Legume content estimation from UAV image in grass-legume meadows: comparison methods based on the UAV coverage vs. field biomass.

Legume content (LC) in grass-legume mixtures is important for assessing forage quality and optimizing fertilizer application in meadow fields. This study focuses on differences in LC measurements obtained from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images and ground surveys based on dry matter assessments in seven meadow fields in Hokkaido, Japan. We propose a UAV-based LC (LC) estimation and mapping method using a land cover map from a simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) algorithm and a random forest (RF) classifier.

Post-Exercise Hypotension after Exercising in Hypoxia with and Without Tart Cherry Supplementation.

Horiuchi Masahiro and Samuel J. Oliver. Post-exercise hypotension after exercising in hypoxia with and without tart cherry supplementation.

Effects of Human Harvesting, Residences, and Forage Abundance on Deer Spatial Distribution.

It has been known that harvesting by humans strongly influences individual within-home range habitat selection of many deer species; however, little is known about the effect of harvesting on coarse-scale habitat selection (i.e., spatial distribution).

Influence of Smoking and Alcohol Habits on Symptoms of Acute Mountain Sickness on Mount Fuji: A Questionnaire Survey-Based Pilot Study.

Horiuchi, Masahiro, Satomi Mitsui, and Tadashi Uno. Influence of smoking and alcohol habits on symptoms of acute mountain sickness on Mount Fuji: a questionnaire survey-based pilot study. 00:000-000, 2024.

Influence of short-term hypoxic exposure on spatial learning and memory function and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats-A practical implication to human's lost way.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a short period of normobaric hypoxic exposure on spatial learning and memory, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the rat hippocampus. Hypoxic conditions were set at 12.5% O.

Evaluation of vehicle running performance on ash-covered roads.

The scale of volcanic eruptions influences the effects of wide-ranging disasters involving ashfall, such as the disruption of lifelines and paralysis of urban functions. This highlights the importance of vehicle availability on ash-covered roads for disaster management personnel involved in rescue and recovery efforts and for citizens who must evacuate or continue their social lives. We conducted tests to scientifically verify the running ability of vehicles on ash-covered roads.

Effects of intermittent exercise during prolonged sitting on executive function, cerebrovascular, and psychological response: a randomized crossover trial.

Emerging evidence indicates that acute bouts of uninterrupted prolonged sitting decrease cerebral blood flow and impair executive function. Few studies have investigated the use of feasible sedentary behavior interruptions to attenuate these effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of intermittent half-squat exercises during prolonged sitting on executive function.

Comparative physiology of canopy tree leaves in evergreen and deciduous forests in lowland Thailand.

The typical seasonally dry forests in Southeast Asia are the mixed deciduous forest (MDF), dry dipterocarp (deciduous) forest (DDF), and dry evergreen forest (DEF). We obtained 21 physiological traits in the top/sunlit leaves of 107, 65 and 51 tree species in MDF, DEF and DDF, respectively. Approximately 70%, 95% and 95% of canopy tree species which consist of MDF, DEF and DDF are sampled, respectively.

Greater post-exercise hypotension in healthy young untrained men after exercising in a hot compared to a temperate environment.

This research examined the effects of exercising in a hot compared to a temperate environment on post-exercise hemodynamics in untrained men. We hypothesized exercise in a hot compared to a temperate environment would elicit greater post-exercise hypotension, and this would be attributable to higher cutaneous vascular conductance and sweat loss, and lower heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS). In a randomized counterbalanced order, 12 untrained healthy men completed two trials involving 40-min leg-cycling exercise at either 23 °C (CON) or 35 °C (HOT).

The effect of four weeks blood flow restricted resistance training on macro- and micro-vascular function in healthy, young men.

Purpose: To determine the macrovascular and microvascular function responses to resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) compared to high-load resistance training (HLRT) control group.

Methods: Twenty-four young, healthy men were randomly assigned to BFR or HLRT. Participants performed bilateral knee extensions and leg presses 4 days per week, for 4 weeks.

Different Influencing Factors for Risk of Falls Between Men and Women while Descending from Mount Fuji.

Introduction: Annually, approximately 250,000 people climb Mount Fuji in Japan. Nonetheless, only few studies have examined the prevalence of falls and related factors on Mount Fuji.

Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey of 1061 participants (703 men and 358 women) who had climbed Mount Fuji.

Associations between estimated and measured carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in older Black and White adults: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study.

Introduction: Aortic stiffness offers important insight into vascular aging and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The referent measure of aortic stiffness is carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). cfPWV can be estimated (ePWV) from age and mean arterial pressure.

Blood glucose responses are associated with prolonged sitting-induced changes in arterial stiffness: a randomized crossover trial.

Objective: To determine whether the vascular dysfunction response to prolonged sitting combined with hyperglycemia can be mitigated with simple and feasible sitting interruption exercises.

Methods: Twenty healthy young adults [50% women, 21 (2) years, BMI of 21.5 (1.

Effects of exercise habituation and aging on the intersegmental coordination of lower limbs during walking with sinusoidal speed change.

Background: The time courses of the joint elevation angles of the thigh, shank, and foot in one stride during walking can be well approximated by a "plane" in a triaxial space. This intersegmental coordination (IC) of the lower limb elevation angles is referred to as the planar covariation law. We examined the effects of exercise habituation and aging on the thickness of the IC plane of the lower limbs under sinusoidal speed changing conditions.

Comparisons Between Normobaric Normoxic and Hypoxic Recovery on Post-exercise Hemodynamics After Sprint Interval Cycling in Hypoxia.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of either normoxic or hypoxic recovery condition on post-exercise hemodynamics after sprint interval leg cycling exercise rather than hemodynamics during exercise. The participants performed five sets of leg cycling with a maximal effort (30 s exercise for each set) with a 4-min recovery of unloaded cycling between the sets in hypoxia [fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO) = 0.145].

Macrovascular and microvascular responses to prolonged sitting with and without bodyweight exercise interruptions: A randomized cross-over trial.

Exposure to uninterrupted prolonged sitting leads to macro- and microvascular complications, which can contribute to increased cardiovascular disease risk. This study investigated the macrovascular and microvascular responses to 3 h of sitting that was: (i) uninterrupted (CON); and (ii) interrupted every 20 min with 1 min light intensity half squats plus calf raises (EX). Twenty healthy participants (21 [SD: 2] years; 21.

A Primer on Repeated Sitting Exposure and the Cardiovascular System: Considerations for Study Design, Analysis, Interpretation, and Translation.

Sedentary behavior, particularly sitting, is ubiquitous in many contemporary societies. This is a major societal concern considering the evidence for a strong association between sitting behavior and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Unsurprisingly, leading public health agencies have begun to advocate "reduction" in sitting behavior.

The influence of short-term high-altitude acclimatization on cerebral and leg tissue oxygenation post-orthostasis.

Purpose: Orthostasis at sea level decreases brain tissue oxygenation and increases risk of syncope. High altitude reduces brain and peripheral muscle tissue oxygenation. This study determined the effect of short-term altitude acclimatization on cerebral and peripheral leg tissue oxygenation index (TOI) post-orthostasis.

Does change in barometric pressure per given time at high altitude influence symptoms of acute mountain sickness on Mount Fuji? A pilot study.

Background: Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a common, transient condition characterized primarily by headaches, and it can also be associated with fatigue, dizziness, and nausea with vomiting. The symptoms of AMS are most pronounced after the first night spent at a new altitude. At sea level, changes in barometric pressure per given time have been associated with migraine headaches.

Dietary Fructooligosaccharides Reduce Mercury Levels in the Brain of Mice Exposed to Methylmercury.

Methylmercury (MeHg) exposure during pregnancy is a concern because of its potential health risks to fetuses. Intestinal microbiota has important roles in the decomposition and fecal excretion of MeHg. We investigated the effect of nondigestible saccharides on the accumulation and excretion of Hg after MeHg exposure.

Effects of compression stockings on lower-limb venous and arterial system responses to prolonged sitting: A randomized cross-over trial.

Exposure to prolonged sitting increases blood pooling and the risk of lower-extremity vascular arterial and venous complications, including deep vein thrombosis. Compression garment stockings (CGS) may prevent pooling, thereby mitigating the associated vascular complications. Three aims were addressed: (i) does use of CGS help to prevent blood pooling; (ii) does blood pooling correlate with decreased stroke volume; and (iii) does use of CGS preserve leg arterial flow-mediated dilation and reactive hyperemia response.

Effect of Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Solution Including Bicarbonate Ion Ad Libitum Ingestion on Urine Bicarbonate Retention during Mountain Trekking: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study.

We investigated whether bicarbonate ion (HCO) in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CE+HCO) ingested during climbing to 3000 m on Mount Fuji could increase urine HCO retention. This study was a randomized, controlled pilot study. Sixteen healthy lowlander adults were divided into two groups (six males and two females for each): a tap water (TW) group (0 kcal with no energy) and a CE+HCO3 group.