BINOCULAR INTERACTION IN AMBLYOPIA.

The review presents new ideas about developmental mechanisms of amblyopia, which are currently discussed in literature. Objective evidence has accumulated that amblyopia affects both monocular and binocular functions in visual processing. Given the increasing evidence of fundamental and clinical research, it is most likely that binocular dysfunction is primary, and monocular reduction is visual acuity is secondary to this disease.

The Pediatric and Young Adult Choroidal and Ciliary Body Melanoma Genetic Study, A Survey by the European Ophthalmic Oncology Group.

Purpose: To explore the genetic background of choroidal and ciliary body melanoma among children and young adults, with special focus on BAP1 germline variants in this age group.

Methods: Patients under the age of 25 and with confirmed choroidal or ciliary body melanoma were included in this retrospective, multicenter observational study. Nuclear BAP1 immunopositivity was used to evaluate the presence of functional BAP1 in the tumor.

Retinoblastoma in Asia: Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcomes in 2112 Patients from 33 Countries.

Purpose: To describe the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of children who received a diagnosis of retinoblastoma in 2017 throughout Asia.

Design: Multinational, prospective study including treatment-naïve patients in Asia who received a diagnosis of retinoblastoma in 2017 and were followed up thereafter.

Participants: A total of 2112 patients (2797 eyes) from 96 retinoblastoma treatment centers in 33 Asian countries.

Patients presenting with metastases: stage IV uveal melanoma, an international study.

Objective: To analyse ocular and systemic findings of patients presenting with systemic metastasis.

Methods And Analysis: It is an international, multicentre, internet-enabled, registry-based retrospective data analysis. Patients were diagnosed between 2001 and 2011.

Travel burden and clinical presentation of retinoblastoma: analysis of 1024 patients from 43 African countries and 518 patients from 40 European countries.

Background: The travel distance from home to a treatment centre, which may impact the stage at diagnosis, has not been investigated for retinoblastoma, the most common childhood eye cancer. We aimed to investigate the travel burden and its impact on clinical presentation in a large sample of patients with retinoblastoma from Africa and Europe.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis including 518 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 40 European countries and 1024 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 43 African countries.

Analysis of genotype-phenotype correlations in -associated aniridia.

BackgroundAniridia is a severe autosomal dominant panocular disorder associated with pathogenic sequence variants of the gene or 11p13 chromosomal aberrations encompassing the coding and/or regulatory regions of the gene in a heterozygous state. Patients with aniridia display several ocular anomalies including foveal hypoplasia, cataract, keratopathy, and glaucoma, which can vary in severity and combination.MethodsA cohort of 155 patients from 125 unrelated families with identified point pathogenic variants (118 patients) or large chromosomal 11p13 deletions (37 patients) was analyzed.

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale.

[The effect of intravitreally administered angiogenesis inhibitor on the concentration of angiotensin-converting enzyme in the blood serum and lacrimal fluid in patients with diabetic macular edema].

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the more serious complications of diabetes and the main cause of blindness among working-age individuals. In recent years, information has emerged on the possible role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the pathogenesis of DR, and DR's possible connection with the system of pro-angiogenic factors.

Aim: To study the impact of anti-angiogenic therapy on systemic and local concentrations of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a key component of RAS, for patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).

Iatrogenic Damage of Eye Tissues: Current Problems and Possible Solutions.

Visual system is at high risk of iatrogenic damage. Laser ocular surgery, the use of powerful illumination devices in diagnostics and surgical treatment of eye diseases, as well as long surgeries under general anesthesia provoke the development of chronic degenerative changes in eye tissues, primarily in the cornea and the retina. Despite the existence of approaches for prevention and treatment of these complications, the efficacy of these approaches is often limited.

[Inflammatory metabolites of arahidonic acid in tear fluid in UV-induced corneal damage].

The ultraviolet (UV) B-induced damage of the eye surface of experimental animals (rabbits) includes loss of corneal epithelium, apoptosis of keratocytes and stromal edema. These changes are accompanied by clinically and histologically manifested corneal inflammation, neutrophil infiltration, and exudation of the anterior chamber of the eye. According to mass spectrometric analysis, UV-induced corneal damage is associated with pronounced changes in the lipid composition of tears, including a decrease in the amount of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 and an increase in the concentrations of prostaglandin D2 and its derivative 15d-PGJ2.

Association between polymorphic markers in candidate genes and the risk of manifestationof endocrine ophthalmopathy in patients with Graves' disease.

Aim: To analyze the association between the polymorphic markers in CTLA4, TNF, IL10 and IL16 genes and the risk of manifestation of endocrine ophthalmopathy (EO) in patients with Graves' disease (GD).

Materials And Methods: Case-control study included 248 patients with GD. Using polymerase chain reaction we studied the distribution of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic markers such as A60G (rs3087243) in CTLA4 gene, G(-308)A (rs1800629) in TNF gene, G(-1082)A (rs1800896) in IL10 gene, T3249C (rs4778641) in IL16 gene among 141 patients with Graves' disease and EO and 107 patients with GD without EO.

Structural features of eyelid connective tissue in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: To study the connective tissue (CT) structure of upper eyelid skin of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.

Patients And Methods: Forty-seven patients aged 47-91 expecting blepharoplasty formed 3 groups: group 1 [16 subjects without POAG, median age 55 years (interquartile range 54-55.5)], group 2 [12 subjects without POAG, median age 73 (72-76.

[Melanoma-associated vitelliform retinopathy (a clinical case study)].

Melanoma-associated vitelliform retinopathy is a manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome in skin melanoma. Paraneoplastic syndrome, while not being a tumor or a metastatic disease, is regarded as a tumor-associated disease related to extraocular localization of neoplasm. In this clinical case, the diagnosis of melanoma-associated vitelliform retinopathy was based on a combination of clinical, angiographic, autofluorescence and morphometric signs of bilateral lesion.

[Endothelins and dopamine levels in tears for assessment of neurovascular disorders in glaucoma].

Purpose: To estimate the possibility of detection of neurovascular ocular disorders in glaucoma by assessing the content of catecholamines and endothelins in lacrimal fluid.

Material And Methods: The study included 47 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Tear eluate was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for catecholamines concentrations, and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used for evaluation of endothelins content.

[Impact of antiangiogenic therapy on ocular blood flow and microcirculation in diabetic macular edema].

Unlabelled: Today, diabetic macular edema (DME) is still one of the main causes of vision loss in patients with diabetes.

Purpose: To identify changes in the ocular blood flow and microvascular network of the macular zone in patients with DME after antiangiogenic therapy.

Material And Methods: In the course of the study, 25 patients (50 eyes) with monolateral clinically significant DME aged 67.

A comparative study of structural, functional and circulatory parameters in glaucoma diagnostics.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of structural parameters, vessel density (VD) measured by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and electrophysiological testing in diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: 35 healthy participants and 90 POAG subjects underwent the measurement of whole image en face (wi) VD in the disc/peripapillary region and macula, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and the average thickness of ganglion cell complex (GCC), pattern electroretinograms and pattern visual evoked potentials. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was assessed for each parameter to differentiate early POAG from healthy eyes and between the POAG stages.

Immunological monitoring for prediction of clinical response to antitumor vaccine therapy.

Immunotherapy has shown promising results in a variety of cancers, including melanoma. However, the responses to therapy are usually heterogeneous, and understanding the factors affecting clinical outcome is still not achieved. Here, we show that immunological monitoring of the vaccine therapy for melanoma patients may help to predict the clinical course of the disease.

[A modified implant for upper eyelid ptosis correction in frontalis suspension surgery].

Aim: to develop a modified implant to correct ptosis through brow suspension and to evaluate its effectiveness.

Material And Methods: The clinical group consisted of 20 patients (29 eyes) aged 23 to 69 years (45±5.3 years on the average) and the comparison group - of 20 patients (33 eyes) aged 19 to 77 years (47±9.

[The potential of ectoprosthetics in rehabilitation of patients with orbital pathology].

Aim: rectification of indications and contraindications for ectoprosthetics and exploration of its potential as a modern rehabilitation modality.

Material And Methods: Here are summarized the results of 89 cases of facial reconstruction with prosthetic means in trauma patients and those who had had congenital or oncological pathology and in whom other methods of rehabilitation were unable to remedy the defect within the orbital region.

Results: The indications and contraindications for facial prosthetics as well as the conditions, under which this type of medical and social rehabilitation can be carried out, were clarified.

[Stabilizing effectiveness of orthokeratology and long-term minute-concentration atropine therapy in myopia (draft report)].

Unlabelled: The rational for the study was the high prevalence of myopia in the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), myopia is one of the five leading causes of blindness and low vision. Of recent reports on conservative measures for the stabilization of myopia, two areas of investigation deserve attention: methods of optical correction that affect peripheral refraction, orthokeratology lenses (OKL) in particular, and pharmacotherapy.

[Peripheral refraction and retinal contour in congenital and acquired high myopia].

Aim: to perform a comparative study of peripheral refraction and retinal contour in patients with congenital versus acquired high myopia.

Material And Methods: A total of 30 patients (60 eyes) with high myopia aged 8 to 18 years (11.2±0.

[Atropine use for progressive myopia in children and adolescents].

The worldwide prevalence of myopia varies within the range of 20-50% among the adult population of Europe and the United States reaching 60-90% in Asian countries. Reduction of pediatric myopia rates is an important task of medicine. From many reported conservative methods for stabilization of myopia, those that involve pharmaceutical measures are worth paying attention to.

Therapeutic Proteins for Treatment of Corneal Epithelial Defects.

Corneal epithelial disorders take pride of place in modern ophthalmology. Defects of corneal epithelium are commonly accompanied by blurry vision, photophobia and tearing. Since cornea is the most densely innervated tissue of organisms, its disruption leads to development of a severe pain syndrome.

[Functional examinations of visual channels: clinical aspects].

The review discusses literature data on the clinical relevance of functional assessment of magno- (M), parvo- (P), and koniocellular (K) pathways. It also covers the differential contribution of the M, P, and K channels to visual impairments and how it determines the prognosis, early diagnosis, and treatment choice in patients with neurodegenerative diseases of the retina and brain. Selective changes in the performance of the visual channels are investigated by the example of glaucoma and optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.