Severity of Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Diminished During Successive Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Data from a Nationwide German Survey.

Objective: To elucidate how the clinical presentation of Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome temporally associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (PIMS-TS) was influenced by the successive variants of concern (VOC) and patient age.

Study Design: A nationwide PIMS-TS registry was established in Germany in May 2020, shortly after the first cases were described in the US and United Kingdom. The registry captured information on patient characteristics, clinical course, laboratory findings, imaging, and outcome.

Outcomes in ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor: A report from the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 and Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registries.

Objective: Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) are rare sex cord-stromal tumors, representing <0.5% of all ovarian tumors. We sought to describe prognostic factors, treatment and outcomes for individuals with ovarian SLCT.

High burden of acute respiratory tract infections leading to hospitalization at German pediatric hospitals: fall/winter 2022-2023.

Purpose: Given reduced immunity levels for seasonally occurring respiratory infections and the experience of an unusually early, severe wave of RSV infections during 2021, a preexisting clinician-led reporting system (CLRS) was updated to prospectively monitor the anticipated high burden of respiratory infections (ARI) in German pediatric hospitals during fall/winter 2022-2023.

Methods: From September 13, 2022 through March 31, 2023, children hospitalized with ARI as a primary diagnosis were monitored via a national CLRS established by the German Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI). Once a week, the CLRS collected overall number of new hospital admissions, ARI-related admissions according to pathogen (SARS-CoV-2, RSV, influenza, and other), plus number of patients admitted to ICU with ARI as a primary diagnosis.

A comparison of pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporarily-associated with SARS-CoV-2 and Kawasaki disease.

The connection between Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS) and Kawasaki Disease (KD) is not yet fully understood. Using the same national registry, clinical features and outcome of children hospitalized in Germany, and Innsbruck (Austria) were compared. Reported to the registry were 395 PIMS and 69 KD hospitalized patients.

Rare pediatric tumors in Germany - not as rare as expected: a study based on data from the Bavarian Cancer Registry and the German Childhood Cancer Registry.

Unlabelled: Very rare pediatric tumors (VRTs) pose a challenge for treating physicians as little is known about the best diagnostic assessment and therapeutic decision-making in these malignancies. A large proportion of these cancers occur in adolescence. Therefore, the established structures of pediatric oncology including cancer registration may partly be circumvented.

Rare Tumors in Children and Adolescents - the STEP Working Group's Evolution to a Prospective Registry.

Background Very rare tumors (VRT) in children and adolescents have such a low incidence that until recently, they have not been integrated into the clinical and scientific network of pediatric oncology. Data is very limited and consistent treatment strategies are missing. Thus, VRTs are classic orphan diseases.

Primary lung carcinoma in children and adolescents - Clinical characteristics and outcome of 12 cases from the German registry for rare paediatric tumours (STEP).

Objectives: Primary lung carcinomas are very rare paediatric tumours with an incidence of < 2/1.000.000 per year.

The Pediatric Precision Oncology INFORM Registry: Clinical Outcome and Benefit for Patients with Very High-Evidence Targets.

INFORM is a prospective, multinational registry gathering clinical and molecular data of relapsed, progressive, or high-risk pediatric patients with cancer. This report describes long-term follow-up of 519 patients in whom molecular alterations were evaluated according to a predefined seven-scale target prioritization algorithm. Mean turnaround time from sample receipt to report was 25.

Phasic and tonic alertness in preterm 5-year-old healthy children.

Preterm delivery may interrupt the intrauterine brain development and implies a risk factor for the developing brain. In the long term, most frequently particular forms of attention deficits are described which refer to the basic aspects of attention i.e.

Separate and overlapping functional roles for efference copies in the human thalamus.

How the perception of space is generated from the multiple maps in the brain is still an unsolved mystery in neuroscience. A neural pathway ascending from the superior colliculus through the medio-dorsal (MD) nucleus of thalamus to the frontal eye field has been identified in monkeys that conveys efference copy information about the metrics of upcoming eye movements. Information sent through this pathway stabilizes vision across saccades.

Reduction of the event-related potential P3 in preterm born 5-year-old healthy children.

Objectives: An abbreviated gestational period may interrupt intrauterine brain development and constitutes a serious risk factor. Many preterm children show some form of attention deficits in later life. However, there is ambiguity about the nature and extent of these attention deficits in the literature.

and Associated Conditions: Identification of At-risk Individuals and Recommended Surveillance Strategies.

Pathogenic germline variants cause a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome with a variety of manifestations. In addition to conferring increased cancer risks for pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) and ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors, particularly Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, individuals with pathogenic germline variants may also develop lung cysts, cystic nephroma, renal sarcoma and Wilms tumor, nodular hyperplasia of the thyroid, nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma, ciliary body medulloepithelioma, genitourinary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, and brain tumors including pineoblastoma and pituitary blastoma. In May 2016, the International PPB Registry convened the inaugural International Symposium to develop consensus testing and surveillance and treatment recommendations.

Brentuximab vedotin exerts profound antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic efficacy in CD30-positive as well as cocultured CD30-negative germ cell tumour cell lines.

Prognosis in patients suffering from high-risk, refractory and relapsed germ cell tumours (GCT) often comprising of CD30-positive embryonal carcinoma (EC) components remains poor. Thus, novel treatment strategies are warranted. The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) brentuximab vedotin delivers the potent antimitotic drug monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) to CD30-expressing tumour cells.

Outcome and prognostic factors in high-risk childhood adrenocortical carcinomas: A report from the European Cooperative Study Group on Pediatric Rare Tumors (EXPeRT).

Objectives: The aim of this retrospective international analysis was to evaluate the role of risk factors in pediatric patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) observed in European countries (2000-2013) in an attempt to identify factors associated with poor prognosis.

Procedures: Data were retrieved from databases of Germany, France, Poland, and Italy, which form the European Cooperative Study Group on Pediatric Rare Tumors (EXPeRT). Patients were less than 18 years old, with at least one of the following tumor-related risk factors: metastases, volume more than 200 cm , Cushing syndrome, vascular or regional lymph node invasion, initial biopsy, or incomplete excision.

Fornix and medial temporal lobe lesions lead to comparable deficits in complex visual perception.

Recent research dealing with the structures of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) has shifted away from exclusively investigating memory-related processes and has repeatedly incorporated the investigation of complex visual perception. Several studies have demonstrated that higher level visual tasks can recruit structures like the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex in order to successfully perform complex visual discriminations, leading to a perceptual-mnemonic or representational view of the medial temporal lobe. The current study employed a complex visual discrimination paradigm in two patients suffering from brain lesions with differing locations and origin.

ATTENTION FUNCTIONING IN CHILDREN WITH PRENATAL DRUG EXPOSURE.

Children born to drug abusers are exposed to teratogenic influences on intrauterine brain development and undergo postnatal withdrawal. We investigated the interplay of different domains and levels of attention functioning in 24 prenatally exposed and 25 nonexposed children who were 5 to 6 years old. Assessment included parent ratings and neuropsychological and electrophysiological methods.

Thymoma and thymic carcinoma in children and adolescents: a report from the European Cooperative Study Group for Pediatric Rare Tumors (EXPeRT).

Background: Thymomas and thymic carcinomas belong to a group of thymic epithelial tumours arising from the anterior mediastinum and, are extremely rare in children in which no therapeutic guidelines have been established. The aim is to describe paediatric characteristics of these tumours and give some therapeutic indications.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical data and therapeutic characteristics of paediatric patients less than 18years with thymic tumours treated between 2000 and 2012 registered in the European Cooperative Study Group for Pediatric Rare Tumors (EXPeRT) database of the cooperating national rare paediatric tumour working groups from France, Italy, Germany and Poland.