Organization of spontaneous rhythm of the small intestine in healthy individuals and patients with stomach and colorectal cancer.

The distribution of the main frequencies of spontaneous rhythm of the small intestine in the 12.0-8.0 cycle/min range (by the aboral frequency gradient) was studied by the electrogastroenterographic method in healthy individuals and patients with stomach and colorectal cancer before and after gastrectomy and total removal of the large intestine.

Progression of HCC in mice is associated with a downregulation in the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factors.

Hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF) play a critical role in development of the liver. Their roles during liver tumorigenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) are, however, poorly understood. To address the role of HNFs in tumor progression, we generated a new experimental model in which a highly differentiated slow-growing transplantable mouse HCC (sgHCC) rapidly gives rise in vivo to a highly invasive fast-growing dedifferentiated variant (fgHCC).

[Formalized macroscopic description and computer analyser of macroscopic image (as illustrated by gastric pathology)].

A computer analyzer is regularly used in the department of pathology in formalized macrodescription of the stomach. Advantages of this method are described.

Colorimetric in vitro evaluation of T-cell cytotoxicity.

We propose a new colorimetric method for evaluation of specific T lymphocyte cytotoxicity based on the capacity of viable cells to incorporate alamar blue dye, an indicator of cell metabolic activity. This method is effective for highly specific strains of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and for primary T killers formed in vivo and constituting a small part of analyzed cell population. This test is a simple nonradioactive method for evaluating specific cellular cytotoxicity exhibiting sufficient sensitivity for evaluation of this parameter in the presence of effector cells.

[Clear-cell odontogenic carcinoma].

The tumor of the mandible in this case was first qualified as ameloblastoma. Although in the last WHO classification clear-cell odontogenic tumour is considered to be a benign tumour, repeated recurrences and distant metastases described in the literature prove its malignant character.

[Her-2/neu, Ki-67 expression and ploidy in breast carcinoma].

Expression of the markers was studied immunocytochemically on cytological preparations of breast tumor, ploidy was assessed by flow cytofluorimetry. The material was divided into 2 groups: diploid--41.4% cases and aneuploid--58.

[Expression of nm23 and c-erbB-2 proteins in cells of primary colorectal cancer and its metastases].

Expression of proteins nm 23 and c-erbB-2 is observed in many human carcinomas and is associated with the disease progression. Immunohistochemical study of nm23 and c-erbB-2 expression was performed on 64 primary tumours, 19 metastases in the lymph nodes and 37 liver metastases. More pronounced expression of these proteins in the primary tumour cells is observed in cases with liver metastases.

[MALT gastric lymphoma--principles of morphological diagnosis].

MALT gastric lymphoma presents difficulties for morphological diagnosis as it is represented by neoplastic elements having morphology of mature cells. 75 MALT-lymphomas of the stomach with polymorphous tumour infiltrate are reported. The infiltrate was analyzed by cell composition, cell atypia, the presence of lymphoepithelial lesions (LEL) and lymphoid follicles, blast cells and "blast" LEL.

Tumor-specific changes in mouse serum during Ehrlich carcinoma growth.

Using the method of flow cytofluorometry we found that proteinase activity eliminating antigenic determinants from the surface of tumor cells disappeared from the serum of mice with Ehrlich carcinoma. This activity towards Ehrlich carcinoma cells is present in the sera of mice without tumors and in mice with other transplanted tumors. The serum from mice of one strain with Ehrlich carcinoma showed no protease activity against Ehrlich carcinoma cells in mice of other strain.

Immunohistological study of NM 23 and C-erbB-2 expression in primary tumor and metastases of colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Immunohistochemical study of expression of nm 23 and c-erbB-2 protein markers in primary tumor and metastases of colorectal adenocarcinoma showed that the incidence and expression of both protein markers in primary tumor tissue tended to increase after the appearance of liver metastases. Peculiarities of protein expression in tumor metastases in lymph nodes and liver and the possibility of using these markers as additional prognostic criteria in colorectal cancer are discussed.

Destructive effect of DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor vepesid on mouse spermatogenesis.

Inhibition of DNA topoisomerase II with vepesid induced structural and functional reorganization of chromatin in meiotically dividing spermatocytes I, which later led to the block of their differentiation and long-lasting disorders in spermatogenesis. Vepesid induced decondensation of spermatocyte I chromatin, block of desynapsis, and elongation of lateral elements of spermatocyte autosome synaptonemal complexes during late pachytene and diplotene of meiosis. This confirms the involvement of type II DNA topoisomerase in chromatin condensation and homologous chromosome desynapsis at the stage of diplotene and the role of this enzyme in structural organization of the synaptonemal complex.

[A familial form of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland].

A case of a family form of medullary thyroid cancer is reported. Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural data are presented and problems of etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis are discussed.

[Expression of cell adhesion molecules E-cadherin and beta-catenin in infiltrating breast carcinoma].

Distribution of cell-cell adhesion molecules of E-cadherin (EC) and beta-catenin (BC) infiltrating breast carcinoma (BC) and markers of epithelium, basal membrane has been studied by immunofluorescence in 50 infiltrating BC tissue samples including 17 ductal carcinomas, 23 lobular carcinomas and 10 combined carcinomas. Two types of EC-BC structure alterations were found: homogeneity disorder accompanied by appearance of local thickening and gaps or complete lack of these structures. Alterations of type 1 were found in all the analyzed samples of ductal and combined carcinomas and partially in lobular carcinomas, in in situ structures and in invasion components as well.

Partial elimination of lymphocytes in mice with Ehrlich carcinoma.

Elimination of about 30% lymphocyte population was observed in female Balb/c mice on day 11 after transplantation of Ehrlich carcinoma in comparison with animals without tumor. It was hypothesized that the eliminated population can block the tumor growth. Studies of the temporal and quantitative parameters of lymphocyte elimination with consideration for tumor size are considered to be perspective.

Analysis of elastase 1 for evaluation of excretory function of the pancreas after gastropancreatoduodenal resection.

The level of elastase 1 in feces was markedly decreased in all patients with tumors of the pancreatic head or its involvement before and after gastropancreatoduodenal resection and was close to normal in patients with retroperitoneal tumors not invading the pancreas. Serum elastase 1 concentrations were virtually the same in patients, normal subjects, and patients without signs of pancreatic involvement. The presence of elastase 1 in feces reflects adequate function of the pancreato-digestive anastomosis, while low concentrations of the enzyme indicate impaired function of the pancreas, presumably because of operation trauma and tumor process.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and local radiotherapy for high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of radiation therapy for local control of nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of the extremities after induction chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: Of 187 patients with nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of the extremities treated with induction chemotherapy since 1986, 31 refused surgery and underwent standard, fractionated external beam radiotherapy for local control. The median radiation dose to the limb was 60 Gy (range 40-68 Gy).

Ultrastructural criteria of malignancy of adrenal medullary tumor.

Histological analysis and electron microscopy of 12 benign pheochromocytomas and 9 malignant pheochromoblastomas showed that there are no reliable histological differences between cells of benign and malignant tumor of the adrenal medulla. The ratio of ultrastructurally differentiated and undifferentiated cells in the tumor can reflect their maturity; the more ultrastructurally undifferentiated and less differentiated cells in the tumor, the higher is the malignant potential of this tumor.

Diagnostic value of tumor markers Cyfra 21-1 and neuron-specific enolase in analysis of pleural fluid.

The diagnostic value of tumor markers Cyfra 21-1 and neuron-specific enolase in blood serum and pleural fluid in differential diagnosis of pleural exudation in cancer patients and patients with nontumor pleurisy was evaluated. The most pronounced changes were characteristic of Cyfra 21-1. In patients with pleurisy caused by malignant tumors the degree and incidence of increased Cyfra 21-1 concentrations in the serum and pleural fluid were higher than in patients with pleural exudation of nontumor origin.

[Effect of 5-azacytidine on expression of DNA sequences homologous to ENV gene of murine mammary tumor virus in normal human lymphocytes].

Expression of DNA sequences, related to MMTV env gene, in peripheral blood lymphocytes, which was strictly specific for human mammary carcinoma, has been previously reported. These sequences (homologous to env gene site coding for MMTV gp52 envelope antigen) expressed in T cells can play the key role in virus infection transmission and propagation. In order to elucidate the possible routes of env MMTV-homologous sequences expression, we tried to induced it in donot T lymphocytes by various methods: hormone and virus treatment (related genome "saving" at the expense of the added virus envelope), T cell culturing with conA, interferon-2, and 5-azacytidine.

[The effect of transposon P(GUS . p53.259H)on the frequency of tumor clones in Drosophila melanogaster wtsp2/+ heterozygotes].

We showed that transposon P(GUS.p53.259H), mapped to chromosome 3 and carrying a dominant mutation p53(259)H.

Cytotoxic effects of macrophages and asbestos on transformed rat mesothelial cells.

Asbestos produced a cytotoxic effect on transformed cells of rat pleural mesothelium and on IAR2 epithelial cells and Rat1 fibroblasts transformed by ras oncogene, but not on normal cells of these strains under conditions of coculturing with peritoneal macrophages. Contact of mesothelioma cells, but not macrophages with asbestos was necessary and sufficient for attaining the cytotoxic effect. Macrophage-conditioned medium potentiated asbestos cytotoxicity for transformed mesothelial cells, but not for IARS-ras and Rat1-ras.

[Expression of the protein marker p16INK4a in the cervix uteri cancer].

Immunohistochemical study was carried out of 18 cervical carcinomas (13 squamous and 5 adenomatous) and of 3 cases of cervical intraepithelial dysplasia. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from biopsies as well as from surgical material were used. Staining was performed with monoclonal antibodies to protein p16INK4a.

Biochemical parameters in the diagnosis and monitoring of neurotoxicity of antitumor cytostatics.

The significance of neurospecific proteins in the diagnosis of neurotoxicity in patients with breast, lung, testicular, and ovarian cancer treated by taxane and cisplatin drugs was evaluated. The most pronounced increase in the content of these proteins and titers of autoantibodies to these proteins was observed in patients with clinical manifestations of neurotoxicity induced by cytostatics. A strong correlation was found between the concentration of myelin basic protein and cumulative dose of the drug (R=0.

[Morphological aspects of intense preoperative hypoxyradiotherapy in combined treatment of patients with sigmoid colon carcinoma].

Morphological study has confirmed the advantage of using doses of single radiation doses 5 Gy (total dose 25 Gy) and inhalation of a hypoxic gas mixture vs other methods of treatment. The study of radiation pathomorphosis showed significants devitalization of the tumor cells realized clinically with a fall in the number of postoperative recurrences and metastases.

The use of low-power laser irradiation for faster vascularization of tissue transplants.

We studied the effect of low-power laser irradiation on vascularization and take of transplanted rabbit renal and pancreatic tissue in athymic nude mice. The mean size of the transplant and the number of blood vessels in it were higher in irradiated mice compared to nonirradiated controls. Moreover, the organ-specific structure of the transplants was preserved in irradiated mice, but not in the control group.