Benzodiazepine Use During Pregnancy Alone or in Combination With an Antidepressant and Congenital Malformations: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To summarize the effects of antenatal benzodiazepine exposure as monotherapy and in combination with antidepressants on the risk of congenital malformations.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to June 30, 2018, using controlled vocabulary and keywords (eg, prenatal, benzodiazepines, malformation).

Study Selection: English-language cohort studies with prospectively collected data on the risk of malformations in benzodiazepine-exposed and -unexposed offspring were evaluated.

Aripiprazole adjunct treatment in bipolar I or II disorder, depressed state: a 2-year clinical study.

The symptomatic course of bipolar disorder (BPD) is chronic and dominated by depression. As recurrence rates are high, maintenance therapy is required. Although efficacious, mood stabilizers may be hampered by poor adherence, and second-generation antipsychotic medications may be associated with weight gain and metabolic abnormalities.

Social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

Social anxiety disorder (SOC) is characterized by marked and persistent fear of one or more social performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny. The person fears that she or he might act in a way that will be humiliating or embarrassing. Children and adolescents with this disorder often have great impairment in their academic performance, social skills, peer relationships, and family life.

Pilot study of community-based cognitive behavioral group therapy for adolescents with social phobia.

Objective: A pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral group therapy program for adolescents with social phobia, simplified both in terms of time and labor intensity from a previously studied program (Social Effectiveness Therapy for Children and Adolescents) to be more appropriate for a community outpatient psychiatric setting.

Method: Twelve adolescents with social phobia (ages 13-18), diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria and confirmed with Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children assessment, were randomly assigned to treatment (n=6) and waitlist (n=6) groups. The waitlist group was subsequently treated, and results were included in the data analysis.

New developments in pharmacotherapy of pediatric anxiety disorders.

Anxiety disorders affect about 10% of children and adolescents, are often chronic and impair psychological, academic and social functioning. Recent studies have clearly demonstrated the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in young people with obsessive-compulsive disorder and mixed or generalized anxiety disorders. Evidence is emerging for effectiveness in social phobia and its variant, selective mutism.

Correlation between anxiety and oppositionality in a children's mood and anxiety disorder clinic.

Objective: While parents and clinicians have described oppositional features as interfering with the management of children with anxiety, research on this relation is lacking. We designed this study to investigate the presence of oppositional symptoms in children presenting with mood and anxiety symptoms.

Method: In a mood and anxiety disorders clinic, we used the DSM-IV Child Symptom Inventory to document the presence and correlates of oppositional defiant symptoms in 145 preadolescents assessed during a 2-year period.

Amotivational syndrome associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in children and adolescents.

A frontal lobe syndrome has previously been reported in adults treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), but not in children. Five typical cases of apathy and lack of motivation, one accompanied by disinhibition, are described in a child and four adolescents. Symptoms were dose related and reversible.

Rages and refusals. Managing the many faces of adolescent anxiety.

Objective: To provide family physicians with a practical approach to recognition, assessment, and treatment of adolescent anxiety disorders complicated by avoidance or oppositional behaviour.

Quality Of Evidence: Current literature was searched via MEDLINE using the MeSH headings Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders, focusing on epidemiology, clinical presentations in adolescence, and both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment. In addition, internationally accepted diagnostic criteria, current practice guidelines, and recent textbooks by recognized experts were reviewed.