Type 1 diabetes mellitus: Inflammation, mitophagy, and mitochondrial function.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by the damage of insulin-secreting β-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. To date, its etiology is not fully understood, despite decades of active search for root causes, and that underlines the complexity of the disease pathogenesis. It was found that mitophagy plays a regulatory role in the development of autoimmune response during T1DM pathogenesis by preventing the accumulation of defective/dysfunctional mitochondria in pancreatic cells.

[Pattern of biochemical markers of mineral and bone disorders in kidney transplant recipients: real-world data].

Background: There is a lack of studies providing comprehensive data on the prevalence of mineral and bone disorders (MBD) laboratory abnormalities after kidney transplantation in Russia.

Aim: to obtain real-world data on the prevalence of the main mineral abnormalities among kidney transplant recipients and to revise their concomitant MBD therapy.

Method: This cross-sectional study included 236 patients with successful kidney transplantation.

Influence of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts on Blood Aminothiols in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) are associated with a decreased blood glutathione (bGSH) level. Since GSH metabolism is closely related to other aminothiols (homocysteine and cysteine) and glucose, the aim of this study was to reveal the associations of bGSH with glucose and plasma aminothiols in CAD patients (N = 35) before CABG and in the early postoperative period. Forty-three volunteers with no history of cardiovascular disease formed the control group.

A Phase 3, Randomized Trial of Bulevirtide in Chronic Hepatitis D.

Background: Coinfection with hepatitis D virus (HDV) accelerates the progression of liver disease associated with chronic hepatitis B. Bulevirtide inhibits the entry of HDV into hepatocytes.

Methods: In this ongoing phase 3 trial, patients with chronic hepatitis D, with or without compensated cirrhosis, were randomly assigned, in a 1:1:1 ratio, to receive bulevirtide subcutaneously at 2 mg per day (2-mg group) or 10 mg per day (10-mg group) for 144 weeks or to receive no treatment for 48 weeks followed by bulevirtide subcutaneously at 10 mg per day for 96 weeks (control group).

Assessment of Safety and Prophylactic Efficacy of the EpiVacCorona Peptide Vaccine for COVID-19 Prevention (Phase III).

The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR" of the Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor) has developed the peptide-based EpiVacCorona vaccine, which is the first synthetic peptide-based antiviral vaccine for mass immunization in international vaccinology. An early clinical trial (Phase I-II) demonstrated that the EpiVacCorona vaccine is a safe product. The "Multicenter double-blind, placebo-controlled, comparative, randomized trial to assess the tolerability, safety, immunogenicity and prophylactic efficacy of the EpiVacCorona COVID-19 vaccine based on peptide antigens in 3000 volunteers aged 18 years and older" was performed regarding vaccine safety.

Impact of Chronic Oral Administration of Gold Nanoparticles on Cognitive Abilities of Mice.

The influence of gold nanoparticles after their prolonged oral administration to mice (during pregnancy and lactation) on spatial memory and anxiety levels in offspring was investigated. Offspring were tested in the Morris water maze and in the elevated Plus-maze. The average specific mass content of gold which crossed the blood-brain barrier was measured using neutron activation analysis and constituted 3.

Effects of early postoperative neurocognitive disorders on clinically relevant outcomes: a meta-analysis.

Background: Early postoperative neurocognitive disorders (ePND), include both emergence delirium, which is defined as very early onset postoperative delirium, and emergence agitation, defined as motor arousal. Although research on anesthesia emergence is limited, ePND are likely associated with unfavorable outcomes. This meta-analysis assessed the effect of ePND on clinically relevant outcomes.

Impaired Mitochondrial Function in T-Lymphocytes as a Result of Exposure to HIV and ART.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a described phenomenon for a number of chronic and infectious diseases. At the same time, the question remains open: is this condition a consequence or a cause of the progression of the disease? In this review, we consider the role of the development of mitochondrial dysfunction in the progression of HIV (human immunodeficiency viruses) infection and the onset of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), as well as the direct impact of HIV on mitochondria. In addition, we will touch upon such an important issue as the effect of ART (Antiretroviral Therapy) drugs on mitochondria, since ART is currently the only effective way to curb the progression of HIV in infected patients, and because the identification of potential side effects can help to more consciously approach the development of new drugs in the treatment of HIV infection.

Disparities in treatment and outcome of kidney replacement therapy in children with comorbidities: an ESPN/ERA Registry study.

Background: Data on comorbidities in children on kidney replacement therapy (KRT) are scarce. Considering their high relevance for prognosis and treatment, this study aims to analyse the prevalence and implications of comorbidities in European children on KRT.

Methods: We included data from patients <20 years of age when commencing KRT from 2007 to 2017 from 22 European countries within the European Society of Paediatric Nephrology/European Renal Association Registry.

Standards of care for CFTR variant-specific therapy (including modulators) for people with cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) has entered the era of variant-specific therapy, tailored to the genetic variants in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. CFTR modulators, the first variant-specific therapy available, have transformed the management of CF. The latest standards of care from the European CF Society (2018) did not include guidance on variant-specific therapy, as CFTR modulators were becoming established as a novel therapy.

Determination of Heterogeneous Proteomic and Metabolomic Response in anti-TNF and anti-IL-6 Treatment of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Reduction in tumor necrosis factor (αTNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) activities is a widely utilized strategy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with a high success rate. Despite both schemes targeting the deprivation of inflammatory reactions caused by the excessive activity of cytokines, their mechanisms of action and the final output are still unequal. This was a comparative longitudinal study that lasted for 24 weeks and aimed to find the answer to why the two schemes of therapy can pass out of proportion in attitude of their efficiency.

Effects of Pirfenidone on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Progression and Safety: Results of Multicenter Prospective Observational Study.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) seen in clinical practice. Fifty-five adults with IPF were enrolled in this multicenter, open-label, non-randomized, non-controlled, interventional clinical study. All patients received pirfenidone 2403 mg/day (three 267 mg capsules three times daily) for 26 weeks.

Interstitial Lung Disease in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Cohort Prospective Study.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been recognized as an extrahepatic manifestation ofprimary biliary cholangitis (PBC), althoughlimited data are available on its prevalence and clinical significance. Therefore, we evaluated the occurrence and clinical features of ILD in a cohort of PBC patients. Ninety-three individuals without concomitant rheumatic diseases were enrolled in our prospective cohort study.

[Causes of death in the Moscow region according to medical death certificates].

Objective: Determination of the leading causes of death based on data from primary medical death certificates (MDCs) depending on the place of death.

Material And Methods: From the electronic database of the Main Department of the Civil Registry Office of the Moscow Region (the USR registry office system) for 2021, all cases were selected in which diseases were indicated as the primary cause of death (PCD); all codes of external causes, injuries and poisonings were excluded. A total of 109.

Skin microvascular reactivity in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Aims: Early detection of microangiopathic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) is necessary to analyze the patient's condition and prevent disease progression. The study was aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of retinopathy and decreased reactivity of the microcirculatory bed in patients with diabetes.

Methods: The study involved 130 subjects: healthy volunteers (n = 48), DM patients without retinopathy (n = 53) and with retinopathy (n = 29).

[Efficacy and safety of a fixed combination drug Brinzolol Duo in the treatment of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma].

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new fixed combination of brinzolamide and timolol in patients with stages I and II of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Material And Methods: Study patients were divided into 2 groups. The patients of the first group were prescribed Brinzolol Duo, the second group received an original drug Azarga.

Incoherent Optical Fluctuation Flowmetry: A New Method for the Assessment of Foot Perfusion in Patients with Diabetes-Related Lower-Extremity Complications.

(1) Background: To date, there are no studies evaluating the ability of the incoherent optical fluctuation flowmetry (IOFF) method to assess foot tissue perfusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between perfusion values measured by IOFF and TcPO2 in patients with diabetes-related lower-extremity complications. (2) Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional, two-center study.

[Morphogenetic and pathogenetic features of hypertrophic and keloid scars of the head and neck].

Objective: Evaluate the morphogenetic and pathogenetic features of hypertrophic and keloid scars of the head and neck.

Material And Methods: The study included 286 patients, among them 176 (61.5%) patients with hypertrophic and 110 (38.

Biosimilar erythropoietin in anemia treatment (BEAT)-Efficacy and safety of a 1:1 dose conversion from EPREX® to EPIAO® in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis: A prospective, randomized, double blind, parallel group study.

Background: EPREX®/ERYPO®/PROCRIT® (epoetin alfa, Janssen-Cilag GmbH) was the first available recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) and was universally reference product as per the recommendation provided by European Medicines Agency. EPIAO® is a biosimilar formulation of EPREX®, and making it a 1:1 dose conversion from EPREX® according to recommendation of European Medicines Agency. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of EPIAO® in subjects with end-stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis after intravenous administration.

European survey of newborn bloodspot screening for CF: opportunity to address challenges and improve performance.

Background: The aim of this study was to record the current status of newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) for CF across Europe and assess performance.

Methods: Survey of representatives of NBS for CF programmes across Europe. Performance was assessed through a framework developed in a previous exercise.

Genetics of Oocyte Maturation Defects and Early Embryo Development Arrest.

Various pathogenic factors can lead to oogenesis failure and seriously affect both female reproductive health and fertility. Genetic factors play an important role in folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation but still need to be clarified. Oocyte maturation is a well-organized complex process, regulated by a large number of genes.

Skin microcirculation reactivity to local thermal hyperaemia in patients with COVID-19 - A pilot observational study.

Background: Endothelial dysfunction and microvascular disturbances are suggested to play a key role in higher morbidity and worse prognosis in patients with COVID-19 and cardiometabolic diseases.

Objective: Study was aimed to establish relationships between the skin microcirculation parameters and various clinical and laboratory indicators.

Methods: The study included 18 patients with moderate disease according to WHO criteria.

[Ampakines - a promising approach to neuroprotection].

Increased interest in glutamatergic neurotransmission emerged in the second half of the twentieth century. Later, the role of glutamate neurotransmission in learning and memory processes became clear. AMPA receptors (AMPR) and NMDA receptors (NMDAR) turned out to be important links in the mechanism of long-term potentiation (LTP) involved in memory processes, which was expressed in an increase in the excitatory postsynaptic potential in response to repeated stimuli.