Factors associated with knowledge and practice regarding oxygen administration: A cross-sectional study among registered nurses working in wards and ICUs at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Background: Oxygen is a vital therapy approved by WHO, crucial for critically ill patients as a supplemental treatment. Nurses' pivotal role in oxygen administration is poorly understood. This study aimed to assess factors associated with oxygen administration to critically ill patients among nurses at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Knowledge of Mandatory Reporting Laws and Recording of Clients' Abuse Data: Effects of a Sexual Health Curriculum Training for Health Students in Tanzania.

Tanzania mandated reporting laws aim to identify and address child abuse, yet healthcare students' awareness and reporting are limited. This study assessed training's impact on their knowledge of reporting laws and handling confidential child abuse data. The study involved 412 medical and nursing students in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), with 206 participants receiving sexual health training and a waitlist control group of equal size receiving no intervention.

Utility of glass slide morphology (GSM) and whole slide image (WSI) in the diagnosis of acute leukemia (AL) by types.

Acute leukemia (AL) is a diverse group of hematological malignancies characterised by the accumulation of immature blast cells in the bone marrow. Accurate classification into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is essential for treatment and prognosis. This study aimed to assess the performance of glass slide morphology (GSM) using a light microscope versus whole slide imaging (WSI) in diagnosing and classifying AL, using flow cytometry as the gold standard test.

Efficient Detection of West Nile Virus in Urine Specimens by a Novel In-House RT-qPCR Detection Kit.

West Nile Virus (WNV) infection represents a major global public health challenge. Even though most of the patients are asymptomatic, some cases progress to critical condition which may be fatal. Diagnosis traditionally relies on serological methods, but their limitations, including cross-reactivity, highlight the need for alternative approaches.

Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections Among Hemodialysis Patients in Northern Tanzania: Insights From a Single-Centre Retrospective Study.

Background And Aims: A catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is a life-threatening complication of hemodialysis. It is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality and a costly long hospital stay. Despite its burden, little is known about the factors associated with it and the antibiogram of its responsible causative bacteria.

Identifying risk factors for vomiting during diarrhea: A secondary analysis of a randomized trial of zinc supplementation.

Objectives: Supplemental zinc during acute diarrhea reduces illness duration but also increases vomiting. In a recent trial, we found that children receiving lower daily doses of zinc (5 mg or 10 mg vs. 20 mg) had lower rates of vomiting with comparable stool output and duration of diarrhea.

Prevalence and factors associated with burnout among healthcare providers at Kasulu district in Kigoma region, 2024: an analytical cross-sectional study in a primary healthcare setting.

Background: Burnout among healthcare providers affects their well-being and quality of care. Despite its importance, limited data exist on burnout among primary healthcare providers in Tanzania.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of burnout and associated factors among healthcare providers in Kasulu district, Kigoma region, 2024.

Recent Incarceration and HIV Risk Among Women Who Use Heroin.

Importance: Women who use heroin in sub-Saharan Africa face elevated HIV risk linked to structural vulnerability including frequent incarceration. However, little is known about the association between incarceration and drug use and HIV outcomes among women who use heroin in Africa.

Objective: To estimate associations between incarceration and adverse HIV-related and drug use-related outcomes among women who used heroin.

Horseshoe kidney presenting with features of left ureteropelvic junction obstruction-insights into management: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Horseshoe kidney is the most common renal fusion anomaly, occurring in approximately 1 in 500 individuals worldwide. It is characterized by abnormalities in kidney position, rotation, and vascular supply. While often asymptomatic, horseshoe kidneys can lead to urological complications, primarily due to ureteric obstruction and impaired urinary drainage.

The Availability of Paternity Leave in US Surgical Residencies: A Study of Program Websites.

Introduction: As family dynamics evolve, an increasing number of male residents are embracing parenthood during their training. Consequently, paternity leave has emerged as a crucial consideration. The aim of this study was to determine the gap in public availability of paternity leave policies in surgical residency programs across the United States.

Getting the numbers right: Power, creativity and 'good' routine maternal and neonatal health data in Southern Tanzania.

What makes routine maternal and neonatal health data to be 'good quality'? That depends on whom you ask - the people collecting and reporting these data across health system levels have different priorities and face varying constraints. Data are constructed by people, about people, and they both reflect and impact human interactions. This study analyses the power dynamics shaping how routine health data are collected and reported in labour wards of two hospitals in Southern Tanzania.

Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing of Cell-Free DNA to Detect -Immunoglobulin Translocation and Epstein-Barr Virus DNA in Plasma of Burkitt Lymphoma Patients in East Africa.

Purpose: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive Burkitt lymphoma (BL) affects children in sub-Saharan Africa, but diagnosis via tissue biopsy is challenging. We explored a liquid biopsy approach using targeted next-generation sequencing to detect the -immunoglobulin (-Ig) translocation and EBV DNA, assessing its potential for minimally invasive BL diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: The panel included targets for the characteristic -Ig translocation, mutations in intron 1 of , mutations in exon 2 of , and three EBV genes: EBV-encoded RNA (EBER)1, EBER2, and EBV nuclear antigen 2.

"If my husband was in the labor ward with me, my baby wouldn't have died"; experiences on birth companionship from a tertiary health facility, Tanzania.

Background: Despite existing policies promoting companionship, it remains uncommon in Tanzania. Pregnant women select a trusted individual to accompany them during childbirth, providing emotional, physical, and spiritual support. The World Health Organization recommends birth companionship as integral to intrapartum care for positive maternal and fetal outcomes.

Family Perspectives on Stigma Toward Women Who Use Drugs in Tanzania.

The stigma surrounding drug use adversely affects the health and wellbeing of people who use drugs. With projected increases in drug use in Africa over the next decade, understanding public perceptions of drug use is critical. This study explores perceptions and attitudes toward illicit drug use from the viewpoint of the families of women who use drugs.

Role of infant and early-childhood nutrition on gut inflammation, stunting, growth, and development in the African context: A narrative review.

This article synthesizes the existing research evidence from Tanzania, a low- to middle-income country, highlighting the persistent issue of growth stunting. Stunting begins early in life, potentially even in utero. It is becoming increasingly clear that infant and childhood environmental enteric dysfunction plays a significant role in perpetuating the observed stunting.

Healthcare provider perspectives on barriers and facilitators to integration of cardiovascular disease-related care into HIV care and treatment clinics in urban Tanzania.

Background: The increase in the dual burden of HIV and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), calls for the provision of integrated HIV/CVD care. This study aimed to explore barriers and facilitators to the integration of HIV/CVD care within HIV care and treatment clinics (CTCs) in urban, Tanzania.

Methods: Between March and April 2023, we conducted 12 key informant interviews with healthcare providers at six HIV CTCs in urban, Tanzania.

Pharmacovigilance systems for safety monitoring of herbal medicines: assessment of the national regulatory authority, manufacturers and marketing authorisation holders in Tanzania.

Background: The increase in the consumption of herbal medicines and their documented adverse reactions (ARs) necessitate countries to have good pharmacovigilance (PV) systems at all levels. PV systems should be frequently assessed in a systematic manner with available harmonised tools to monitor the implementation of efforts, strengthen the systems and identify areas for improvement.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the performance of pharmacovigilance and its quality systems for monitoring herbal medicine safety at the National PV Centre at the Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA), manufacturers and herbal medicine marketing authorisation holders (MAHs) to identify gaps, challenges and opportunities for improvement.

Educate, Advocate, Act Now: a sustainable approach to combating antimicrobial resistance TODAY.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a great challenge to health systems all over the world. It is exacerbated by the abuse, misuse and overuse of antimicrobials in humans, animals, plants and the environment. This viewpoint emphasizes the critical need to address the challenges of AMR through an integrated, long-term approach that focuses on education, advocacy and collective action.

Factors associated with chronic kidney disease knowledge and preventive practices: An analytical cross-sectional study among patients with hypertension at Amana Regional Referral Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Background: Globally, Chronic kidney Disease (CKD) has become a significant public health concern, with sub-Saharan Africa being among the populations experiencing the highest rates. Managing CKD poses a significant challenge due to its health complications and associated high cost of care. Hypertension is one of the leading causes of CKD, responsible for the decline in kidney function in patients.

"They are not HIV treatments drugs; they are preventive drugs (PrEP)". Experiences of PrEP uptake among vulnerable adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania.

Introduction: HIV poses a significant global health concern, affecting adolescents among other populations. This is attributed to various vulnerabilities including biological factors, gender inequalities and limited access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services in sub-Saharan Africa. In Tanzania, adolescent girls, and young women (AGYW) face double the risk of HIV infection compared to their male counterparts.

Clinical depression prevalence and associated factors among adolescents with sickle cell anemia in dar es salaam, tanzania: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Depression commonly arises among adolescents who have experienced long-standing psychosocial difficulties, especially those facing chronic illnesses such as sickle cell anemia (SCA). SCA is a global health concern, and Tanzania is one of the countries with a high incidence, estimated at 8,000-11,000 births per year. This study aims to assess the magnitude and factors associated with depression among adolescents with SCA.

Androgen receptor overexpression by immunohistochemistry in malignant salivary gland tumors in Tanzania.

Background: Malignant salivary gland tumors (SGTs) present diagnostic challenges and limited treatment options. This study aims to determine the proportion of malignant SGTs overexpressing the androgen receptor (AR) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and its association to age, sex, anatomical site, histopathological subtype and grade which may inform customized treatment approaches.

Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional analytical study of archived paraffin embedded tissue blocks of malignant SGTs diagnosed at MNH Central Pathology Laboratory (CPL) from January 2019 to December 2022.

Co-existence of two bla and bla on distinct plasmids in a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from a tertiary hospital, Tanzania.

Purpose: To understand the mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) from Tanzania and characterize the genomes carrying the carbapenemase genes.

Methods: Clinical CRKP isolates were selected from ongoing antimicrobial-resistant surveillance at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Whole-genome sequencing was performed utilizing Illumina and Nanopore platforms.

Going paperless: the strengths and limitations of electronic research ethics information management system in a health training institution in Tanzania.

Background: Over the years, the processing of research proposals for ethical approvals have been done manually through a review of hard copies. Longer turn-around-time, increased financial costs to researchers and cumbersome submission processes are few of the challenges inherent to paper-based review of research proposals. This has necessitated the shift to electronic management of research proposals, Research Ethics Information Management Systems (REIMS).