Concurrent Cervical and Anal High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women Living With HIV: An Observational Case-Control Study.

Background: To evaluate the prevalence and correlates of concurrent uterine cervical and anal HR-HPV infections in women living with HIV (WLHIV).

Setting: A cross-sectional study was undertaken at a tertiary care hospital and linked ART center.

Methods: One hundred and forty-one WLHIV and 161 HIV-negative women were enrolled for cervical and anal cytology as well as HR-HPV testing using the HC2 method.

Validation of diagnostic accuracy of retinal image grading by trained non-ophthalmologist grader for detecting diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: To validate the fundus image grading results by a trained grader (Non-ophthalmologist) and an ophthalmologist grader for detecting diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular oedema (DMO) against fundus examination by a retina specialist (gold standard).

Methods: A prospective diagnostic accuracy study was conducted using 2002 non-mydriatic colour fundus images from 1001 patients aged ≥40 years. Using the Aravind Diabetic Retinopathy Evaluation Software (ADRES) images were graded by both a trained non-ophthalmologist grader (grader-1) and an ophthalmologist (grader-2).

The Effect of Statins on Clinical Outcome Among Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Multi-Centric Cohort Study.

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), thrombotic complications, and myocardial injury. Statins, prescribed for lipid reduction, have anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and immunomodulatory properties and are associated with reduced mortality rates in COVID-19 patients. Our goal was to investigate the beneficial effects of statins in hospitalized COVID-19 patients admitted to three multi-specialty hospitals in India from 1 June 2020, to 30 April 2021.

A susceptibility putative haplotype within NLRP3 inflammasome gene influences ischaemic stroke risk in the population of Punjab, India.

Despite strong genetic implications of NLRP3 inflammasome, its examination as genetic determinant of ischaemic stroke (IS) remains to be done in Punjab, which has been investigated in this study. In this case control study, 400 subjects (200 IS patients, 200 stroke free controls) were included. Contributions of 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including a functional SNP within NLRP3 gene (rs10754558, rs4612666, rs2027432, rs3738488 and rs1539019) for the risk of IS were investigated through genetic models after correcting the effect of significant variables.

Sexual dimorphism in the relationship between brain complexity, volume and general intelligence (g): a cross-cohort study.

Changes in brain morphology have been reported during development, ageing and in relation to different pathologies. Brain morphology described by the shape complexity of gyri and sulci can be captured and quantified using fractal dimension (FD). This measure of brain structural complexity, as well as brain volume, are associated with intelligence, but less is known about the sexual dimorphism of these relationships.

High Prevalence of Cervical High-Grade Lesions and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections in Women Living with HIV: A Case for Prioritizing Cervical Screening in This Vulnerable Group.

Introduction: Women living with HIV (WLHIV) are at an increased risk of developing cervical precancerous lesions and cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of cervical lesions and high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection in WLHIV in comparison to the HIV-negative women undergoing opportunistic screening. In addition, these findings among WLHIV were correlated with the clinic-demographic factors.

Segmental Fracture Of The Clavicle - Unconventional Fracture Pattern Of A Conventionally Fractured Bone: A Case Report With Review Of Literature.

Though clavicle fractures are routinely seen in clinical practice, rarely do we encounter segmental fractures. This unusual pattern of fracture in clavicle has been seldom reported previously. We present a case of segmental fracture of the left clavicle fracture in a 64-year-old who was treated successfully.

A Case Series of Acute Painless Bilateral Foot Drop Without Cauda Equina Syndrome.

Introduction: Acute painless bilateral foot drop without bowel/bladder involvement is a very rare presentation of lumbar degenerative disorders. Only a few cases have been published on it in the literature. An early intervention could prove to be very helpful for the neurological recovery.

Novel TBXAS1 variants in two Indian children with Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia: A concise report.

Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia (GHDD) is a rare, autosomal recessive condition characterised by diaphyseal dysplasia of long bones with defective haematopoiesis. We describe 2 such cases with clinical and radiological evidence of GHDD. Molecular analysis revealed novel variants in TBXAS1 gene in both of them.

Association of Gene in MSSA and MRSA Strains among Diabetic Ulcer Patients from Odisha, India.

has emerged as an important pathogen among diabetic foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. Infections with in diabetic ulcers need surveillance of resistant microbial profile to provide the basis for empirical therapy for the reduction of lower extremities amputation. Panton valentine leucocidin () is considered as one of the major virulence gene of which is responsible for destruction of white blood cells and tissue necrosis.

The Future of Cross-Continental Telemedicine in the Management of Complicated Endocrine Patients and Its Suitability Based on a Case Report.

Telemedicine is rapidly evolving to provide increased access to high-quality healthcare, and it has gained more traction during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Telemedicine was mostly restricted to remote areas, but with the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been adopted by hospitals and its use has increased significantly. In addition, international collaboration has also increased, and we present a case report from Nigeria whereby a patient was diagnosed with a pituitary tumor through telemedicine, and he underwent successful surgery.

Clinical characteristics and 30-day outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure: Results from Indian College of Cardiology National Heart Failure Registry (ICCNHFR).

Background: Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a challenging medical emergency with high mortality and its prevalence is increasing in India. There is paucity of data on ADHF in the country.

Methods: Indian College of Cardiology National Heart Failure Registry (ICCNHFR) is an on-going observational registry on ADHF contributed by 22 hospitals across India; and we present the in-hospital and 30-day outcomes of ADHF patients enrolled from August 2018 to July 2019.

Uncommon manifestations in tuberculosis: An expanding clinical spectrum from North India.

Background: Despite being given the best by the health department to eradicate the disease, an alarming rise of tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern in India. Recently, highly variable clinical manifestations of TB have been reported. This study highlights the unusual presentations of TB with a comprehensive overview of epidemiology, demography and risk factors in the expended clinical spectrum of TB patients and their outcomes.

Association of pre-admission opioid abuse and/or dependence on major complications in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients.

Setting: In the last few decades, an opioid related health crisis has been a challenging problem in many countries around the world, especially the United States. Better understanding of the association of pre-admission opioid abuse and/or dependence (POAD) on specific major complications in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients can aid the medical team in improving patient care management and outcomes.

Study Objective: Our goal is to assess and quantify the risk of POAD on in-hospital mortality and major complications in TBI patients.

In vitro activity of Ceftazidime-Avibactam and its comparators against Carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales collected across India: results from ATLAS surveillance 2018 to 2019.

ATLAS (Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance) detects trends in multi-drug resistance longitudinally over time. In the present study, the in vitro activity of ceftazidime-avibactam and comparators was analyzed against Escherichia coli (n = 458) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 455)  isolates obtained from 9 centers across India. The overall susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam was observed to be 72% among K.

The Impact of Cultural Dimensions of Clinicians on the Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare.

Introduction: Healthcare is probably the last frontier that Artificial Intelligence (AI) has not conquered. Cultural factors significantly impact the way healthcare is accessed and delivered. Affordability, educational and social status, physician training, lack of physician talent in difficult to serve areas all contribute to this.

Minimally Invasive Successful Reconstruction of a Severely Traumatized Upper Extremity Using Platelet-Rich Plasma and Tissue Scaffold: A Case Report.

Minimally invasive reconstruction combines principles of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for healing complex wounds. This approach was successfully demonstrated on a 64-year-old diabetic and hypertensive male patient, who was brought unconscious to our emergency after surviving an automobile collision with severe brain and right-dominant upper extremity injuries. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia, severe anemia, diffuse axonal brain injury, wrist drop, and loss of thumb extension and abduction were noted.

Dysregulation of X-ray repair cross-complementing 4 expression in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis.

Recent data suggest that the DNA damage response (DDR) is altered in the eutopic endometrium (EE) of women with endometriosis and this probably ensues in response to higher DNA damage encountered by the EE in endometriosis. DDR operates in a tissue-specific manner and involves different pathways depending on the type of DNA lesions. Among these pathways, the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway plays a critical role in the repair of dsDNA breaks.

Intensive Care in India in 2018-2019: The Second Indian Intensive Care Case Mix and Practice Patterns Study.

Background: We aimed to study organizational aspects, case mix, and practices in Indian intensive care units (ICUs) from 2018 to 2019, following the Indian Intensive Care Case Mix and Practice Patterns Study (INDICAPS) of 2010-2011.

Methods: An observational, 4-day point prevalence study was performed between 2018 and 2019. ICU, patient characteristics, and interventions were recorded for 24 hours, and ICU outcomes till 30 days after the study day.

BATHE Consultation Model and Patients' Satisfaction: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial among Adults with Chronic Illness in a Tertiary Health Facility in North-Central Nigeria.

Introduction: BATHE is a consultation model mnemonic that stands for Background, Affect, Trouble, Handling, and Empathy. It is gaining fame in medicine because it offers person-centered care in time constrained setting and does not interfere with the physicians' ability to see large number of patients in a given day. We investigated the satisfaction scores of patients with chronic illnesses using BATHE model and the usual care (Subjective, Objective, Assessment and Plan, SOAP) model in a busy family medicine clinic.