Image quality assessment of retinal fundus photographs for diabetic retinopathy in the machine learning era: a review.

This study aimed to evaluate the image quality assessment (IQA) and quality criteria employed in publicly available datasets for diabetic retinopathy (DR). A literature search strategy was used to identify relevant datasets, and 20 datasets were included in the analysis. Out of these, 12 datasets mentioned performing IQA, but only eight specified the quality criteria used.

Show don't tell: assessing the impact of co-developed patient information videos in paediatric uveitis.

Background/objectives: There is a paucity of online educational content targeting children and young people with uveitis. We evaluated the impact of a co-designed patient education video on subjective and objective understanding of childhood uveitis.

Subjects/methods: Co-designed patient education media were produced in collaboration with the Childhood Uveitis Studies steering group and the Great Ormond Street Hospital Generation R Young People's Advisory Group and narrated by children.

Evaluation of Anterior and Posterior Corneal Higher Order Aberrations for the Detection of Keratoconus and Suspect Keratoconus.

Aim: To investigate the application of anterior and posterior corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in detecting keratoconus (KC) and suspect keratoconus (SKC).

Method: A retrospective, case-control study evaluating non-ectatic (normal) eyes, SKC eyes, and KC eyes. The Sirius Scheimpfug (CSO, Italy) analyses was used to measure HOAs of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces.

Diabetic retinopathy classification for supervised machine learning algorithms.

Background: Artificial intelligence and automated technology were first reported more than 70 years ago and nowadays provide unprecedented diagnostic accuracy, screening capacity, risk stratification, and workflow optimization. Diabetic retinopathy is an important cause of preventable blindness worldwide, and artificial intelligence technology provides precocious diagnosis, monitoring, and guide treatment. High-quality exams are fundamental in supervised artificial intelligence algorithms, but the lack of ground truth standards in retinal exams datasets is a problem.

Determinants of vitreomacular traction width: associations with foveal floor width and vitreoretinal interface changes.

To investigate the relationship between vitreomacular traction (VMT) width, foveal floor width (FFW) and other anatomical characteristics between eyes of patients with VMT. Retrospective observational study of unilateral and bilateral VMT cases from two specialist ophthalmic centres in the United Kingdom (UK) between 2016 and 2018. For unilateral VMT cases: VMT width in the affected eye and FFW in the non-affected fellow eye were measured.

Evidence Based Prediction and Progression Monitoring on Retinal Images from Three Nations.

Purpose: The aim of this work is to demonstrate how a retinal image analysis system, DAPHNE, supports the optimization of diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening programs for grading color fundus photography.

Method: Retinal image sets, graded by trained and certified human graders, were acquired from Saudi Arabia, China, and Kenya. Each image was subsequently analyzed by the DAPHNE automated software.

Long-term effect of YAG laser iridotomy on corneal endothelium in primary angle closure suspects: a 72-month randomised controlled study.

Purposes: To evaluate the effect of YAG laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) on corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and morphology in primary angle closure suspects (PACS) over 72 months.

Methods: The Zhongshan Angle Closure Prevention Trial is a single-centre randomised controlled trial. Subjects with bilateral PACS received YAG LPI prophylactic treatment in one eye randomly, while the fellow eye served as control.

Delayed Onset Scleromalacia and Conjunctival Bleb Formation Following Intraoperative Mitomycin C Application during Conjunctival Melanoma Excision.

Purpose: To present a case of delayed onset scleromalacia and conjunctival bleb formation one year after conjunctival melanoma excision with intraoperative use of mitomycin-C (MMC) and double-freeze-thaw technique.

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 69-year-old woman had a conjunctival melanoma excised by the 'no touch technique' with intraoperative application of 0.

Comparison of outcomes of four different treatment modalities for diabetic vitreous haemorrhage.

We compared outcomes of four different management modalities for diabetic VH. Patients with diabetic VH were identified in this retrospective study undertaken at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Eyes were grouped based on the treatment received: control (observation only), intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection(s), pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), and preoperative single IVB injection before PPV.

ISCEV extended protocol for the S-cone ERG.

The International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standard for full-field electroretinography (ERG) describes a minimum procedure for testing generalized retinal function but encourages more extensive testing. This extended protocol describes a method of assessing the function of the short-wavelength-sensitive cone (S-cone) retinal pathway, using a short-wavelength flash superimposed on a background that saturates the rods and adapts the L/M-cones to elicit a response, known as the S-cone ERG. Stimulus parameters such as the strength and luminance of the flash and background, respectively, and their spectral and temporal characteristics are specified.

Refractive surprise after routine cataract surgery with multifocal IOLs attributable to corneal epithelial basement membrane dystrophy.

We describe two patients in whom postsurgical refractive error occurred after routine refractive lens exchange cataract surgery with multifocal intraocular lens insertion most likely attributable to the presence of underlying corneal epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD). In Case 1, there was an unexpected hyperopic postoperative spherical equivalent refractive error of +1.50 diopters and in Case 2, a cylindrical refractive error of 2.

TYPE 3 NEOVASCULARIZATION IMAGED WITH CROSS-SECTIONAL AND EN FACE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY.

Purpose: To study the cross-sectional and en face optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in Type 3 neovascularization (NV).

Methods: Optical coherence tomography angiography imaging of 27 eyes of 23 patients with Type 3 NV was analyzed with 9 eyes having consecutive follow-up OCTA studies.

Results: Type 3 NV appeared as a linear high-flow structure on cross-sectional OCTA corresponding to a high-flow tuft of vessels seen on en face OCTA.

Diagnostic use of botulinum toxin in patients with Duane syndrome.

Introduction: Duane syndrome is a difficult condition to treat. Patients and parents need to be informed that it will not resolve and it is not possible to create normal eye movements surgically. Botulinum toxin may be used to assess the likelihood of reducing the abnormal head posture and reducing the diplopia by increasing the field of binocular single vision.

Syphilis and HIV: a dangerous combination.

HIV and syphilis affect similar patient groups and co-infection is common. All patients presenting with syphilis should be offered HIV testing and all HIV-positive patients should be regularly screened for syphilis. Syphilis agent may enhance the transmission of the other, probably through increased incidence of genital ulcers.