Circuits and mechanisms for TMS-induced corticospinal waves: Connecting sensitivity analysis to the network graph.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive, FDA-cleared treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders with broad potential for new applications, but the neural circuits that are engaged during TMS are still poorly understood. Recordings of neural activity from the corticospinal tract provide a direct readout of the response of motor cortex to TMS, and therefore a new opportunity to model neural circuit dynamics. The study goal was to use epidural recordings from the cervical spine of human subjects to develop a computational model of a motor cortical macrocolumn through which the mechanisms underlying the response to TMS, including direct and indirect waves, could be investigated.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coupled With Visual-Feedback Cycling Exercise Improves Walking Ability and Walking Stability After Stroke: A Randomized Pilot Study.

Stroke survivors exhibit persistent abnormal gait patterns, particularly in diminished walking ability and stability, limiting mobility and increasing the risk of falling. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) coupled with cycling exercise on walking ability and stability in patients with stroke and explore the potential mechanisms underlying motor cortex recovery. In this double-blinded randomized pilot trial, 32 stroke patients were randomly separated into the real-rTMS group (RG, receiving rTMS during active cycling exercise) and the sham-rTMS group (SG, receiving sham rTMS during active cycling exercise).

Retrograde evoked compound action potentials as an alternative for close-loop spinal cord stimulation.

Evoked compound action potential (ECAP) is an important parameter in close-loop spinal cord stimulation (SCS). The recording electrode is typically positioned proximal to the stimulation electrode to capture the antegrade ECAP signals generated by ascending fibers. However, relatively little research has been conducted on retrograde ECAPs.

Sympathetic motor neuron dysfunction is a missing link in age-associated sympathetic overactivity.

Overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system is a hallmark of aging. The cellular mechanisms behind this overactivity remain poorly understood, with most attention paid to likely central nervous system components. In this work, we hypothesized that aging also affects the function of motor neurons in the peripheral sympathetic ganglia.

Impact of low-dose sevoflurane with propofol-based anesthesia on motor-evoked potentials in infants: a single-arm crossover pilot study.

Purpose: The influence of anesthetic interactions on motor-evoked potentials in infants has rarely been reported. In infants, adding a small dose of sevoflurane to propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia is reasonable for reducing propofol administration. We collected preliminary data regarding the effect of low-dose sevoflurane in propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia on motor-evoked potentials in infants.

Intraoperative neuromonitoring and mapping during spinal cord untethering surgery; a single-centre paediatric neurosurgery unit experience.

Purpose: A review of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) and mapping (IONMa) utility during paediatric tethered cord surgery with particular attention to feasibility, measures to prevent injury, and postoperative outcome.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of spinal cord untethering surgery between 2015 and 2022 was carried out. Cohort demographics, IONM and IONMa data, and procedural details were summarised and associations between variables explored.

The effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on cholinergic neural networks in humans: A neurophysiological study.

Objective: The mechanisms of actions of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) are still unclear, however the activity of the cholinergic system seems to be critical for the induction of VNS-mediated plasticity. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a well-suited, non-invasive tool to investigate cortical microcircuits involving different neurotransmitters. Herein, we evaluated the effect of taVNS on short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), a TMS paradigm specifically measuring cholinergic neurotransmission.

Persistent adaptations in sensorimotor interneuron circuits in the motor cortex with a history of sport-related concussion.

Recent studies highlight a persistent increase in subsequent injury risk following a sport-related concussion (SRC) despite clinical recovery. However, markers of persistent alterations in sensorimotor integration have yet to be identified. One possibility is that compensatory adaptation following SRC may only be unmasked during transient periods of high task complexity in specific sensorimotor circuits.

Probing the orientation specificity of excitatory and inhibitory circuitries in the primary motor cortex with multi-channel TMS.

Objective: Electric-field orientation is crucial for optimizing neuronal excitation in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Yet, the stimulus orientation effects on short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) are poorly understood due to technical challenges in manipulating the TMS-induced stimulus orientation within milliseconds. We aimed to assess the orientation sensitivity of SICI and ICF paradigms and identify optimal orientations for motor evoked potential (MEP) facilitation and suppression.

Hearing and balance functions in adults with ıron deficiency.

Background: Because the inner ear requires high-energy metabolism and because of the iron content of some cochlear enzymes, iron deficiency-related hypoxia can affect hearing and the balance system.

Objectives: To evaluate the hearing and balance functions in adults with iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA).

Material And Methods: 22 ID patients, 22 IDA patients and 22 healthy controls underwent pure tone audiometry (0.

MRI Spinal Cord Reconstruction Provides Insights into Mapping and Migration Following Percutaneous Epidural Stimulation Implantation in Spinal Cord Injury.

: Spinal cord epidural stimulation (SCES) has the potential to restore motor functions following spinal cord injury (SCI). Spinal cord mapping is a cornerstone step towards successfully configuring SCES to improve motor function, aiming to restore standing and stepping abilities in individuals with SCI. While some centers have advocated for the use of intraoperative mapping to anatomically target the spinal cord locomotor centers, this is a resource-intensive endeavor and may not be a feasible approach in all centers.

Characterization of Contusive Spinal Cord Injury by Monitoring Motor-Evoked Potential.

Unlabelled: This study involves longitudinal neuro-electrophysiological analysis using motor-evoked potentials (MEP) and the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan behavioral examinations (BBB) to evaluate moderate mid-thoracic contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) in a rat model.

Objectives/background: The objective of the study is to characterize the onset and progression of contusive SCI over an eight-week period using a clinically applicable tool in an in vivo model. The background highlights the importance of a reliable and reproducible injury model and assessment tools for SCI.

Analgesic effects of high-frequency rTMS on pain anticipation and perception.

Previous studies suggest that pain perception is greatly shaped by anticipation, with M1 and DLPFC involved in this process. We hypothesized that high-frequency rTMS targeting these regions could alter pain anticipation and thereby reduce pain perception. In a double-blind, sham-controlled study, healthy participants received 10 Hz rTMS to M1, DLPFC, or a sham treatment.

Understanding the effects of different transcranial magnetic stimulation control protocols: a behavioral and neural perspective.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive stimulation technique for modulating brain activity. However, selecting optimal control protocols to account for their neural and non-neural effects remains a challenge. To this end, the present event-related potential (ERP) study investigated the behavioral and neural effects of three commonly used control protocols, namely, sham stimulation and real stimulation with continuous theta burst stimulation (c-TBS) over the vertex and primary visual cortex (V1), on a given task manipulating pitch in voice auditory feedback.

Common neural mechanisms supporting time judgements in humans and monkeys.

There has been an increasing interest in identifying the biological underpinnings of human time perception, for which purpose research in non-human primates (NHP) is common. Although previous work, based on behaviour, suggests that similar mechanisms support time perception across species, the neural correlates of time estimation in humans and NHP have not been directly compared. In this study, we assess whether brain evoked responses during a time categorization task are similar across species.