Farm-to-fork changes in poultry microbiomes and resistomes in Maputo City, Mozambique.

Unlabelled: Increasing demand for poultry has spurred poultry production in low- and middle-income countries like Mozambique. Poultry may be an important source of foodborne, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to consumers in settings with limited water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure. The Chicken Exposures and Enteric Pathogens in Children Exposed through Environmental Pathways (ChEEP ChEEP) study was conducted in Maputo City, Mozambique from 2019 to 2021 to quantify enteric pathogen exposures along the supply chain for commercial and local (i.

Contribution of fish to food and nutrition security in Southern Africa: challenges and opportunities in fish production.

This study investigated the role of fish in addressing food and nutrition security challenges in Southern Africa, focusing on 10 countries including Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Eswatini, and South Africa. It examined the current state of food and nutrition security, fish production, and fish consumption patterns. Additionally, the study investigated the challenges and opportunities to enhance fish production in these countries thereby enhancing food and nutrition security.

Diagnostic performance of biopsy-based methods for determination of Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic Mozambican patients.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium capable of colonizing the human stomach, which can lead to various gastrointestinal conditions. Several invasive and non-invasive methods exist for diagnosing H.

Gathering information on maternal immunization readiness in Bangladesh, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, and Nepal: Applying a WHO checklist.

New respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) maternal vaccines have begun roll out in some countries, with efforts in progress to broaden access worldwide and shorten the timeline to access for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Prior to new maternal immunization (MI) introductions, countries will need to evaluate their capacity and readiness for successful introduction. The World Health Organization's Maternal Immunization and Antenatal Care Situation Analysis (MIACSA) project (2016-2019) developed a checklist for countries to self-evaluate their capacity to introduce new maternal vaccines.

Sharing Data and Transferring Samples Within Pediatric Clinical Studies: How to Overcome Challenges and Make Them a Science Opportunity.

EPIICAL (Early treated Perinatally HIV-Infected individuals: Improving Children's Actual Life) is a consortium of European and non-European research-driven organizations inter-connected with the aim of establishing a clinical and experimental platform for the early identification of novel therapeutic strategies for the pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Within the EPIICAL project, several pediatric clinical studies were conducted, requiring the collection and transfer of biological samples and associated data across boundaries within and outside Europe. To ensure compliance with the applicable rules on pediatric data and sample transfer and to support the efforts of academic partners, which may not always have the necessary expertise and resources in place for designing, managing and conducting multi-national studies, the consortium established a dedicated expert Working Group.

Resveratrol and Female Fertility: A Systematic Review.

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound that may have multiple influences on human health, including antiaging, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, antioxidant, insulin-sensitizing, cardioprotective and vasodilating activities. Growing evidence also suggests a potential positive effect of resveratrol on female fertility. The aim of the present study was to collate and appraise the scientific literature on the relationship between resveratrol and female fertility.

Usability of simplified audiometry and electrocardiogram during treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Mozambique: a qualitative study.

Background: In 2021, there were approximately 450,000 cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) worldwide. The treatment of DR-TB historically included expensive and toxic injectable drugs leading to adverse effects including ototoxicity and Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities. This study described the perspectives of healthcare providers and people with DR-TB on the usability of simplified audiometry and ECG for monitoring treatment adverse effects.

Morbidity associated with schistosomiasis in adult population of Chókwè district, Mozambique.

Background: Mozambique is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of schistosomiasis, although there is little data on the prevalence of disease and associated morbidity in the adult population. This study aimed to describe and characterize the morbidity associated with schistosomiasis in the adult population of Chókwè district and to explore the use of anamnestic questionnaires and urine dipsticks, as well as point-of-care ultrasound for urinary related findings, to better characterize disease prevalence and morbidity.

Methodology: Between April and October 2018, we conducted a cross-sectional study embedded within the Chókwè Health Research and Training Centre.

Association between Food Insecurity, Socioeconomic Status of the Household Head, and Hypertension and Diabetes in Maputo City.

Metabolic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are increasingly recognized as not just medical issues, but as complex conditions influenced by various factors. This study aimed to explore the association between food insecurity (FI) and hypertension and diabetes and how socioeconomic status influences this relationship. Based on a cross‑sectional study of 1,820 participants conducted in Maputo City, FI was measured using a modified version of the US Department of Agriculture scale; metabolic diseases were assessed using self‑reports of the actual diagnoses, and data were analyzed through multinomial regression and interaction terms.

Transforming the Health Research Workforce in Mozambique: Achievements of the Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER) over a 13‑Year Journey.

African research capacity is challenged by insufficient infrastructure to solicit and manage grants from local and international funding agencies. The manuscript provides an overview and discusses lessons learned about the pioneering role of the Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER) as the first research support center (RSC) in supporting the management of research grants in Mozambique, emphasizing its impact on research capacity development. Using mixed methods, data were comprehensively collected to identify MIHER's primary achievements from 2010 to 2023.

Protecting the most vulnerable: The urgent need to include HIV-exposed children in malaria chemoprevention strategies.

Raquel González and colleagues discuss the drugs available to HIV-exposed children to prevent malaria infection and the urgent need to evaluate alternative agents.

Efficacy of fenbendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected goats in Maputo Province, Mozambique using in vivo, in vitro and molecular assessment.

Anthelmintic resistance occurs worldwide in strongyles of ruminants but data from low-income countries are sparse and rarely apply most up to date methods, while effects of management practices in these countries are poorly documented. In Mozambique, benzimidazole resistance has been previously reported; the present study followed this up in detail, applying in vivo faecal egg count (FEC) reduction test (FECRT), in vitro egg hatch test (EHT) and molecular deep amplicon sequencing approaches targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2, nemabiome) and the isotype 1 β-tubulin gene to determine the resistance status on farms and the strongyle species involved. Adult Landim goats (433) from six semi-intensive and ten extensive farms (22-30 animals/farm) from Maputo Province were visited April 2021 to February 2022.

Epidemiological and Radiomorphometric Aspects of the Accessory Mental Foramen in Brazilian Individuals: An Analysis by Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

Background: The accessory mental foramen is characterized by small foramina in the surrounding area of the mental foramen with communication with the mandibular canal. The aim of this research was to evaluate epidemiological and radiomorphometric aspects of the accessory mental foramen (AMF) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in Brazilian individuals.

Material And Methods: This was a cross-sectional, quantitative, retrospective descriptive study with 250 CBCT scans of dentate individuals in the anterior mandibular region, aged between 18 and 69 years.

Interbreeding area movement of an adult humpback whale between the east Pacific Ocean and southwest Indian Ocean.

Humpback whales undertake one of the longest known migrations of any mammal. While their migration route generally extends between latitudes, the breeding stocks are longitudinally separated and display high site fidelity to their feeding grounds. While there is an indication of certain breeding stocks overlapping with each other, the current information on the migration routes of humpback whales within the Southern Hemisphere limits our understanding of the extent of this exchange.

Prognostic performance of early immune and endothelial activation markers in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 outpatients: a nested case-control study.

Introduction: Evidence on the association of biomarkers of host response to infection with COVID-19 clinical outcomes has focused mainly on hospitalized patients. We investigated the prognostic performance of 39 immune and endothelial activation markers measured early in the course of disease to predict the development of severe COVID-19 and hospitalization.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study from a randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in outpatients aged 50 years or older presenting with mild-to-moderate COVID-19.

Predictors of household drinking water E. coli contamination: Population-based results from rural areas of Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zambia.

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, rural areas have lower rates of access to safe drinking water compared to urban areas. We investigated predictors of Escherichia coli contamination in drinking water of rural households in Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zambia.

Methods: We used a population-based, cluster randomized sampling design to select rural households in each country.

Living in the Minds of Others: How Pudor and Social Judgements Affect Women's Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake in Mozambique?

Mozambique introduced its cervical cancer screening programme in 2009, but only 3.5% of the target women participate in screening annually. While previous research has focused on provision and access to service, and women's cognitive barriers to screening, this study explores the emotional factors, particularly pudor, that affect women's acceptance of screening.

Purchase, consumption, and ownership of chickens and chicken products among households in Maputo, Mozambique: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Chickens are an important source of animal protein, nutrition, and income in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). They are also a major reservoir of enteropathogens that contribute to the burden of illnesses among children. Food systems present a risk for transmission of enteropathogens from poultry to humans, but there is a lack of population-level data on the pattern of purchase, ownership, and consumption of live chickens and their products in LMICs to better characterize that risk.

Multiomics analysis reveals microbial diversity and activity through spontaneous fermentation of .

To gain insight into the active microbiota during spontaneous fermentation of L., this study assessed protein diversity during 120 h using a combined metabarconding and metaproteomics approach. During the first days of fermentation, most of the peptides were associated with and yeast (0-72 h).

Benzimidazole Resistance-Associated Mutations in the β-tubulin Gene of Hookworms: A Systematic Review.

There is a growing number of reports on the occurrence of benzimidazole resistance-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene of various helminths of veterinary, and public health concerns. However, a comprehensive analysis of their occurrence, and their contributions to conferring benzimidazole resistance among hookworms has yet to be done. The objectives of this systematic review are to summarize and synthesize peer-reviewed evidence on the occurrence of these resistance-associated mutations in hookworms, document their geographical distribution, and assess their contributions to conferring phenotypic resistance.

Lessons learned from the risk-informed urban development initiative in the SADC region.

Unlabelled: This study presents the systemisation of lessons learned from the urban sector in which the measures based on the guiding principle of risk-informed development (RID) have been implemented in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region at the national and/or sub-national levels. Despite notable risks in the region, these are not adequately considered in urban development planning and programming. Aiming at strengthening RID in the SADC region, the objectives of this peer-to-peer exchange were achieved through virtual workshops, roundtables and briefings on a cloud-based and open-source BigBlueButton Web conferencing system.

Analysis of tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancer attributable to respiratory system-related risk factors in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.

Introduction: We analyzed trends in the tracheal, bronchial, and lung (TBL) cancer disease burdens attributable to respiratory system-related risk factors in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.

Material And Methods: Based on the results of the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study, we calculated and analyzed the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in the age-standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates and death rates of TBL cancer attributable to total and four individual risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally.

Results: From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized DALY rate and death rate of TBL cancer only attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution increased globally, and in all Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) quintiles, except for high SDI quintiles.

The Lasiocampidae (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampoidea) of Maputo Special Reserve, Mozambique: a provisional checklist with descriptions of three new species and taxonomic notes.

A preliminary checklist of 39 species of lappet moths (Lasiocampidae) is provided for Maputo Special Reserve in southern Mozambique of which three are new to science, Diapalpus smithi sp. n., Eutricha giustii sp.