Effect of xenon and argon inhalation on erythropoiesis and steroidogenesis: A systematic review.

Background: Xenon and argon inhalation were included on the WADA Prohibited List in 2014 due to the reported positive effects on erythropoiesis and steroidogenesis that occur as a result of their application. Thus, the systematic review of studies supporting these notions is of interest.

Methods: A thorough search on the effects of xenon and argon inhalation on erythropoiesis and steroidogenesis, as well as their negative effects on human health and method detection was conducted.

The relative age effect is widespread among European adult professional soccer players but does not affect their market value.

Background: The relative age effect (RAE) is most prevalent in highly competitive youth soccer and persists to a lesser extent in senior soccer. However, it is known that soccer players born in the second half of the year are as successful at senior level, indicating that they are equally talented although under-represented at youth level due to bias during the selection process, in which the emphasis is on more pronounced physical qualities in a specific period of time. Examining the prevalence of the RAE among professional soccer players depending on the level of competition and playing position, as well as analyzing the relationship between the player's birth quarter and market value, are of scientific interest.

Does vitamin D affect strength and speed characteristics and testosterone concentration in elite young track and field athletes in the North European summer?

Background: Currently there are no data examining the relationship between the serum concentration of vitamin D bio-chemical marker 25(OH)D and strength and speed characteristics in elite young track and field athletes. Moreover, there are currently no data examining the correlation of vitamin D status with testosterone concentration in elite young track and field athletes. In studies involving members of the general population and athletes from other sports, conflicting data have been reported.

The Effect of a Single Dose of Citrulline on the Physical Performance of Soccer-Specific Exercise in Adult Elite Soccer Players (A Pilot Randomized Double-Blind Trial).

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single intake of citrulline at 3 g and 6 g doses in adult elite soccer players performing sport-specific exercise.

Materials And Methods: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study analyzed 18 soccer players from the top divisions of three European countries. Participants were randomized into three groups of six each and performed a field-based soccer-specific test for 18 min.

The mid-term effect of Osgood-Schlatter disease on knee function in young players from elite soccer academies.

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) on knee joint function in elite young soccer players. Our hypothesis was that knee joint function in elite young soccer players was impaired following OSD compared with soccer players with no history of OSD.

Method: In young male soccer players (n = 36) from elite academies (mean ±SD, age: age: 15,3 ± 1,7 years; height: 1,7 ± 0,06 m; weight: 63,5 ± 8 kg; BMI: 20,7 ± 2).

The Physical Demands of Match-Play in Academy and Senior Soccer Players from the Scottish Premiership.

The present study aimed to assess the physical match performance among senior and youth soccer players from an elite Scottish Premiership club during the 2021/2022 season. Twenty-two first team (25.9 ± 4.

Sport-Specific Rehabilitation, but Not PRP Injections, Might Reduce the Re-Injury Rate of Muscle Injuries in Professional Soccer Players: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections are extremely popular in the management of sports injuries in elite athletes. However, data on the use of various administration protocols of PRP are contradictory. The efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of muscle injuries in professional soccer players has to be contextualized within the sport-specific rehabilitation program.

The Relative Age Effect in the Best Track and Field Athletes Aged 10 to 15 Years Old.

(1) The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of the relative age effect (RAE) in the best young (10 to 15 years old) track and field athletes. (2) Hypothesis: The prevalence of the RAE in the best young track and field athletes of both genders will be evident in all age groups from 10 to 15 years old, which may be associated with the significant relationship between biological maturity, chronological age, and the development of physical qualities. (3) Materials and methods: In total, 1778 athletes volunteered for this study.

Successful Young Athletes Have Low Probability of Being Ranked Among the Best Senior Athletes, but This Is Higher When Compared to Their Less Successful Peers.

Background: Contemporary research has shown that only a small proportion of high achieving young athletes continue to become successful senior athletes. However, there is a lack of empirical literature tracking the success of senior male and female athletes who were considered high achieving as a youth.

Hypothesis: Athletes of both sexes who are successful in youth categories (U18 and U20) are more likely to be successful senior athletes.

The incidence and severity of COVID-19 in adult professional soccer players in Russia.

There are little data on the incidence, and clinical course of COVID-19 among professional soccer players, and the studies examining putative complications of COVID-19 infections are probabilistic. On February 28, the WHO raised the COVID-19 threat assessment to its highest level. The COVID-19 outbreak became a significant challenge for world health.

Running Performance during the Holy Month of Ramadan in Elite Professional Adult Soccer Players in Russia.

Religious fasting in the Holy Month of Ramadan is an important element of the Muslim culture during which no eating or drinking is permitted from dawn till dusk. A considerable number of Muslim soccer players abide by these restrictions, which may cause a negative impact on key running performance parameters during competitive matches. Alterations to diet and water intake during the Holy Month of Ramadan may affect various running performance parameters in elite Muslim professional adult soccer players.

The Prevalence of Use of Various Post-Exercise Recovery Methods after Training among Elite Endurance Athletes.

There is now compelling evidence of the effectiveness of a range of post-exercise recovery techniques, including extended nights of sleep, cold water immersion, massage, and compression garments. Currently, limited information is available on post-exercise recovery methods used by elite endurance athletes. Therefore, this study investigated the actual methods of recovery used in this group of athletes.

Rovibronic spectroscopy of PN from first principles.

We report an study on the rovibronic spectroscopy of the closed-shell diatomic molecule phosphorous mononitride, PN. The study considers the nine lowest electronic states, X Σ, A Π, C Σ, D Δ, E Σ, a Σ, b Π, d Δ and e Σ using high level electronic structure theory and accurate nuclear motion calculations. The data cover 9 potential energy, 14 spin-orbit coupling, 7 electronic angular momentum coupling, 9 electric dipole moment and 8 transition dipole moment curves.

Conservative Treatment of the Fifth Metatarsal Bone Fractures in Professional Football Players Using Platelet-Rich Plasma.

Injuries of the metatarsal bones in football are relatively rare and in most cases are localized in the fifth metatarsal. The gold standard of the diagnosis of fractures in this area can be X-rays, which in most cases allows verifying the diagnosis. The treatment tactics depend on the localization of the fracture according to Lawrence and Botte's classification: 3 zones of localization are distinguished.

Asymptomatic Foot and Ankle Abnormalities in Elite Professional Soccer Players.

Background: Professional soccer players are often evaluated with asymptomatic lesions of the ankle and foot, and such abnormalities may eventually become clinically relevant.

Purpose: To ascertain the prevalence of foot and ankle abnormalities in elite professional adult soccer players.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Markers of muscle damage and strength performance in professional football (soccer) players during the competitive period.

Background: The present study investigated the impact of competitive soccer on the short-term changes in isometric strength of the adductor muscle group during the competitive season.

Methods: In this cohort study we evaluated the association between a serum marker of muscle damage [creatine phosphokinase (CPK)] and isometric strength of the adductor muscles of the hip in 30 professional football players (age: 26.7±2.

Asymptomatic Degenerative Changes in the Lumbar Spine Among Professional Soccer Players.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the actual prevalence of degenerative spinal changes and their association with age in a cohort of professional soccer players.

Summary Of Background Data: Presently, there are data that athletes have more degenerative changes than nonathletes; however, the research examining the prevalence of degenerative spinal conditions among professional elite soccer players is scarce.

The prevalence of non-contact muscle injuries of the lower limb in professional soccer players who perform Salah regularly: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The present study assessed the prevalence of non-contact muscle injuries of the lower limbs, including hamstring injuries, in professional Russian soccer players who regularly perform Salah, an obligatory Muslim prayer performed 5 times a day.

Methods: Using a retrospective cohort study design, 68 professional male soccer players (excluding goalkeepers), 34 of whom were Muslims regularly performing Salah (exposure group) and 34 were randomly chosen non-Muslim players (control group), were included in the study. The groups were similar in their playing leagues, field positions, age (27 ± 3.

Relative Age Effect in Russian Elite Hockey.

Bezuglov, E, Shvets, E, Lyubushkina, A, Lazarev, A, Valova, Y, Zholinsky, A, and Waśkiewicz, Z. Relative age effect in Russian elite hockey. J Strength Cond Res 34(9): 2522-2527, 2020-A considerable amount of literature has been published on relative age effect (RAE) in many sports; however, only a few studies have investigated this phenomenon in European elite ice hockey.

Conservative treatment of Osgood-Schlatter disease among young professional soccer players.

Background: The present-day conservative treatment algorithms of Osgood-Shlatter Disease (OSD) are often inadequate for young athletes because they require extremity immobilization and avoidance of sports, and hence the longer duration of rehabilitation. Therefore, the development of safe and efficacious treatment protocols for young athletes is of great practical importance.

The Aim Of The Study: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of the conservative treatment of Osgood-Schlatter disease in young professional soccer players.

The Effect of Training Experience and Leg Dominance on the Prevalence of Asymptomatic Intraarticular Changes of the Knee Joints in Adult Professional Male Soccer Players.

Background: Currently, no data is available regarding the association between professional experience or limb dominance and the prevalence of asymptomatic knee joint lesions in adult professional male soccer players.

Hypothesis: The prevalence of the accumulated changes increases with training experience. This is especially true for the dominant leg, which is involved in a large proportion of the athletes' movements.