65,820 results match your criteria: "Muscle Biopsy and the Pathology of Skeletal Muscle"

The study aimed to compare the morphometric and morphologic analyses of the bone structures of temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles on Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in 62 healthy subjects and 33 subjects with temporomandibular dysfunction (TMDS) aged between 18 and 56 years. In addition, a machine learning (ML) pipeline involving the Random Forest classifier was used to automatically detect TMDS. Thirty parameters (including age and gender) associated with the condylar process, articular tubercle, mandibular fossa, ramus mandible, joint space, and masticatory muscles were examined using CBCT.

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Weight regain within one year after weight loss is frequently observed and is referred to as yo-yo dieting or weight cycling. In this study, we explore the effects of yo-yo dieting on the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle characteristics of male zebrafish. Four-month-old AB wild-type male zebrafish were randomly assigned to three groups: high-calorie intake (H, seven meals per day), low-calorie intake (L, two meals per day), and yo-yo diet (the low- and high-calorie alternation switched every two weeks) groups.

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Congenital titinopathies reported to date show autosomal recessive inheritance and are caused by a variety of genomic variants, most of them located in metatranscript (MTT)-only exons. The aim of this study was to describe additional patients and establish robust genotype-phenotype associations in titinopathies. This study involved analyzing molecular, clinical, pathological, and muscle imaging features in 20 patients who had at least one pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in MTT-only exons, with onset occurring antenatally or in the early postnatal stages.

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Unraveling the Bone-Brain Axis: A New Frontier in Parkinson's Disease Research.

Int J Mol Sci

November 2024

Institute for Brain Sciences Research, Center for Translational Neurourology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.

Parkinson's disease (PD), as a widespread neurodegenerative disorder, significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Its primary symptoms include motor disturbances, tremor, muscle stiffness, and balance disorders. In recent years, with the advancement of research, the concept of the bone-brain axis has gradually become a focal point in the field of PD research.

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Lipidomics of Caco-2 Cells Under Simulated Microgravity Conditions.

Int J Mol Sci

November 2024

Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.

Microgravity may profoundly impact the cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle system, and immune system of astronauts. At the cellular level, microgravity may also affect cell proliferation, differentiation, and growth, as well as lipid metabolism. In this work, we investigated lipid changes in Caco-2 cells cultured in a clinostat for 24 h under simulated microgravity conditions (SMC).

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Myokines and Microbiota: New Perspectives in the Endocrine Muscle-Gut Axis.

Nutrients

November 2024

Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 56, 56126 Pisa, Italy.

This review explores the dual role of skeletal muscle as both a mechanical and endocrine organ, highlighting its contributions to overall health and its adaptability to various inputs such as nutrition, hormones, exercise, and injuries. In addition to its role in metabolism and energy conversion, skeletal muscle secretes signalling molecules called myokines (at rest) and exerkines (during/after physical exercise), which communicate with other organs like the brain, the cardiovascular system, and the immune system. Key molecules such as interleukins, irisin, and myostatin are discussed for their roles in mediating muscle health and inter-organ communication.

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The class B scavenger receptor CD36 is known to bind and mediate the transport of lipid-related ligands and it functions as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) for a variety of pathogens, including bacteria and viruses. In this study, we assessed CD36's role as a PRR mediating pro-inflammatory effects of several known Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) used either as a single preparation or as a combination of DAMPs in the form of total cell/skeletal muscle tissue lysates. Our data demonstrated that multiple DAMPs, including HMGB1, HSPs, histone H3, SAA, and oxPAPC, as well as cell/tissue lysate preparations, induced substantially higher (~7-10-fold) IL-8 cytokine responses in HEK293 cells overexpressing CD36 compared to control WT cells.

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Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling identifies feline fibrosarcoma as clinically amenable model for aggressive sarcoma subtypes.

Neoplasia

December 2024

Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Fibrosarcomas (FSA) are malignant mesenchymal tumors characterized by low chemo- and radiosensitivity. Development of novel treatment strategies for human adult FSA is hindered by the low incidence and the absence of suitable clinical models. Interestingly, aggressive FSA occur more frequently in domestic cats, hence potentially representing a clinically amenable model to assess novel therapies such as targeted imaging or theranostics.

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As a common clinical manifestation, muscle weakness is prevalent in people with mobility disorders. Further studies of muscle weakness have found that patients with muscle weakness present with persistent muscle inflammation, loss of muscle fibers, fat infiltration, and interstitial fibrosis. Therefore, we propose the concept of muscle microenvironment homeostasis, which explains the abnormal pathological changes in muscles through the imbalance of muscle microenvironment homeostasis.

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Objective: To compare the progression of muscle fibrosis of various site and its relation between cardiac deterioration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In this study aimed to examine the associations between echocardiogram-based cardiac function indices and fibrosis of the abdominal and lower extremity muscles in patients with DMD to facilitate early detection of cardiac dysfunction and identify its predictors.

Methods: Twenty-one patients with DMD patients were enrolled in the study.

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Regional ischaemic immune myopathy: unraveling a rare subtype of dermatomyopathy.

BMJ Case Rep

December 2024

Rheumatology, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Regional ischaemic immune myopathy (RIIM) is a subtype of dermatomyopathy which has distinct histopathology features of regional muscle fibre necrosis and regeneration. This case report aims to provide an in-depth exploration of RIIM, emphasising its clinical features and the crucial role of muscle biopsy as a diagnostic investigation, as well as the potential role of immunomodulatory therapies.

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Acute treadmill exercise induces mitochondrial unfolded protein response in skeletal muscle of male rats.

Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg

December 2024

Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.

Mitochondria are often referred to as the energy centers of the cell and are recognized as key players in signal transduction, sensing, and responding to internal and external stimuli. Under stress conditions, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR), a conserved mitochondrial quality control mechanism, is activated to maintain mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis. As a physiological stimulus, exercise-induced mitochondrial perturbations trigger UPR, coordinating mitochondria-to-nucleus communication and initiating a transcriptional program to restore mitochondrial function.

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Computed tomography-determined high visceral adipose tissue and sarcopenic obesity and their associations with survival in vulnerable or frail older adults with cancer considered for systemic anticancer treatment.

J Geriatr Oncol

December 2024

Department of Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Kuntokatu 2, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address:

Introduction: Treatment decisions are challenging in older adults with solid tumors. Geriatric 8 (G8)-screening and comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) are important but additional methods are needed. We examined the association of computed tomography (CT)-derived high visceral adipose tissue index (VATI) with or without low skeletal muscle index (SMI) on three-month and overall survival (OS).

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Rationale And Objectives: Angioleiomyomas are benign perivascular tumors that originate from the tunica media of blood vessels. While frequently described in the head, neck, and uterus, angioleiomyomas can manifest in various regions throughout the body. The purpose of this study was to review the history and imaging features of angioleiomyomas of the trunk and extremities.

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Long-term use of glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone, can lead to skeletal muscle atrophy and disturbances in glucolipid metabolism. Astaxanthin, a ketocarotenoid, has a variety of physiological activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of astaxanthin on dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and disorders of glycolipid metabolism.

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Purpose: Recently, several investigators have focused on the clinical significance of osteosarcopenia in malignancies; however, its prognostic impact on patients with gastric cancer after conversion surgery (CS) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate sarcopenia, osteopenia, and osteosarcopenia in this patient population.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 24 patients with gastric cancer who underwent CS.

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A rare case of an aggressive polymorphous adenocarcinoma of minor salivary gland in the retro-maxilla.

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol

October 2024

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

Polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) is a low-grade malignant tumour of minor salivary glands of the oral cavity, which rarely presents with invasive features. Low metastatic and excellent survival rates are some of its favorable features. A 36-year-old woman reported with swelling, pain, and mobility of teeth in the left upper inner cheek region.

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α -lipoic acid (ALA) is an eight-carbon saturated fatty acid with strong antioxidant activity. Despite previous reports of ALA's protective properties in treating cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (including insulin resistance and diabetes), little is known about the compound's effects on skeletal muscle metabolism. In particular, the effect of ALA on glycooxidative and nitrosative damage in red muscles during insulin resistance is unknown.

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Asymptomatic HyperCKemia in the Pediatric Population: A Prospective Study Utilizing Next-Generation Sequencing and Ancillary Tests.

Neurology

January 2025

From the U763 (P.M., N.M., I.A., T.S., J.J.V.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid; Neuromuscular Research Group (P.M., I.P.C., N.M., I.A., L.F., R.V., T.S., J.J.V.), IIS La Fe; Neuromuscular Referral Center ERN-EURO-NMD (I.P.C.), Neuropediatric Department, UIP La Fe Hospital; Neuromuscular Referral Center ERN-EURO-NMD (N.M., T.S.), Neurology Department, UIP La Fe Hospital, Valencia; and Department of Medicine (N.M., T.S., J.J.V.), Universitat de Valencia, Spain.

Article Synopsis
  • - The study focuses on diagnosing asymptomatic hyperCKemia in pediatric patients using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and other diagnostic tools, as genetic myopathies are often linked to elevated creatine kinase levels.
  • - Conducted on 65 patients, the study found that NGS successfully diagnosed 55% of cases, with seven specific genes frequently showing pathogenic variants, while muscle biopsies were crucial for identifying myopathologic features.
  • - The research highlighted the effectiveness of EMG in revealing myopathic features in 48% of cases, although some diagnostic challenges remained, with 14% and 29% of diagnoses being inconclusive.
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Introduction: The electrically evoked stapedius reflex threshold (eSRT) is an objective measure that helps to fit cochlear implants (CIs). The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between different burst durations to elicit eSRT in pediatric CI users.

Materials And Methods: Different stimuli burst durations (100-500 ms) were applied to observe the effect in the reflex determination in 11 pediatric CI users.

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Low thoracic skeletal mass index, a novel marker to predict recurrence of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly stroke patients.

PLoS One

December 2024

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to determine if the thoracic skeletal muscle mass index at the time of aspiration pneumonia diagnosis can predict the recurrence of pneumonia in stroke patients.
  • Researchers analyzed data from 268 stroke patients with dysphagia who developed aspiration pneumonia between January 2014 and July 2020, measuring muscle volume using computed tomography scans.
  • Findings indicated that lower thoracic muscle index and older age significantly increased the likelihood of aspiration pneumonia recurrence, highlighting the importance of muscle mass in these patients.
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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is characterized by defective lipid metabolism, which causes disease progression. MASH is also linked to various cardiometabolic risk factors, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The contribution of defective lipid metabolism in MASH to cardiometabolic comorbidities is incompletely understood.

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Background: Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1), as an immunotherapy target, has been increasingly used in tumour therapies. But as reactions and outcomes to PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy vary individually, it is primarily important to identify an ideal indicator for predicting the therapeutic effectiveness in individual patients. Oesophageal cancer (EC) patients often have difficulty eating due to tumour blockage of the oesophagus, leading to malnutrition and muscle loss.

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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is produced and secreted by skeletal muscle cells during exercise and plays an important role in mediating metabolic responses to exercise. The promoter region of the IL-6 gene contains a common genetic variant (-174 G/C, rs1800795) which may alter responses to exercise training. To isolate the impact of this gene variant on exercise-induced IL-6 expression and skeletal muscle transcription responses following exercise we generated knock-in mice with a GG or variant CC genotype for the murine homolog of rs1800795.

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Structure and assembly of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex.

Nature

December 2024

Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.

The dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) has a crucial role in maintaining cell membrane stability and integrity by connecting the intracellular cytoskeleton with the surrounding extracellular matrix. Dysfunction of dystrophin and its associated proteins results in muscular dystrophy, a disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. Despite the important roles of the DGC in physiology and pathology, its structural details remain largely unknown, hindering a comprehensive understanding of its assembly and function.

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