p53-loss induced prostatic epithelial cell plasticity and invasion is driven by a crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment.

Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a slow progression and a highly variable clinical outcome. The tumor suppressor genes PTEN and TP53 are frequently mutated in prostate cancer and are predictive of early metastatic dissemination and unfavorable patient outcomes. The progression of solid tumors to metastasis is often associated with increased cell plasticity, but the complex events underlying TP53-loss-induced disease aggressiveness remain incompletely understood.

Best Practice Recommendations for Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia/Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia in the Military Health System.

Endometrial cancer is the most prevalent gynecologic cancer in the United States and has rising incidence and mortality. Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia or atypical endometrial hyperplasia (EIN-AEH), a precancerous neoplasm, is surgically managed with hysterectomy in patients who have completed childbearing because of risk of progression to cancer. Concurrent endometrial carcinoma (EC) is also present on hysterectomy specimens in up to 50% of cases.

Racial/ethnic differences in trends of testicular germ cell tumor incidence in the United States, 1992-2021.

Background: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common cancers among young men in the United States. Incidence rates among non-Hispanic White (NHW) men historically have been much higher than the rates among other men. To study whether this pattern had changed, the authors examined trends in TGCT incidence for the years 1992-2021.

Time between pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment initiation and survival in the U.S. Military Health System.

Background: Pancreatic cancer has a high case fatality and treatment is known to improve survival. It is unknown whether the time between diagnosis and treatment initiation (time-to-treatment) is related to survival. Access to medical care may influence both treatment receipt and timing.

Updates in Human Papillomavirus Vaccination to Improve Medical Readiness in Active Duty Service Members.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and is associated with the development of genital warts, precancerous lesions, and cancers of the oropharynx, anus, penis, vulva, vagina, and cervix. HPV-associated diseases are preventable through vaccination. An Australian nationwide vaccination program will effectively eliminate cervical cancer as a public health concern by the year 2035.

Incidence rates of soft tissue sarcoma among U.S. military servicemen: Comparison with the rates in the general U.S. population.

Background: Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers among men younger than age 30 years and a leading cause of cancer death in men younger than age 40 years. The military may be more exposed to STS risk factors and have generally better health and health care access than the general population, which may relate to lower cancer risk and/or early detection. This study compared STS incidence between servicemen and men in the general U.

A Review of Limbic System-Associated Membrane Protein in Tumorigenesis.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to describe the role of limbic system-associated membrane protein (LSAMP) in normal- and pathophysiology, and its potential implications in oncogenesis. We have summarized research articles reporting the role of LSAMP in the development of a variety of malignancies, such as clear cell renal cell carcinoma, prostatic adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, acute myeloid leukemia, and epithelial ovarian cancer. We also examine the current understanding of how defects in LSAMP gene function may contribute to oncogenesis.

Comparing Black and White Patients in Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer and Survival in an Equal Access Health System.

Background: Racial disparities in prostate cancer treatment and survival in the U.S. have been attributed to differences in access to care and medical insurance.

A modified dual preparatory method for improved isolation of nucleic acids from laser microdissected fresh-frozen human cancer tissue specimens.

A central theme in cancer research is to increase our understanding of the cancer tissue microenvironment, which is comprised of a complex and spatially heterogeneous ecosystem of malignant and non-malignant cells, both of which actively contribute to an intervening extracellular matrix. Laser microdissection (LMD) enables histology selective harvest of cellular subpopulations from the tissue microenvironment for their independent molecular investigation, such as by high-throughput DNA and RNA sequencing. Although enabling, LMD often requires a labor-intensive investment to harvest enough cells to achieve the necessary DNA and/or RNA input requirements for conventional next-generation sequencing workflows.

Frequent CHD1 deletions in prostate cancers of African American men is associated with rapid disease progression.

We analyzed genomic data from the prostate cancer of African- and European American men to identify differences contributing to racial disparity of outcome. We also performed FISH-based studies of Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1 (CHD1) loss on prostate cancer tissue microarrays. We created CHD1-deficient prostate cancer cell lines for genomic, drug sensitivity and functional homologous recombination (HR) activity analysis.

AR coactivators, CBP/p300, are critical mediators of DNA repair in prostate cancer.

Castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains an incurable disease stage with ineffective treatments options. Here, the androgen receptor (AR) coactivators CBP/p300, which are histone acetyltransferases, were identified as critical mediators of DNA damage repair (DDR) to potentially enhance therapeutic targeting of CRPC. Key findings demonstrate that CBP/p300 expression increases with disease progression and selects for poor prognosis in metastatic disease.

Racial comparisons in treatment of rectal adenocarcinoma and survival in the military health system.

Background: Racial disparities in treatment and outcomes of rectal cancer have been attributed to patients' differential access to care. We aimed to study treatment and outcomes of rectal cancer in the equal access Military Health System (MHS) to better understand potential racial disparities.

Methods: We accessed the MilCanEpi database to study a cohort of patients aged 18 and older who were diagnosed with rectal adenocarcinoma between 1998 and 2014.

promotes oncogenesis and lethal progression of prostate cancer.

Higher levels of aneuploidy, characterized by imbalanced chromosome numbers, are associated with lethal progression in prostate cancer. However, how aneuploidy contributes to prostate cancer aggressiveness remains poorly understood. In this study, we assessed in patients which genes on chromosome 8q, one of the most frequently gained chromosome arms in prostate tumors, were most strongly associated with long-term risk of cancer progression to metastases and death from prostate cancer (lethal disease) in 403 patients and found the strongest candidate was cohesin subunit gene, , with an odds ratio of 3.

MYBL2 Drives Prostate Cancer Plasticity: Inhibiting Its Transcriptional Target CDK2 for RB1-Deficient Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer.

Unlabelled: Phenotypic plasticity is a recognized mechanism driving therapeutic resistance in patients with prostate cancer. Although underlying molecular causations driving phenotypic plasticity have been identified, therapeutic success is yet to be achieved. To identify putative master regulator transcription factors (MR-TF) driving phenotypic plasticity in prostate cancer, this work utilized a multiomic approach using genetically engineered mouse models of prostate cancer combined with patient data to identify MYB proto-oncogene like 2 (MYBL2) as a significantly enriched transcription factor in prostate cancer exhibiting phenotypic plasticity.

Racial-Ethnic Comparison of Treatment for Papillary Thyroid Cancer in the Military Health System.

Purpose: We aimed to compare Asian or Pacific Islander, Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White patients in treatment for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in the equal access Military Health System to better understand racial-ethnic cancer health disparities observed in the United States.

Methods: We used the MilCanEpi database to identify a cohort of men and women aged 18 or older who were diagnosed with PTC between 1998 and 2014. Low- or high-risk status was assigned using tumor size and lymph node involvement.

Survival Among Patients With Multiple Myeloma in the United States Military Health System Compared to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program.

Background: Access to health care is an important factor affecting survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in the U.S. general population.

A selective CutMix approach improves generalizability of deep learning-based grading and risk assessment of prostate cancer.

The Gleason score is an important predictor of prognosis in prostate cancer. However, its subjective nature can result in over- or under-grading. Our objective was to train an artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithm to grade prostate cancer in specimens from patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) and to assess the correlation of AI-estimated proportions of different Gleason patterns with biochemical recurrence-free survival (RFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), and overall survival (OS).

Pulmonary Hypertension and Survival among Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the U.S. Military Health System.

Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers with survival being closely related to stage and influenced by comorbid illness. The survival implications of pulmonary hypertension (PH) on patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have only been evaluated in small cohorts, with limited long-term follow-up. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 7946 patients with NSCLC diagnosed in the MHS.

Comparative Trends in the Distribution of Prostate Cancer Stage at Diagnosis in the Department of Defense Cancer Registry and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Data, 2004-2014.

Introduction: It has been demonstrated that there was an increase in later-stage prostate cancer (PCa) at diagnosis after the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommended against prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer.

Obesogenic High-Fat Diet and MYC Cooperate to Promote Lactate Accumulation and Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling in Prostate Cancer.

Unlabelled: Cancer cells exhibit metabolic plasticity to meet oncogene-driven dependencies while coping with nutrient availability. A better understanding of how systemic metabolism impacts the accumulation of metabolites that reprogram the tumor microenvironment (TME) and drive cancer could facilitate development of precision nutrition approaches. Using the Hi-MYC prostate cancer mouse model, we demonstrated that an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fats accelerates the development of c-MYC-driven invasive prostate cancer through metabolic rewiring.

Child Opportunity Index Mobility, Recurrent Wheezing, and Asthma in Early Childhood: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study.

We prospectively examined associations between mobility in neighborhood opportunity and early childhood recurrent wheezing/asthma. Downward mobility was associated with developing asthma, but not recurrent wheezing, though associations were attenuated after adjusting for family-level socioeconomic status. Elucidating how neighborhoods impact asthma may inform asthma equity initiatives in early childhood.