Anti-racism, Heterosexism, and Transphobia: Strategies for Adolescent Health Promotion Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Anti-Black racism, heterosexism, and transphobia are significant public health concerns contributing to poor adolescent health outcomes. The authors introduce the health-equity adapted STYLE framework to increase knowledge and awareness of Black and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, non-binary, queer, questioning, asexual, or intersex (LGBTQ) + intersectionality. Guided by case examples, the authors identify key strategies to promote anti-racist, anti-heterosexist, and anti-transphobic practices.

Dissociative episodes characterised by hair-pulling in a late adolescent woman.

A woman in late adolescence with a history of sickle cell disease, moyamoya disease, cerebrovascular accident, mild intellectual disability, post-traumatic stress disorder, functional seizures, generalised anxiety disorder and transient psychosis was referred for a psychiatry consultation. She presented with worsening episodes of dissociation characterised by compulsory hair-pulling. Limited research exists regarding patients engaging in activities of automated behaviour during episodes of dissociation.

Comparing Cystatin C- and Creatinine-Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rates in Patients With Thoracic Versus Sacral Motor Levels of Spina Bifida.

Objective: Patients with myelomeningocele-type spina bifida are at increased risk of developing kidney disease from neurogenic bladder. Differences between creatinine- and cystatin C-estimated glomerular filtration rates were examined in patients with thoracic versus sacral level myelomeningocele given presumed differences in muscle mass.

Design: A retrospective chart review (2005-2018) was performed on 57 adults with myelomeningocele [thoracic n = 44 (77%); sacral n = 13 (23%)].

Addressing Structural Racism Is Critical for Ameliorating the Childhood Obesity Epidemic in Black Youth.

Racism and childhood obesity are both pervasive factors adversely affecting the health and wellbeing of children and adolescents in the United States. The association between racism and obesity has been touched upon in the literature; yet most work has focused on a few dimensions of intersectionality of these two domains at one time. The renewed focus on structural racism as the primary contributor to distress of Black individuals in the United States has highlighted the urgency of identifying the contributions of racism to the childhood obesity epidemic.

Anti-Racism Strategies in Pediatric Psychology: Using STYLE Can Help Children Overcome Adverse Experiences With Police.

Black children are exposed to police violence at alarming rates. Such stress impacts development and treatment of physical health problems. In the current discourse, we introduce STYLE (Self-examination, Talk about community-police relations and racism, Yield space and time to anti-racism work, Learn about how structural racism impacts child health, Evaluate policies and practices through an anti-racism lens).

Animal Interaction Affecting Core Deficit Domains Among Children with Autism: A Meta-Analysis.

Animal-assisted intervention (AAI) has garnered public interest and has been implemented for youth with autism spectrum disorders-a practice supported by anecdotal evidence. While investigations of AAI for children with autism have been conducted, the extant literature is characterized by significant variability in methodology and practice. The present meta-analysis examines the aggregated effects of equine AAI on adaptive functioning among children with autism.

Interaction and influence of child and family characteristics upon success of weight management treatment.

Purpose: Interventions to address childhood obesity demonstrate moderate effects at best. Previous research has focused on factors of the intervention that influence success. Yet, effective overweight and obesity interventions require an interaction between family and individual factors.

The modified Atkins diet in children with Prader-Willi syndrome.

Background: Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is the most common genetic cause of obesity. Various dietary strategies have been used for weight management for people with PWS.

Methods: This was a clinical feasibility study to test the use of the Modified Atkins Diet (low carbohydrate and high fat) for children with PWS ages 6-12 years who were overweight/obese.

Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Integrated Psychology Services in a Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic.

Including psychology services in pediatric endocrinology clinics may improve patients' adherence to diabetes management behaviors, and, subsequently, glycemic control; however, an evaluation of the impact and cost-effectiveness of this integration is needed. The change in HbA1c and cost-effectiveness of integrated psychology services, from the hospital and insurance provider perspectives, were evaluated using a linear effects model and Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios (ICERs). Data from 378 patients with T1D (50% female; 65% Caucasian; M age = 12.

Pediatric Psychologists' Collaboration in a National Pediatric Obesity Initiative: A Case Study in Interprofessional Collaboration.

Health Care reform calls for collaborative team-based care; psychologists must therefore strengthen their competencies for work in interprofessional clinical care settings. Toward that end, a group of psychologists participated with physicians, dieticians, physical activity specialists, nurses, and others in a national interprofessional workgroup focused on pediatric obesity. The interprofessional group was designed to identify areas in need of national advocacy, key assessment and treatment concerns, and gaps in internal policies and procedures in children's hospitals.

Atomoxetine treatment for children and adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a comprehensive meta-analysis of outcomes on parent-rated core symptomatology.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) impacts a significant number of children and adolescents and often leads to deleterious functional impairment. Psychostimulant medication has historically been the first line of pharmacological intervention, though recent years have seen greater attention paid to non-stimulant alternatives. The objective of the present study was to conduct the most comprehensive meta-analysis to date evaluating the efficacy of atomoxetine in reducing core symptomatology of ADHD according to parent report.

Expectations for Treatment in Pediatric Weight Management and Relationship to Attrition.

Background: Attrition in pediatric weight management negatively impacts treatment outcomes. A potentially modifiable contributor to attrition is unmet family expectations. This study aimed to evaluate the association between adolescent and parent/guardian treatment expectations and attrition.

Pediatric Weight Management Program Outcomes in a Largely Minority, Low Socioeconomic Status Population.

This article describes the outcomes of a pediatric weight management program for a population primarily composed of minority ethnic groups and those from a lower socioeconomic status group. As these groups are disproportionally affected by pediatric obesity and overweight complicated by higher rates of attrition and poorer response to intervention, it is important that adequate and effective treatment exists for patients in these groups. Further research is needed to analyze the outcomes and attrition in these high-risk populations.

Physical Activity in Clinical Pediatric Weight Management Programs: Current Practices and Recommendations.

Physical activity (PA) is essential for youth weight management. FOCUS on a Fitter Future (FFF), a group of health care professionals from 25 children's hospitals, sponsored by the Children's Hospital Association, examined current care practices for overweight and obese youth with the goal of building consensus on outcome measurements and quality improvement for pediatric weight management programs (WMPs). WMPs completed a survey regarding PA practices, including testing, assessment and intervention.

Three dimensionality of gleno-humeral deformities in obstetrical brachial plexus palsy.

The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that gleno-humeral deformity in children and adolescent with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy is three-dimensional (3D). The study also compared the metrological properties of typical two-dimensional gleno-humeral measures to the newly developed 3D measures. Thirteen individuals (age = 11.

In vivo pediatric shoulder muscle volumes and their relationship to 3D strength.

In the pediatric shoulder, injury and pathology can disrupt the muscle force balance, resulting in severe functional losses. As little data exists pertaining to in vivo pediatric shoulder muscle function, musculoskeletal data are crucially needed to advance the treatment of pediatric shoulder pathology/injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a pediatric database of in vivo volumes for the major shoulder muscles and correlate these volumes with maximum isometric flexion/extension, internal/external rotation, and abduction/adduction joint moments.

Three-dimensional humeral morphologic alterations and atrophy associated with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy.

Background: Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) is a common birth injury, resulting in severe functional losses. Yet, little is known about how OBPP affects the 3-dimensional (3D) humeral morphology. Thus, the purpose of this study was to measure the 3D humeral architecture in children with unilateral OBPP.

Training School Mental Health Providers to Deliver Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy.

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental health difficulties experienced by youth. A well-established literature has identified cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) as the gold-standard psychosocial treatment for youth anxiety disorders. Access to CBT in community clinics is limited, but a potential venue for the provision of CBT for child anxiety disorders is the school setting.

The Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA): internal consistency (Q₁ vs. Q₂ and Q₃ vs. Q₄) in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

The internal consistency of the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) was examined in a cohort of 6- to 12-year-old children (N = 63) strictly diagnosed with ADHD. The internal consistency of errors of omission (OMM), errors of commission (COM), response time (RT), and response time variability (RTV) of different test conditions (stimulus infrequent condition [Q₁ vs. Q₂] and stimulus frequent condition [Q₃ vs.

Early neurodevelopmental markers predictive of mortality in infants infected with HIV-1.

One-hundred and fifty-seven vertically infected HIV-1 positive infants (85 males, 72 females) underwent longitudinal assessment to determine whether early neurodevelopmental markers are useful predictors of mortality in those infants who survive to at least 4 months of age. Survival analysis methods were used to estimate time to death for quartiles of 4-month scores (baseline) on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID). Cox proportional hazards progression was used to estimate relative hazard (RH, 95% CI) of death for BSID scores and potential confounders.

Re-examining the factor structure of the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning: implications for clinical interpretation.

The intercorrelation matrices of the standardization sample of the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML), a multi-component measure of memory functioning in children ages 5 to 17 years, were submitted to a hierarchical exploratory principal factor analysis (PFA). The PFA solutions were examined and compared with the published principal components analysis (PCA) solutions with the goal of examining the validity of the clinical scale configuration (Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, and Learning) proposed by the test authors. Results of the PFA differ from the PCA and do not provide statistical support for the existing three-scale structure nor the division between memory and learning.