Enhancing Compliance With Preoperative Fasting Guidelines: A Closed-Loop Quality Improvement Initiative to Optimize Patient Safety and Outcomes.

Introduction Preoperative fasting is essential in surgical care to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration during anesthesia. International guidelines, such as those from the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA), recommend fasting durations of six hours for solids and two hours for clear liquids. However, adherence to these guidelines often varies in clinical practice, leading to prolonged fasting times that can negatively impact patient outcomes, including dehydration, hypoglycemia, discomfort, and delayed recovery.

Changes in the Levels of Short-Chain Acids and Tryptophan Metabolites in Mouse Intestine during Experimental Colitis.

The optimal balance of the intestinal microbiota is considered to be an essential part of the human body that affects many metabolic processes. However, the exact role of the gut microbiota in metabolism is still not fully understood. To investigate the metabolic role of gut microbiota, the content of short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites was studied in mice with sodium dextran sulfate-induced colitis.

Response of to combination of virulent bacteriophage vB_SauM-515A1 and linezolid.

The combined use of lytic bacteriophages with antibiotics is currently being explored as a strategy to enhance the effectiveness of infectious disease therapies, including those caused by . In this study, we investigated the synergistic potential of bacteriophage vB_SauM-515A1 ( family) and the first-line antibiotic linezolid against the methicillin-resistant strain SA0413Rev. A checkerboard assay revealed a significant synergistic effect against planktonic cells (FIC = 0.

Anaeroselena agilis gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Sulfite- and Arsenate-Respiring Bacterium Within the Family Acetonemataceae Isolated from a Thermal Spring of North Ossetia.

A novel Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 4137-cl, was isolated from a thermal spring of North Ossetia (Russian Federation). Strain 4137-cl grew at 30-50 °C (optimum 42 °C) with 0-3.5% NaCl (optimum 0-0.

Cerebral vein thrombosis: management tactics with a focus on pregnancy, the use of hormone therapy and assisted reproductive technologies.

Cerebral vein thrombosis is a rare, life-threatening condition that has now become more commonly diagnosed due to advancements in imaging techniques. Our purpose is to improve understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis and pregnancy and IVF management in patients with a history of cerebral thrombosis. We present an overview of the modern tactics of anticoagulant therapy for cerebral thrombosis with a focus on pregnancy, the use of hormone therapy, and assisted reproductive technologies.

R(3780) Resonance Interpreted as the 1^{3}D_{1}-Wave Dominant State of Charmonium from Precise Measurements of the Cross Section of e^{+}e^{-}→Hadrons.

We report the precise measurements of the cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→hadrons at center-of-mass energies from 3.645 to 3.871 GeV.

Global, regional, and national burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Background: The global burden of metabolic diseases is increasing, but estimates of their impact on primary liver cancer are uncertain. We aimed to assess the global burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risk factors, including high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, between 1990 and 2021.

Methods: The total number and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from primary liver cancer attributable to each metabolic risk factor were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Structural and magnetic phase transitions in EuLaFe(BO) (x = 0, 0.18).

The crystal structures and hyperfine magnetic parameters of EuFe(BO) and mixed EuLaFe(BO) were studied over a wide temperature range in order to analyze correlations of the structural and magnetic features and the phase transitions in multiferroic compounds of the rare-earth iron borate family. The chemical compositions of the crystals are reported from X-ray fluorescence analysis. The crystal structures of EuFe(BO) and EuLaFe(BO) were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the temperature range 25-500 K.

[Peculiarities of the time of manifestation of a number of diseases in the periods before and after the COVID-19 pandemic according to the data of municipal polyclinics of Sakhalin region.].

The topic of the timing of the manifestation of age-associated diseases (as an indirect indicator of accelerated population aging) after the transfer of COVID-19 remains an urgent area in scientific research. Early targeted diagnosis can significantly reduce the consequences of pathology, in connection with which the features of the manifestation of various nosologies in the post-COVID period were studied. The materials were the accounting and statistical data of the municipal polyclinics of the Sakhalin Region for the pre-COVID (2017-2019) and post-COVID (2022-2023) periods.

Lacustrine sedimentation patterns at the Northern Antarctic Peninsula and surroundings as a response to late Holocene and Modern Climate changes.

The Northern Antarctic Peninsula (NAP) and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) are likely to respond rapidly to climate changes by increasing the collapse of peripheral ice shelves and the number of days above 0 °C. These facts make this region a representative hotspot of the global sea level rise and the location of one of the global climate tipping points (thresholds in the Earth system whose changes may become irreversible, if exceeded). Understanding the climate evolution of the NAP, based on past evidences, may help infer its future scenario.

A biomechanical model for concomitant functioning of neck and shoulder: a pilot study.

A combination of pain syndromes in the neck and shoulder joints creates a significant burden on the healthcare system and has important social and economic significance. Treatment of these pathologies is often inefficient and can reduce the quality of life for patients. Studying of the relationship between pathological changes in the cervical spine and diseases of the shoulder area is crucial for developing more efficient treatment methods.

Novel coronaviruses and mammarenaviruses of hedgehogs from Russia including the comparison of viral communities of hibernating and active specimens.

Introduction: Small mammals, especially rodents and bats, are known reservoirs of zoonotic viruses, but little is known about the viromes of insectivorous species including hedgehogs (order Eulipotyphla), which often live near human settlements and come into contact with humans.

Methods: We used high-throughput sequencing and metaviromic analysis to describe the viromes of 21 hedgehogs (Erinaceus sp.) sampled from summer 2022 to spring 2023.

The Putative Antilipogenic Role of NRG4 and ERBB4: First Expression Study on Human Liver Samples.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor 4 (ERBB4) and neuregulin 4 (NRG4) have been shown to reduce steatosis and prevent the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mouse models, but little to nothing is known about their role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans. This study is the first to investigate the expression of and mRNAs and their role in lipid metabolism in the livers of individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes and biopsy-proven NAFLD.

Methods: Liver biospecimens were obtained intraoperatively from 80 individuals.

Transient destabilization of interhemispheric functional connectivity induced by spreading depolarization.

Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD), a slowly propagating wave of transient cellular depolarization, is a reliable cortical response to various brain insults (stroke, trauma, seizures) and underlying mechanism of migraine aura. Little is known about CSD effects on brain network activity. Using undirected (mutual information, MI) and directed (transfer entropy, TE) measures, we studied the dynamics of cross-hemispheric connectivity associated with the development of unilateral CSD in freely behaving rats and the involvement of inhibitory transmission in mechanisms of the coupling changes.

Africa and Arabia encompass a much greater species diversity in the aggregate (Amaranthaceae, achyranthoid clade): Evidence from morphological and chorological data.

in its traditional sense (excluding that phylogenetically falls into ) has been considered to contain a restricted (three to four) number of species in Africa and one or two species in the Arabian Peninsula. The morphology of the type species of the genus, , has been treated as highly polymorphic, with several varieties recognised by various authors. Not surprisingly, a recent extended phylogeny revealed a non-monophyly of .

The lawc gene emerged de novo from conserved genomic elements and acquired a broad expression pattern in Drosophila.

It has recently become evident that the de novo emergence of genes is widespread and documented for a variety of organisms. De novo genes frequently emerge in proximity to existing genes, forming gene overlaps. Here, we present an analysis of the evolutionary history of a putative de novo gene, lawc, which overlaps with the conserved Trf2 gene, which encodes a general transcription factor in Drosophila melanogaster.

Microbial diversity of hot springs of the Kuril Islands.

The Kuril Islands are located in the Far-East of Russia and enriched with shallow and terrestrial hot springs. Prokaryotic diversity of Kuril geothermal environments has been studied fragmentarily and mainly by culture-dependent methods. We performed the first large-scale investigation of microbial communities, inhabited more than 30 terrestrial hot springs of Kunashir and Iturup Islands, analyzed by 16S rRNA gene fragment amplicon sequencing, together with chemical analysis of thermal waters and sediments.

[The effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal infection in patients with severe bronchial asthma].

Introduction: The article discusses topical issues of the use of conjugated 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine Prevenar®13 (PCV13) in patients with severe bronchial asthma (SBA), including those receiving targeted therapy with genetically engineered biological drugs (GEBD).

Aim: To study the effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal infection (PI) in patients with SBA.

Materials And Methods: The study included 381 patients with SBA.

[Cognitive impairment in bilinguals with neurological diseases].

Bilingualism is widespread in the world and In Russia and in recent years has been actively considered within the framework of the cognitive reserve concept. The paper provides a review of articles studying cognitive functions in bilingual patients with neurological diseases. Cognitive disorders and dementia in bilinguals occur about 5 years later in comparison with those who speak only one language.

[Contribution of Sergey Selivanovich Golovin to the development of ophthalmology].

This article presents a creative biography of Sergey Selivanovich Golovin, the prominent Russian ophthalmologist of the first quarter of the 20th century. The work is based on archival research and analysis of published materials, and characterizes the career of S.S.

[Peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome].

Peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome (PPS) is a recently described condition, classified within the pachychoroid disease spectrum characterized by focal or diffuse thickening of the choroid due to dilation of choroidal vessels in the Haller's layer (pachyvessels), thinning of the choriocapillaris and the Sattler's layer, and accompanied by increased choroidal permeability and damage to the retinal pigment epithelium. Unlike other pachychoroid diseases that involve changes in the central retina, PPS presents with choroidal thickening and intra- or subretinal fluid located nasally in the macular region, near the optic disc. This review aims to summarize and analyze current data on the clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment options for PPS found in the literature.

[Selective assessment of biomechanical properties of the lens capsule].

Unlabelled: The scientific and practical interest in studying the biomechanical characteristics of the lens capsule, on the one hand, is associated with its anatomical significance in modern microinvasive phaco surgery, and on the other hand, with investigation of the mechanisms of lens curvature changes during accommodation. Selective study of the biomechanical properties of the lens capsule aims to identify characteristics of various regions and surfaces of the capsule.

Purpose: This study is a comparative analysis of age-related changes in the biomechanical properties of the anterior (AC) and posterior (PC) lens capsules in humans.

In search of pathogenic Leptospira species in Myotis and other vesper bats, Russia.

Various bat species worldwide have been identified as Leptospira carriers, especially in tropical regions. In this study, we investigated the infection of Vespertilionidae bats by pathogenic Leptospira in north-west Russia. Out of 264 bats from 13 species, the urine of 24 specimens tested positive according to a polymerase chain reaction test.

Extraordinary SERS on nanostructured self-assembled silver films due to preliminary random nano-profiling of substrate and ultrasonic exposure of analyte during the deposition.

In this study, we have investigated the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of myoglobin on silver substrates with different morphology. The aim was to determine the optimal parameters of analyte and substrate preparation for obtaining of high-amplitude SERS spectra of proteins. It is shown that not only the morphology of the silver film, but also the method of analyte molecules deposition on the SERS substrate plays an important role.