numerous models, which aim to describe a wide range of thermodynamic and electrical characteristics of water, there is a deficit in systemic understanding of structuring in aqueous solutions. A particular challenge is the fact that even pure water is a heterogeneous, multicomponent system composed of molecular and supramolecular structures.

Membrane Activity and Viroporin Assembly for the SARS-CoV-2 E Protein Are Regulated by Cholesterol.

The SARS-CoV-2 E protein is an enigmatic viral structural protein with reported viroporin activity associated with the acute respiratory symptoms of COVID-19, as well as the ability to deform cell membranes for viral budding. Like many viroporins, the E protein is thought to oligomerize with a well-defined stoichiometry. However, attempts to determine the structure of the protein complex have yielded inconclusive results, suggesting several possible oligomers, ranging from dimers to pentamers.

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase systems: Diversity and plasticity for adaptive stress response.

Superfamily of cytochromes P450 (CYPs) is composed of heme-thiolate-containing monooxygenase enzymes, which play crucial roles in the biosynthesis, bioactivation, and detoxification of a variety of organic compounds, both endogenic and exogenic. Majority of CYP monooxygenase systems are multi-component and contain various redox partners, cofactors and auxiliary proteins, which contribute to their diversity in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Recent progress in bioinformatics and computational biology approaches make it possible to undertake whole-genome and phylogenetic analyses of CYPomes of a variety of organisms.