Diabetic nephropathy in children and adolescents.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) commonly occurs in childhood or adolescence, although the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in these age groups is now being seen worldwide. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) develops in 15-20% of subjects with T1DM and in similar or higher percentage of T2DM patients, causing increased morbidity and premature mortality. Although overt DN or kidney failure caused by either type of diabetes are very uncommon during childhood or adolescence, diabetic kidney disease in susceptible patients almost certainly begins soon after disease onset and may accelerate during adolescence, leading to microalbuminuria or incipient DN.

Fever of unknown origin in 185 paediatric patients: a single-centre experience.

Aim: We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the causes and outcome in children with fever of unknown origin (FUO).

Methods: From 1990 to 1999, 185 children with FUO were evaluated. Initial evaluation included routine haematological analysis, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology, urine, stool or blood cultures, chest X-ray and tuberculin probe.

Rapidly growing bilateral ovarian cystadenoma in a 6-year-old girl: case report and literature review.

Background: Benign ovarian neoplasms originating from epithelial tissue are common tumors in adult women. However, they are rarely seen in the pediatric population, especially in the first decade of life.

Case: We report a case of a 6-year-old, premenarchal girl, previously healthy, with frequent micturition lasting 3 days prior to the first examination, without discomfort or pain.

[Therapies for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome].

The treatment of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) has been improved with the introduction of the new anti-epileptic drugs: lamotrigine and topiramate, the employment of a ketogenic diet, and the availability of vagal nerve stimulation. It is difficult to provide recommendations for the treatment of LGS, in the absence of comparative trials. However, suggestions can be made on the basis of the best evidence available.

Lupus nephritis in childhood: a review of 53 patients followed at a single center.

We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and histopathological features, treatment modalities, and outcome of 53 children and adolescents with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis (LN), followed between September 1983 and September 2001. The mean age (+/-SD) at the time of diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was 12.9+/-2.