The Role of Neuropeptide Y in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: Diagnostic Significance and Neuroprotective Functions.

. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. It has been suggested that the factors that cause pathologic changes and lead to the development of AD may also include changes in certain neuropeptides.

Analysis of Eye and Head Tracking Movements During a Puck-Hitting Task in Ice Hockey Players, Compared to Wrestlers and Controls.

Background: The study of eye-movement strategies of athletes of various disciplines and skill levels is highly significant for sports psychology, since the results can be used in training to improve performance. Such studies are extremely scarce for ice hockey.

Objective: To determine successful eye-movement strategies for ice hockey players compared to wrestlers and controls (non-athletes) during puck-hitting tasks of various degrees of difficulty, using virtual reality.

Atypical pupil-linked arousal induced by low-risk probabilistic choices, and intolerance of uncertainty in adults with ASD.

Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience stress when operating in a probabilistic environment, even if it is familiar, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Their decision-making may be affected by the uncertainty aversion implicated in ASD and associated with increased autonomic arousal. Previous studies have shown that in neurotypical (NT) people, decisions with predictably better outcomes are less stressful and elicit smaller pupil-linked arousal than those involving exploration.

The Emotional Intelligence of the GPT-4 Large Language Model.

Background: Advanced AI models such as the large language model GPT-4 demonstrate sophisticated intellectual capabilities, sometimes exceeding human intellectual performance. However, the emotional competency of these models, along with their underlying mechanisms, has not been sufficiently evaluated.

Objective: Our research aimed to explore different emotional intelligence domains in GPT-4 according to the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso model.

Pregnancy care experiences for adults with congenital heart disease in the United States.

Background: Research to reduce maternal morbidity due to cardiovascular disease is vitally important in the United States, especially for the growing number of individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD) reaching childbearing age. Understanding patient experiences through patient engagement is critical to designing research that is aligned with the needs of adults with CHD undergoing pregnancy.

Methods: This patient engagement project, grounded in human centered design, focuses on the discovering patient and healthcare provider priorities for reducing maternal morbidity in CHD through patient centered outcomes research (PCOR).

[The effect of value orientations of physicians on satisfaction of patients with medical care quality in conditions of uncertainty].

The COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic significantly impacted processes of medical care support and medical personnel and managers. The article presents analysis of results of three-year (2019-2022) studying level of loyalty of legal representatives of patients of one of Moscow children polyclinics. The study covered both legal representatives of patients (more than 190,000 assessments collected over entire observation period) and randomly selected district pediatricians (n=31).

Socio-Demographic Influences on Dietary Habits and Nutritional Awareness: A Case Study of Polish Biathlon Association National Team Members.

Introduction: This study investigated the influence of sociodemographic factors on the dietary habits of athletes of the Polish Biathlon Association. Focusing on age, education, employment status, and gender, this research assesses food choices, meal preparation, and nutritional awareness within a structured sports environment. A cross-sectional survey of 54 athletes was conducted using a modified "Eating Habits of Poles" questionnaire to explore food selection, preparation methods, consumption patterns, and nutritional perspectives.

Intelligent Human Operator Mental Fatigue Assessment Method Based on Gaze Movement Monitoring.

Modern mental fatigue detection methods include many parameters for evaluation. For example, many researchers use human subjective evaluation or driving parameters to assess this human condition. Development of a method for detecting the functional state of mental fatigue is an extremely important task.

Effect of 1-Week Weight Loss While Maintaining Total Body Water on Jump Performance.

Jumping performance is influenced by body composition and excess fat mass impairs performance. Maintaining optimal fat mass and fat-free mass (FFM) is crucial for enhancing jump height. However, there is limited evidence on short-term weight loss programs that reduce fat mass without water restriction and their effects on muscle function and jumping performance.

Short-term sensorimotor training incorporating cognitive tasks for pediatric survivors of posterior fossa tumors: a pilot study.

Purpose: Posterior fossa tumors account for half of all childhood brain tumors, prompting the search for effective and affordable interventions to combat the neurocognitive and motor sequelae of the tumor and its treatment. The main aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and effects of sensorimotor training incorporating cognitive tasks for a group of pediatric survivors of posterior fossa tumors.

Materials And Methods: A total of 48 participants (M= 12.

[Clinical and dynamic features of alcoholism formation in middle-aged and elderly patients with primary organic mental disorders].

Objective: To investigate the clinical and dynamic features of the formation of alcohol dependence (AD) in middle-aged and elderly people with primary organic mental disorders (POMD).

Material And Methods: The study included 83 male patients aged 67.5±7.

Transcranial direct-current stimulation of core language areas facilitates novel word acquisition.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that can alter the state of the stimulated brain area and thereby affect neurocognitive processes and resulting behavioural performance. Previous studies using tDCS to address the language function have shown disparate results, particularly with respect to language learning and word acquisition. To fill this gap, this study aimed at systematically addressing the effects of tDCS of core left-hemispheric language cortices on the brain mechanisms underpinning two main neurocognitive strategies of word learning: implicit inference-based Fast Mapping (FM) and direct instruction-based Explicit Encoding (EE).

The application of explainable artificial intelligence methods to models for automatic creativity assessment.

Objective: The study is devoted to comparing various models based on Artificial Intelligence to determine the level of creativity based on drawings performed using the Urban test, as well as analyzing the results of applying explainable artificial intelligence methods to a trained model to identify the most relevant features in drawings that influence the model's prediction.

Methods: The dataset is represented by a set of 1,823 scanned forms of drawings of participants performed according to the Urban test. The test results of each participant were assessed by an expert.

Differential Hemodynamic Responses to Motor and Tactile Imagery: Insights from Multichannel fNIRS Mapping.

Tactile and motor imagery are crucial components of sensorimotor functioning and cognitive neuroscience research, yet the neural mechanisms of tactile imagery remain underexplored compared to motor imagery. This study employs multichannel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) combined with image reconstruction techniques to investigate the neural hemodynamics associated with tactile (TI) and motor imagery (MI). In a study of 15 healthy participants, we found that MI elicited significantly greater hemodynamic responses (HRs) in the precentral area compared to TI, suggesting the involvement of different cortical areas involved in two different types of sensorimotor mental imagery.

Representational dissimilarity component analysis (ReDisCA).

The principle of Representational Similarity Analysis (RSA) posits that neural representations reflect the structure of encoded information, allowing exploration of spatial and temporal organization of brain information processing. Traditional RSA when applied to EEG or MEG data faces challenges in accessing activation time series at the brain source level due to modeling complexities and insufficient geometric/anatomical data. To overcome this, we introduce Representational Dissimilarity Component Analysis (ReDisCA), a method for estimating spatial-temporal components in EEG or MEG responses aligned with a target representational dissimilarity matrix (RDM).