Infective intracardiac lesion in the setting of Mycobacterium franklinii bacteremia identified by cell-free DNA sequencing in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A potential new foe in intracardiac infections.

Mycobacterium franklinii (Mfra) is a recently identified member of the Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus complex (MCAC), a rapidly growing, acid-fast bacilli that have the potential to cause invasive human infections. Identification of Mfra is crucial for selecting the appropriate antimicrobial therapy, as Mfra displays a unique susceptibility profile compared to other MCAC members. The literature on Mfra is limited, with a few studies focusing on respiratory and skin infections.

Fire needle combined with photodynamic therapy for cutaneous infectious granulomatosis caused by mycobacterium chelonae: A case report.

Mycobacterium chelonae is a non-tuberculous mycobacteria, which can cause skin infectious granuloma through cosmetic injection. This disease's treatment requires a combination of sensitive antibiotics and a lengthy treatment cycle. Photodynamic therapy is still effective for patients who are unwilling to take antibiotics orally.

Plasmid-mediated drug resistance in mycobacteria: the tip of the iceberg?

Macrolides, such as clarithromycin, are crucial in the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). NTM are notoriously innately drug resistant, which has made the dependence on macrolides for their treatment even more important. Not surprisingly, resistance to macrolides has been documented in some NTM, including and , which are the two NTM species most often identified in clinical isolates.

The Homologous Gene of Chromosomal Virulence D () Presents High Resolution as a Novel Biomarker in Species Identification.

Objective: To evaluate the resolution of chromosomal virulence D () as a novel marker for mycobacterial species identification.

Methods: A segment of (652 bp) was amplified by PCR from 63 mycobacterial reference strains, 163 nontuberculous mycobacterial clinical isolates, and 16 complex (MTBC) clinical isolates. A phylogenetic tree based on the reference strains was constructed by the neighbor-joining and IQ-tree methods.

In Vitro Evaluation of Rose Bengal Photoactivated by Custom-Built Green Light-Emitting Diode Source for Bacteria and Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria Inhibition.

Purpose: In vitro evaluation of rose bengal (RB) photoactivated by our custom-built green light-emitting diode (LED) source for the growth inhibition of bacterial strains and rapidly growing mycobacterial (RGM) isolates in infectious keratitis.

Methods: Six corneal clinical bacteria isolates were included in this study: two Gram-positive bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] and Staphylococcus epidermidis), two Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens), and two RGM (Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium abscessus). Microorganisms were cultured and incubated at specific conditions and prepared in suspensions to adjust their concentration to 104 cells/mL.

Disseminated Cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae Infection in an Immunocompetent Patient.

We present a case report on disseminated cutaneous infection with a sporotrichoid pattern in an immunocompetent patient. The aim of this report is to contribute to the existing knowledge on the clinical presentation and management of this uncommon presentation.

Blocking ADP-ribosylation expands the anti-mycobacterial spectrum of rifamycins.

The clinical utility of rifamycins against non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease is limited by intrinsic drug resistance achieved by ADP-ribosyltransferase Arr. By blocking the site of ribosylation, we recently optimized a series of analogs with substantially improved potency against . Here, we show that a representative member of this series is significantly more potent than rifabutin against major NTM pathogens expressing Arr, providing a powerful medicinal chemistry approach to expand the antimycobacterial spectrum of rifamycins.

Cutaneous Infection: An Important Differential Diagnosis in the Immunosuppressed Patient with Chronic Ulcers.

In 2018, a 38-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with some nodules and nonhealing ulcers on her left thigh that had been present for 18 months. Her medical history included rheumatoid arthritis (RA) being treated with 20-mg prednisone for the last 8 years. There was no history of trauma, surgery, or cosmetic procedure on the leg.

Disentangling the link between zebrafish diet, gut microbiome succession, and Mycobacterium chelonae infection.

Background: Despite the long-established importance of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism and their increasing use in microbiome-targeted studies, relatively little is known about how husbandry practices involving diet impact the zebrafish gut microbiome. Given the microbiome's important role in mediating host physiology and the potential for diet to drive variation in microbiome composition, we sought to clarify how three different dietary formulations that are commonly used in zebrafish facilities impact the gut microbiome. We compared the composition of gut microbiomes in approximately 60 AB line adult (129- and 214-day-old) zebrafish fed each diet throughout their lifespan.

Nasal Septal Perforation and Widespread Skin Lesions Caused by Mycobacterium chelonae Infection Mimicking Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis.

Mycobacterium chelonae, a rapidly growing mycobacterium found in the natural environment, is known to cause localized lesions in the skin, soft tissue, and bone through traumatic inoculation, but widespread lesions are uncommon. We herein report an immunocompromised 79-year-old man suspected of having polyangiitis granulomatosis due to weight loss, epistaxis, and nasal crusts with impending septal perforation who was subsequently diagnosed with mucocutaneous and bone disease caused by widespread M. chelonae infection.

Clinical features of patients presenting with fever of unknown origin caused by non-tuberculous mycobacterium infection.

Introduction: Although non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infection accounts for only a small proportion of fever of unknown origin (FUO) cases, it has become a more common etiology in recent years. Therefore, we reviewed FUO patients with underlying NTM infection to better understand its clinical features.

Methodology: The medical records of patients presenting with FUO and diagnosed with NTM infection admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2016 and June 2021 were reviewed.

A strip-based assay for detection of CrfA enzyme activity to differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria.

There is an unmet need for tools that permit diagnosis of Tuberculosis (TB) that are affordable, low-tech, and can differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) from non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). In this study, we have developed a strip-based assay to detect the activity of a unique Carbapenem Resistance Factor A (CrfA) enzyme present only in M.

A rare spontaneous breast abscess due to Mycobacterium chelonae: a case report.

Background: Mycobacterium chelonae, a nontuberculous mycobacterium, commonly causes skin, soft tissue, eye, pulmonary, catheter-related, and post-surgical infections in patients with immunosuppression or trauma. M. chelonae breast infections are rare, and most cases occur following cosmetic surgery.

Emergence of Inducible Macrolide Resistance in Mycobacterium chelonae Due to Broad-Host-Range Plasmid and Chromosomal Variants of the Novel 23S rRNA Methylase Gene, (55).

Macrolides are a mainstay of therapy for infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Among rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), inducible macrolide resistance is associated with four chromosomal 23S rRNA methylase () genes. Beginning in 2018, we detected high-level inducible clarithromycin resistance (MICs of ≥16μg/mL) in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium chelonae, an RGM species not previously known to contain genes.

[Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection after tattooing caused by Mycobacterium chelonae].

We report the case of a healthy young man who presented to our clinic with itchy skin lesions in the area of a tattoo on the back of the left hand. Bioptic and cultural confirmation of the pathogens led to the diagnosis of Mycobacterium chelonae infection. We initiated antibiotic therapy using azithromycin and linezolid with good response.

Epidemiology and drug susceptibility of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in Italy in 2016-2020.

Introduction: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental mycobacteria which may cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases. These organisms are difficult to treat due to their intrinsic drug-resistance. In Italy, no major nationwide study on NTM epidemiology and drug susceptibility was performed.

Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection following cat scratch in the setting of topical steroid use.

Infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are caused by mycobacterial species other than , , and . Patients who are immunocompromised have increased susceptibility to pulmonary, lymphatic, and skin infections by these pathogens. We present a case of a 78-year-old male who presented to dermatology with a left dorsolateral hand infection after sustaining cat scratches in the setting of topical steroid therapy for suspected pyoderma gangrenosum.

A bronchoscopy-associated pseudo-outbreak of and associated with contaminated ice machine water and ice.

A pseudo-outbreak of bronchoscopy-associated and was traced to contaminated ice machine water and ice. A nonsterile ice bath was used to cool uncapped, sterile, saline syringes used to slow procedural bleeding. Joining the growing evidence of bronchoscopy pseudo-outbreaks, our investigation describes several lessons for future prevention.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Distributions of Clinical Isolates of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Israel.

There is a scarcity of data regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility testing profiles of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) in Israel and other Middle Eastern countries. We aimed to describe the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of NTM in Israel. A total of 410 clinical isolates of NTM, identified to the species level using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry or gene sequencing, were included.

Clinical characteristics of extrapulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infections in comparison with pulmonary infections: A single-center, retrospective study in Japan.

Introduction: The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections is increasing worldwide. Although NTM can affect extrapulmonary organs, studies on the clinical characteristics of extrapulmonary NTM are rare.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who were newly diagnosed with NTM infections at Hiroshima University Hospital between 2001 and 2021 to investigate species distribution, infected sites, and risk factors of extrapulmonary NTM compared to pulmonary NTM.

Molecular epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from tuberculosis-suspected patients.

It is a growing problem around the world to deal with nontuberculous mycobacteria infection (NTM), but its clinical significance is still largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology of NTM infections from various clinical samples and determine their clinical significance. From December 2020 to December 2021, 6125 clinical samples were collected.