Transcranial direct-current stimulation of core language areas facilitates novel word acquisition.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that can alter the state of the stimulated brain area and thereby affect neurocognitive processes and resulting behavioural performance. Previous studies using tDCS to address the language function have shown disparate results, particularly with respect to language learning and word acquisition. To fill this gap, this study aimed at systematically addressing the effects of tDCS of core left-hemispheric language cortices on the brain mechanisms underpinning two main neurocognitive strategies of word learning: implicit inference-based Fast Mapping (FM) and direct instruction-based Explicit Encoding (EE).

The application of explainable artificial intelligence methods to models for automatic creativity assessment.

Objective: The study is devoted to comparing various models based on Artificial Intelligence to determine the level of creativity based on drawings performed using the Urban test, as well as analyzing the results of applying explainable artificial intelligence methods to a trained model to identify the most relevant features in drawings that influence the model's prediction.

Methods: The dataset is represented by a set of 1,823 scanned forms of drawings of participants performed according to the Urban test. The test results of each participant were assessed by an expert.

Differential Hemodynamic Responses to Motor and Tactile Imagery: Insights from Multichannel fNIRS Mapping.

Tactile and motor imagery are crucial components of sensorimotor functioning and cognitive neuroscience research, yet the neural mechanisms of tactile imagery remain underexplored compared to motor imagery. This study employs multichannel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) combined with image reconstruction techniques to investigate the neural hemodynamics associated with tactile (TI) and motor imagery (MI). In a study of 15 healthy participants, we found that MI elicited significantly greater hemodynamic responses (HRs) in the precentral area compared to TI, suggesting the involvement of different cortical areas involved in two different types of sensorimotor mental imagery.

Representational dissimilarity component analysis (ReDisCA).

The principle of Representational Similarity Analysis (RSA) posits that neural representations reflect the structure of encoded information, allowing exploration of spatial and temporal organization of brain information processing. Traditional RSA when applied to EEG or MEG data faces challenges in accessing activation time series at the brain source level due to modeling complexities and insufficient geometric/anatomical data. To overcome this, we introduce Representational Dissimilarity Component Analysis (ReDisCA), a method for estimating spatial-temporal components in EEG or MEG responses aligned with a target representational dissimilarity matrix (RDM).

Collisions and Perceptions of Cyberbullying: Comparison of Intergenerational Experiences.

With regard to negative consequences, cyberbullying is recognized as one of the most traumatic types of cyber aggression. The aim is to study the specific features of adolescents and youth's cyberbullying experience in the role of an aggressor, victim or bystander, as well as awareness on the part of parents of adolescents. A total of 3395 adolescents, youth and parents filled out specially designed questionnaires.

Leveraging machine learning to study how temperament scores predict pre-term birth status.

Background: Preterm birth (birth at <37 completed weeks gestation) is a significant public heatlh concern worldwide. Important health, and developmental consequences of preterm birth include altered temperament development, with greater dysregulation and distress proneness.

Aims: The present study leveraged advanced quantitative techniques, namely machine learning approaches, to discern the contribution of narrowly defined and broadband temperament dimensions to birth status classification (full-term vs.

[Adaptation of the 12-item medication adherence scale ( the Questionnaire for assessment of adherence to Medication) on a Russian-speaking sample of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Background: Poor adherence to treatment among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hinders the effective use of antidiabetic agents and the achievement of optimal glycemic control, reducing their quality of life and outcomes. Assessing adherence to treatment using a questionnaire can help identify and eliminate factors and barriers that negatively affect adherence to medical recommendations and satisfaction with treatment.

Aim: To conduct linguistic and cultural adaptation of the 12-item Medication Adherence Scale (MAS-12) questionnaire and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Russian version of the MAS-12 questionnaire among patients suffering from T1DM and T2DM.

Development of Measures for d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Stigma: Introduction to the Special Supplement on Stigma Measurement Tools.

People who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing (d/DHH) often experience stigma and discrimination in their daily lives. Qualitative research describing their lived experiences has provided useful, in-depth insights into the pervasiveness of stigma. Quantitative measures could facilitate further investigation of the scope of this phenomenon.

Collaborative AI-enhanced digital mind-mapping as a tool for stimulating creative thinking in inclusive education for students with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Background: Nowadays, inclusive education is becoming an increasingly important method in the education of people with various types of disabilities. This study is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of utilizing collaborative digital mind-mapping techniques in the practical work of students in inclusive educational groups, as well as examining how the use of AI-provided prompts influences the development of creative skills.

Methods: The study involved 163 participants, among whom 28 had neurodevelopmental disorders.

Acute stress-induced reductions in neural response to reward are related to acute stress-related increases in cortisol.

Stressors and blunted reward processing are implicated in depression. The current study simultaneously examined the impact of an acute stressor on cortisol and reward processing, measured using the reward positivity (RewP) in 66 participants. Participants completed a reward task during a stressor and a control condition, counterbalanced, and separated by 1 week, while saliva samples were collected before, immediately following, and 25 min after the reward task.

EEG Techniques with Brain Activity Localization, Specifically LORETA, and Its Applicability in Monitoring Schizophrenia.

: Electroencephalography (EEG) is considered a standard but powerful tool for the diagnosis of neurological and psychiatric diseases. With modern imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and magnetoencephalography (MEG), source localization can be improved, especially with low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). The aim of this review is to explore the variety of modern techniques with emphasis on the efficacy of LORETA in detecting brain activity patterns in schizophrenia.

Dynamics of Cognitive Impairment in MCI Patients over a Three-Year Period: The Informative Role of Blood Biomarkers, Neuroimaging, and Genetic Factors.

Given the high growth rates of cognitive decline among the elderly population and the lack of effective etiological treatments, early diagnosis of cognitive impairment progression is an imperative task for modern science and medicine. It is of particular interest to identify predictors of an unfavorable subsequent course of cognitive disorders, specifically, rapid progression. Our study assessed the informative role of various risk factors on the dynamics of cognitive impairment among mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients.

Comparison of executive functions in Russian and Japanese preschoolers.

This study analyzed differences in level of main executive function (EF) components (such as inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) among Russian and Japanese preschoolers. The study involved 102 children of 5-6.9 years old: 51 child from Russia and 51 child from Japan.

Assessment of potential toxic elements in soils, sediments, and vegetation in the surroundings of Anapa, Russia.

The study presented here reports the concentration of major, trace, and rare earth elements in soil, sediments, and vegetation samples collected from 13 locations around Anapa City located on the northern coast of the Black Sea in Russia. The neutron activation analysis technique has been used to fulfill this objective. Along with this, the bioconcentration and translocation factors were calculated.

Exploring the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Psychological Pain: A Canonical Correlation Analysis.

This study investigated the association between self-compassion and psychological pain across various demographic variables. Using canonical correlation analysis, we observed an inverse relationship between the combined factors of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale (OMMP-8). Subgroup analyses revealed differences in SCS subscales among demographic groups with females, individuals with mental health diagnoses, and non-athletes displaying higher scores on negative SCS subscales and PsyPn.

[Anxiety-depressive disorders in patients before and in the long terms after aortic replacement].

Objective: To study the structure and dynamics of anxiety-depressive disorders in patients with dissection/aneurysm of the ascending aorta and aortic arch before and in the long term after surgical treatment and to identify factors associated with disturbances in psycho-emotional status.

Material And Methods: We examined 124 patients with dissection/aneurysm of the ascending aorta and arch before and in the long-term period after aortic replacement, assessing anxiety and depression using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Beck Depression Questionnaires. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with clinically significant anxiety and depressive disorders.

[The demographic, social and professional factors affecting choice of employment place and labor motivation of general practitioners and districts therapists].

The article considers social, demographic and professional factors determining choice by general practitioners and district therapists of place of employment and their professional motivation. The special questionnaire was developed to be applied in sociological survey. The sampling included general practitioners and district therapists of outpatient medical organizations of the Health Department and the private health care sector of Moscow.

[The factors determining motivation of blood plasma donorship, including conditions of COVID-19 pandemic].

The article analyzes publications considering motivation of plasma donors by factors related to ethical and socio-economic aspects. Their detailed analysis and systematical consideration in the work contributes into more effective informing of new potential donors, improving recruitment and retention of donors. The detailed analysis established among causes of negative beliefs and negative experiences regarding donorship such factors as increased risk of infectious diseases, decreased vitality, vaso-vagal reactions and reduced iron content.