[Access to surgery].

More than 5 billion humans cannot access essential surgery if needed. Surgery was for a long time not a part of the global health agenda, generally considered a luxury. However, the realization that a large proportion of the global burden of disease can be reduced by surgery has gained momentum.

Economic and healthcare influences on circulatory diseases in Kazakhstan: a retrospective ecological study.

Background: Health is a key driver of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This study examined the relationships between economic indicators, demographic metrics, and health system factors and morbidity due to non-communicable diseases, such as diseases of the circulatory system, in Kazakhstan.

Methods: This retrospective ecological study utilized regionally aggregated data from 2010 to 2020 for all 14 regions in Kazakhstan.

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Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with several clinical subtypes. Recent discoveries in the genetics and immunology of the disease, particularly in plaque psoriasis, have revolutionised the treatment of patients with psoriasis. An understanding of the differences in genetics and immunology between different psoriasis subtypes is emerging.

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Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is emerging as a novel treatment for systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. To date, CAR-T therapy in rheumatology has been reported only in case studies and conference abstracts, but clinical trial results are forthcoming. Current evidence indicates a rapid and highly effective therapeutic response with a favourable side effect profile, suggesting that CD19 CAR-T therapy could be beneficially established for these conditions.

Distributive justice, best options and organ markets: a reply to Semrau.

How important is it, morally speaking, that banning the sale of organs removes the best option available to would-be organ sellers? According to a widespread argument called the best option argument, this is very important. In a recent article I criticised such reasoning, drawing on considerations of distributive justice. Luke Semrau has argued that I have misunderstood the best option argument.

Justifying an Invasion: When Is Disinformation Successful?

Conventional wisdom suggests that social media, especially when used by authoritarian powers with nefarious aims, leaves citizens of democratic countries vulnerable to psychological influence campaigns. But such concerns overlook predispositions among recipients of false claims to reject (or to endorse) conspiratorial narratives. Analyzing responses from a survey fielded in 19 countries, we find that it is a preexisting conspiracy outlook at the individual level, more so than media diets, which consistently predicts rating Russia's pretenses for the invasion as more accurate.

Calibrations without raw data-A response to "Seasonal calibration of the end-cretaceous Chicxulub impact event".

A recent article by DePalma et al. reported that the season of the End-Cretaceous mass extinction was confined to spring/summer on the basis of stable isotope analyses and supplementary observations. An independent study that was concurrently under review reached a similar conclusion using osteohistology and stable isotope analyses.

Obstructive sleep apnoea and lung function, and their association with nocturnal hypoxemia: results from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioimage Study (SCAPIS) - a cross-sectional study.

Unlabelled: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and its associations with lung function.

Background: OSA is highly prevalent and characterised by abnormal respiration during sleep. This large, population-based study aimed to investigate the associations between OSA and lung function in subjects aged 50-64 years.

Adherence to Preoperative Fasting Guidelines in Elective Surgical Patients.

Introduction: Preoperative fasting is recommended by international guidelines as a means to minimize the risk of aspiration of gastric content during induction of anesthesia or surgery. Prolonged preoperative fasting is, however, discouraged due to the associated side effects such as dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, which can negatively impact recovery after surgery. An initial quality improvement study revealed poor implementation of the best practice guidelines on preoperative fasting in three departments of a hospital and an institutional action plan was devised to enforce adherence to these guidelines.

Disability, digital technologies and the ambivalent allure of posthumanist/transhumanist futures.

Technologies, both simple and sophisticated, have always played a major role in the negotiation of a range of disabilities that are assumed to impede the expression of autonomous selfhood. Whether deployed as mechanical aides to ideally normalise physical differences, as organic-and often internal-supplements to bolster the performance of body and mind, or as digital enhancements that override the supposed shortcomings of neurodiversity, the widely accepted claim is that such technologies have a clear therapeutic value. It conjures the illusion of an unproblematised sequence of more complex technologies leading to increasingly enhanced function and the advent of superior selfhood.

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In Denmark, approximately 5% of new mothers experience postpartum depression, potentially hindering a child's care and stimulation for ideal social-emotional development. This literary review explores the impact of maternal postpartum depression on a child's social-emotional development and confirms that maternal postpartum depression potentially harms the child's social-emotional development. Nevertheless, there is cause for optimism in the literature, suggesting that the impact on the child is likely to be transient in cases of shorter durations of postpartum depression.

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Dislocation after primary total hip arthroplasty is a frequent complication. This review investigates its circumstances, and incidences from 0% to 10% are reported due to different study designs and outcome availability, combined with the multifactorial causality influenced by patient-, implant-, and surgery-related factors. Accurate monitoring of this complication has not been possible in a register setting.

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Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disease caused by α-galactosidase A deficiency, leading to intralysosomal build-up of glycosphingolipids. In this case report, a 35-year-old male presented with thousands of angiokeratomas, primarily concentrated in the "bathing-trunk" area. Despite numerous visits to doctors in different specialities FD was not suspected.

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Deep dermatophytosis is a rare condition in which dermatophytes invade deep into the skin. Predisposing factors include chronic superficial dermatophytosis, immunosuppression or the use of topical steroids. Clinical, mycological, and histological examination are crucial for accurate diagnosis.

[Glycogenic hepatopathy/hepatic glycogenosis: an underappreciated but benign and reversible diabetic complication].

Almost 100 years ago, the French physician Pierre Mauriac described a syndrome named after him, resulting from poorly controlled type 1 diabetes, with growth retardation, delayed puberty, Cushingoid features and hepatomegaly. With modern diabetes care, this is very rare but does occur; however, despite the condition having important clinical implications and being easily treatable, this diabetes complication remains relatively unknown. We present here an authentic patient case in the form of a young man with glycemically poorly controlled type 1 diabetes who developed hepatomegaly, hyperlactatemia and histopathological changes in the liver consistent with glycogenosis, a state readily reversed by normalization of glycemia.

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Abuse of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) is associated with a range of cardiovascular side effects, summarized in this review. Apart from being linked to cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidaemia, AAS abuse is associated with coronary atherosclerosis and imparts a pro-coagulative state, predisposing to thromboembolic disease. Finally, AAS abuse leads to left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction, which can ultimately result in heart failure.

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Cardiac arrest (CA) survivorship is associated with risk of cognitive deficits, emotional and social consequences. Early recognition of these symptoms and referral to rehabilitation is considered to be the fifth link in the chain of survival. This review highlights the need for a national standardized care plan for CA survivors based on a multidisciplinary approach.

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Patients with heart disease often use or substitute their treatment with natural remedies, but the evidence for their cardiovascular effects, side effects, and interactions is generally weak. Many preparations have no documented cardiovascular benefits, while some have documented or potential harmful effects. Treating physicians should therefore be considerate of patients' potential usage of natural remedies, and actively engage with patients on this topic, as argued in this review.

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Direct current (DC) cardioversion is an everyday clinical procedure used to restore sinus rhythm from atrial fibrillation. This review summarises the current state of art in Denmark. Sufficient anticoagulation must be ensured before DC cardioversion to reduce the risk of thromboembolism.