[Ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome: What is common in their diagnosis and treatment?].

Complications of cirrhosis are a main cause of death in the immediate and late follow-up periods in these patients. Portal hypertension, edematous-ascitic syndrome, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, and hepatic encephalopathy are poor predictors. The sociomedical importance of these complications is obvious for reasons of the high risk of death in these patients in the immediate period (15-30 days).

[Dyssynergic defecation is one of the causes of chronic constipation].

Aim: To define the rate and type distribution of dyssynergic defecation (DD) in patients with primary chronic constipation (CC) and to evaluate the efficiency of biofeedback (BFB) therapy.

Subjects And Methods: One hundred and thirty-two 18-to-89-year-old patients treated in the Moscow Clinical Research and Practical Center for primary CC were examined using proctological examination, colonofibroscopy, anorectal manometry (ARM), and the balloon expulsion test.

Results: Different types of DD were identified in 44.

[Clinical and pathogenetic features of esophageal spasm].

Aim: To comparatively analyze clinical manifestations in patients with primary esophageal spasm (ES) and its concurrence with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and the results of their instrumental examinations and psychodiagnostic tests.

Subjects And Methods: A total of 104 patients with the clinical and manometric signs of ES were examined and divided into two groups: 1) 42 patients with primary ES; 2) 62 patients with ES concurrent with GERD. The examination encompassed esophageal manometry, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 24-hour pH metry, and an interview using a questionnaire to identify autonomic disorders, and the Mini-Mult test.

[Complicated gastroesophageal reflux disease in the presence of congenital esophageal shortening].

The paper presents a clinical case of complicated gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and describes problems in the differential diagnosis of malignant esophageal lesion in patients with GERD and a treatment modality used in this clinical case.

[Impact of bariatric surgery on vitamin metabolisms in obese patients].

Aim: To investigate the impact of bariatric surgery (BS) on the level of vitamins in obese patients.

Subjects And Methods: One hundred obese patients (78 women and 22 men) aged 19 to 61 years were examined. Controlled gastric banding (CGB) was carried out in 20 patients (mean body mass index (BMI), 41.

[Safety of mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases: results of a 5-year follow-up].

Aim: To compare the safety of therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) who have received combination anti-inflammatory therapy using bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and standard therapy with 5-aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticosteroids, and immunosuppressive agents.

Subjects And Methods: Unfavorable consequences were analyzed in 103 patients (56 with UC and 47 with CD) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) after MSC administration. The findings were compared with data obtained in 208 patients with UC and CD on standard anti-inflammatory therapy.

[Carbohydrase activities may serve as a marker for small intestinal mucosal recovery in patients with celiac disease].

Aim. To clinically evaluate the activity of glucoamylase, maltase, saccharase, and lactase in the small intestinal mucosa (SIM) of patients with celiac disease. Subjects and methods.

[Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth as a cause of lactase deficiency].

Aim: To establish the rate of lactase deficiency (LD) in patients with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS), to define a role of enteric bacteria in the pathogenesis of hypolactasia, and to evaluate the efficiency of probiotic therapy.

Subjects And Methods: Examinations were made in 386 patients with PI-IBS, including 112 (79.4%) women; mean age 33.

[Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia: the author's observation].

The paper gives a case history of a patient with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia (CVHGG). Its clinical picture was characterized by frequent inflammatory airway diseases, pansinusitis, and periodic rises in temperature up to febrile ones. The diagnosis was established on the basis of the decreased serum concentrations of immunoglobulins (IG) A, M, and G, the unusual small intestinal (SI) wall relief created by large lymphoid follicles, as well as the characteristic sign of CVHGG, namely, the lack of plasma cells in the lamina propria of the SI mucosa.

[Neurological complications due to vitamin deficiencies after bariatric surgery].

The most effective treatment for pathological obesity is bariatric surgery; however, a patient may postoperatively develop vitamin deficiencies. In inadequate intake of food and its malabsorption after surgery, there are chiefly deficiencies of vitamins B1, B6, B12, and vitamin E, leading to complications as central and peripheral nervous system dysfunctions. The most marked nervous system changes are observed as polyneuropathy and severe Wernicke's encephalopathy in vitamin B, deficiency.

[Specific features of the enteric microbiota composition in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis].

Aim: To establish the specific features of the taxonomic and functional composition of the enteric microbiota in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (LC).

Subjects And Methods: Metagenomic analysis was used to study the taxonomic composition and functional potential of the enteric microbiota in 20 patients with alcoholic LC. Total DNA was isolated from the patients' fecal samples; thereafter full genome sequencing was carried out.

[Four variants of the pathogenesis of diarrhea and its therapy].

Diarrhea is a symptom of many diseases; its pathogenesis is associated with four main mechanisms: water and electrolyte secretion into the intestinal lumen, osmolarity of the chyme, exudation, and impaired intestinal motility. The clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapy of bowel diseases are discussed in terms of the pathogenesis of diarrhea.