Kinetics of Iron Nitride Layer Growth during the Nitriding of AISI 1085 Non-Alloy Steel and AISI 52100 Alloy Steel.

This paper presents a comparison of two-component ammonia-based inlet atmospheres diluted with either hydrogen (NH/H) or nitrogen (NH/N). Taking advantage of the features of inlet atmospheres diluted with nitrogen and hydrogen, four two-stage processes were designed and carried out, which were juxtaposed with two single-stage processes carried out only in an NH atmosphere. A common parameter of the processes carried out was the same value of nitrogen availability in each process stage.

Disparity of metatibial and metatarsal cuticular and sensory structures in Cixiidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) with a metatibiotarsal diagnosis for the tribes.

A review of the cuticular and sensory metatibial and metatarsal structures in cixiid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) is proposed, depicting both their strong disparity and the great diversity of the patterns observed. Terminology and definitions for these structures are provided. The so-called lateral teeth of the metatibia in fact are particular styloconic sensory structures, called spiniform sensilla in Cixiidae.

Functional Morphology and Ultrastructure of the Peripheral Antennal Sensillar System of (Müller, 1766) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).

The antennae of the shield bug (Müller, 1766) were examined through scanning and transmission electron microscopy to reveal their general morphology, as well as the antennal sensilla's distribution, size, and ultrastructure of their dendrites and function. The antennae comprise five antennomeres (one scape, two pedicels, and two flagellomeres). Different lengths of chaetic mechanosensilla (Ch1-Ch4) exist on all antennomeres, and several highly sensitive campaniform sensilla are embedded in the exoskeleton and measure cuticular strain.

Methods of quantifying a mass mortality event in freshwater wildlife within the river ecosystem.

This study introduces a comprehensive method for quantifying mass mortality events in freshwater wildlife, exemplified by the ecological disaster in the Odra River in 2022. Our approach integrates field observations, statistical analysis, and ecological assessment to measure the impact of such events on various aquatic species. Key steps include systematic counting of deceased organisms, assessing population declines, and evaluating the ecological repercussions of invasive species.

A dataset on quantifying a mass mortality event in freshwater wildlife within the Lower Odra River.

In response to the significant ecological disaster in the Odra River during the summer of 2022, a comprehensive data collection process was initiated to quantify the extent of mortality among aquatic species. The dataset focuses on the downstream section of the river, identified as the area with the highest accumulation of deceased organisms. The data collection involved systematic sampling and counting of dead organisms, including fish, bivalves , and aquatic snails.

Quantifying a mass mortality event in freshwater wildlife within the Lower Odra River: Insights from a large European river.

In the summer of 2022, the River Odra in Europe witnessed a significant ecological disaster, leading to an unprecedented mass mortality among fish, bivalves, and water snails. The disaster was attributed to toxins released by the haptophyte golden algae, Prymnesium parvum. This study primarily focused on the river's lower section, where the disaster's impacts were exacerbated by the downstream flow of deceased organisms.

Army ant middens - Home and nursery of a diverse beetle fauna.

Army ants provide nourishment to a large variety of animals. This includes birds that feed on animals flushed out by army ant raids, symbiotic arthropods that consume the ants' prey or their brood, and other arthropods that scavenge on army ant refuse deposits. The latter have not received much attention, and the few published studies lack detailed species identifications.

Urbanisation generates multiple trait syndromes for terrestrial animal taxa worldwide.

Cities can host significant biological diversity. Yet, urbanisation leads to the loss of habitats, species, and functional groups. Understanding how multiple taxa respond to urbanisation globally is essential to promote and conserve biodiversity in cities.

First record of the genus Belokobylskij, 2011 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae) in Vietnam, with the description of a new species.

The rare doryctine genus Belokobylskij, 2011 is recorded for the braconid fauna of Vietnam for the first time. A new species of this genus, , is described and illustrated.

An enigmatic new genus of cyclostome braconid wasp (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from New Zealand.

A new enigmatic genus perhaps belonging to the braconid wasp subfamily Pambolinae, Zeachremylus gen. nov. (type species Z.

Revision of the Afrotropical genus Shenefelt & Marsh, 1976 with description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae).

A revision of the small Afrotropical holcobraconine genus Shenefelt & Marsh, 1976 (Doryctinae) is provided. A new species from Kenya, , is described and illustrated. The illustrated redescriptions of the genus and its type species Granger, 1949 are given.

Review of species of the genus Adelurola Strand, 1928, with a key to species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae).

The alysiine genus Adelurola Strand, 1928 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) is revised. Illustrated re-descriptions and a key to all known species of this genus are given. The following new combination is proposed: Dapsilarthra eurys (Chen & Wu, 1994), comb.

Mexiare gen. nov., a new Doryctinae genus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Mexico with fused first and second metasomal tergites.

A new braconid genus from the subfamily Doryctinae, Mexiare gen. nov. (type species M.

Phylogenetic affinities of Monarea Szépligeti, 1904 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Doryctinae, with description of a new species from Mexico.

The genus Monarea Szépligeti is recorded from Mexico for the first time. A new species, Monarea fridae sp. nov.