Transient destabilization of interhemispheric functional connectivity induced by spreading depolarization.

Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD), a slowly propagating wave of transient cellular depolarization, is a reliable cortical response to various brain insults (stroke, trauma, seizures) and underlying mechanism of migraine aura. Little is known about CSD effects on brain network activity. Using undirected (mutual information, MI) and directed (transfer entropy, TE) measures, we studied the dynamics of cross-hemispheric connectivity associated with the development of unilateral CSD in freely behaving rats and the involvement of inhibitory transmission in mechanisms of the coupling changes.

Association between atherosclerosis and the development of multi-organ pathologies.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the vascular system, characterised by the accumulation of modified lipoproteins, immune cell aggregation and the development of fibrous tissue within blood vessel walls. As atherosclerosis impacts blood vessels, its adverse effects may manifest across various tissues and organs. In this review, we examine the association of atherosclerosis with Alzheimer's disease, stroke, pancreatic and thyroid dysfunction, kidney stones and chronic kidney diseases.

Africa and Arabia encompass a much greater species diversity in the aggregate (Amaranthaceae, achyranthoid clade): Evidence from morphological and chorological data.

in its traditional sense (excluding that phylogenetically falls into ) has been considered to contain a restricted (three to four) number of species in Africa and one or two species in the Arabian Peninsula. The morphology of the type species of the genus, , has been treated as highly polymorphic, with several varieties recognised by various authors. Not surprisingly, a recent extended phylogeny revealed a non-monophyly of .

Pear-Shaped Eggs Evolved to Maximize the Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio, Increase Metabolism, and Shorten Incubation Time in Birds.

Bird eggs can be spherical, ellipsoid, ovoid, or pear-shaped (pyriform), the latter being the most complex. There is however no unambiguous evolutionary/adaptive explanation for this final, exotic shape. We hypothesized that pyriform eggs have a larger surface area-to-volume ratio (S/V) that may be a criterion for increased embryo metabolism.

Novel Insights on the Biology and Immunological Effects of Histamine: A Road Map for Allergists and Mast Cell Biologists.

Histamine (CHN, molecular weight 111.15 g/mol) is a well-studied endogenous biogenic amine composed of an imidazole ring attached to an ethylamine side chain. It has a limited half-life of a few minutes within tissues and in circulation.

The lawc gene emerged de novo from conserved genomic elements and acquired a broad expression pattern in Drosophila.

It has recently become evident that the de novo emergence of genes is widespread and documented for a variety of organisms. De novo genes frequently emerge in proximity to existing genes, forming gene overlaps. Here, we present an analysis of the evolutionary history of a putative de novo gene, lawc, which overlaps with the conserved Trf2 gene, which encodes a general transcription factor in Drosophila melanogaster.

The Mucosal Protection in the Treatment of Erosive Reflux Esophagitis: Mechanisms for Restoring Epithelial Permeability. A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background And Aims: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is widespread in the population and is characterized by the risk of developing Barrett's esophagus and associated adenocarcinoma. Key factors in the progression of the disease are not only the frequency and duration of reflux episodes, but also the resistance of the esophageal mucosa to aggressive reflux molecules. Assessment of the state of tight junction proteins, the rate of their recovery under the influence of various treatment regimens is an urgent task for choosing optimal approaches to curing patients with GERD.

Ultrastructural disturbances in microglia-neuron interactions in the head of the caudate nucleus in schizophrenia.

Previously we found altered microglia-neuron interactions in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. We hypothesized that microglia-neuron interactions may be dysregulated in the caudate nucleus in schizophrenia. A postmortem ultrastructural morphometric study was performed to investigate satellite microglia (SatMg) and adjacent neurons in the head of the caudate nucleus in 21 cases of schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls.

Microbial diversity of hot springs of the Kuril Islands.

The Kuril Islands are located in the Far-East of Russia and enriched with shallow and terrestrial hot springs. Prokaryotic diversity of Kuril geothermal environments has been studied fragmentarily and mainly by culture-dependent methods. We performed the first large-scale investigation of microbial communities, inhabited more than 30 terrestrial hot springs of Kunashir and Iturup Islands, analyzed by 16S rRNA gene fragment amplicon sequencing, together with chemical analysis of thermal waters and sediments.

[Problems of poliomyelitis eradication].

The article is devoted to the problems of implementation of the WHO Global Polio Eradication Initiative. The influence of the features of poliovirus infection and poliovirus vaccines on the course of the program, its successes and difficulties is considered, the issue of possibility of eradication this infection is discussed.

[Anticoagulant therapy for chronic heart disease atrial failure and fibrillation: a review].

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) often accompany each other, as they share similar risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. AF in patients with HF is known to increase hospitalizations and worsen prognosis. A combination of AF and HF translates into high risks of thromboembolic complications, which renders anticoagulants an important aspect of therapy for these patients.

[Infant botulism: an underestimated problem. A review].

The article is devoted to a form of botulism that has been little studied in our country and is registered exclusively in infants. The fundamental difference between this form and the most common foodborne botulism is that infants become infected by ingestion of spores, followed by their germination, colonization of the intestines and production of botulinum toxin , which leads to the development of life-threatening flaccid paralysis. Taking into account the peculiarities of pathogenesis, the clinical manifestations of infant botulism have some features, which are discussed by the authors.

[The effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal infection in patients with severe bronchial asthma].

Introduction: The article discusses topical issues of the use of conjugated 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine Prevenar®13 (PCV13) in patients with severe bronchial asthma (SBA), including those receiving targeted therapy with genetically engineered biological drugs (GEBD).

Aim: To study the effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal infection (PI) in patients with SBA.

Materials And Methods: The study included 381 patients with SBA.

[Hematologic indices as an available tool in the diagnosis of adverse course of COVID-19].

Aim: To study the prognostic significance of hematologic indices: neutrophils/lymphocytes (N/L), platelets/lymphocytes (P/L) and lymphocytes/C-reactive protein (L/CRP) in relation to the complicated course of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), as well as their correlation with COVID-19 course severity indices and endothelial dysfunction marker sVCAM-1.

Materials And Methods: 103 patients with new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) were included in the study. Based on the data of multispiral computed tomography (CT) of the chest organs, all patients were divided into 3 groups: CT group 1 - 30 patients, CT group 2 - 62 patients and CT group 3 - 11 patients.

Impact of Race on the Outcomes of Retinoblastoma Treated With Primary Enucleation: A Global Study of 1426 Patients.

Background: To evaluate the clinical presentation, pathological features and outcomes of retinoblastoma based on the race of origin in a global cohort of patients.

Methods: Retrospective collaborative study of 1426 patients who underwent primary enucleation for retinoblastoma.

Results: Patients were grouped into Caucasians (n = 231, 16%), Asians (n = 841, 59%), Hispanics (n = 226, 16%), Arabs (n = 96, 7%) and Others (Africans, African Americans, Indigenous Australians; n = 32, 2%) cohorts.

[A case of rare hereditary Siddiqi syndrome with novel neuropsychiatric signs].

A fifth world case of autosomal recessive Siddiqi syndrome (SIDDIS) related to ene is presented. In a consanguineous Lezgin (a Dagestan ethnicity) family, there were two affected brothers aged 28 yrs (proband, personally examined) and 32 yrs. Whole-exome sequencing followed by familial Sanger sequencing detected a novel missence variant c.

[The relationship between neuropsychological indicators and neuroimaging changes according to MRI morphometry in patients with Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma].

Objective: Study of neuroimaging changes according to MRI morphometry and their comparison with the structure and severity of cognitive impairment (CI) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Material And Methods: The study involved 90 patients who were divided into two equal groups of 45 people and who early had diagnosis of AD (group 1; median age - 71 [66; 77] years) and POAG (group 2; median age - 68 [64; 77] years). 71] years).

[Comorbid anxiety disorders in patients with neurological pathology: current state of the problem and the role of etifoxine in treatment strategy].

The article presents theses of the resolution of the Interdisciplinary Council of Experts in Psychiatry and Neurology (Moscow, 2024) on the issue of comorbid anxiety disorders (AD) in patients with neurological pathologies. The authors highlight the high prevalence of comorbid ADs and their significant negative impact on the course of underlying diseases, such as epilepsy, pain syndromes and post-stroke conditions. Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of ADs in this group of patients are discussed.

[Chondroprotective therapy and adjuvant support for patients with chronic lower back pain].

The trend of an annual increase in the detection of new cases of osteoarthritis (OA) and an increase in the number of patients with chronic lower back pain (LBP) calls for the search for new drugs and pharmaconutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective properties. In 2019, approaches to the treatment of pain in OA significantly changed. In international and Russian clinical guidelines (CG), pharmaconutraceutical chondroitin sulfate (CS) and glucosamine sulfate (GS) are recommended for OA of different localization as a basic therapy.

[Oxidative stress and antioxidant protection in disorders of cerebral circulation].

At the present stage, great progress has been achieved in understanding the mechanisms of the development of cerebral ischemia. This became possible due to the achievements of theoretical disciplines, in connection with which the general biological approach was formed in the study of pathogenesis of acute and chronic cerebrovascular disorders (CVD). The discovery of pathways of free radical oxidation in cerebral ischemia made it possible to substantiate and develop therapeutic strategies using drugs with antioxidant and neuroprotective activity.

[Comprehensive rehabilitation of spinal trauma patients with extended involvement of nursing staff and neurometabolic therapy].

Objective: Analysis of the effectiveness of the use of the drug Cytoflavin and the organization of the activities of nursing staff, within the framework of nursing care, in the complex therapy of patients with spinal cord injury (PSMT).

Material And Methods: Material and methods. 40 patients with PSMT due to a gunshot wound were examined, who were divided into two equal groups depending on the type of therapy performed: group 1 patients received the full volume of stage I medical rehabilitation (with additional use of neurodevelopmental techniques under the supervision of a Bobata department nurse) and standard drug therapy, including a course of intravenous Cytoflavin infusions followed by tablet form; group 2 patients received the full volume of stage I medical rehabilitation and standard drug therapy, but did not receive Cytoflavin.

[Investigation of general toxic effects of Relatox in comparison with Dysport].

Objective: To evaluate the toxic effects of the agent Relatox on mature outbred rats and mice in an acute experiment in comparison with the registered analogue Dysport.

Material And Methods: Based on the aim of experiment, the acute toxic effects of Relatox and Dysport were assessed on two animal species: rats and mice at intraperitoneal and intramuscular administration at dose levels that made it possible to calculate the toxicological parameter values (initially 10-150 U/kg with subsequent usage of additional doses 20 U/kg to 300 U/kg depending on the agent and route of administration). The LD values and other acute toxic parameters were calculated using probit analysis.

[Therapeutic targets of adolescent depression with attenuated symptoms of schizophrenia].

Objective: Identification of therapeutic targets in the treatment of adolescent depression with attenuated symptoms of schizophrenia and assessment of the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.

Material And Methods: One hundred and twenty-three patients (mean age 19.6±2.

[Absence status epilepticus in adults].

Absence status epilepticus (ASE) is a type of nonconvulsive status epilepticus, in which varying grade of consciousness impairment lasting more than 15 minutes and are accompanied by constant generalized spike-wave complexes with a frequency of 2.5-4 Hz on the electroencephalogram (EEG). ASE can be observed in various epileptic syndromes, usually detected in children.