Effect of Characteristic Inflammatory and Structural Pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lesions on Expert Assessment of Axial Juvenile Spondyloarthritis.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings on axial disease assessment in juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSpA).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients with JSpA with suspected axial disease. Three experts reviewed each case and rated their confidence (-3 to +3) in the presence of axial disease, first with clinical data and second with clinical and MRI data.

Right Ventricular Function and Outcomes Stratified by the Effective Regurgitant Orifice Area in Secondary Tricuspid Regurgitation.

Background: In patients with moderate and severe secondary tricuspid regurgitation (STR), the effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA), corrected using the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method for tricuspid valve leaflet tethering and low TR jet velocities, has an unclear threshold for identifying high-risk patients. This study aimed to establish a risk-based EROA cutoff and assess the impact of right ventricular (RV) remodeling on outcomes in low-risk STR patients according to EROA.

Methods: We included 513 consecutive outpatients (age 75±13 years, 47% male) with moderate and severe STR.

Neutrophils restricted contribution of genetic variants to COVID-19 severity.

The 3p21.31 locus is the most robust genomic region associated with COVID-19 severity. This locus contains a main chemokine receptor (CKR) cluster.

Esketamine Treatment Trajectory of Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression in the Mid and Long-Term Run: Data from REAL-ESK Study Group.

Introduction/objective: Data on long-term treatment with Esketamine Nasal Spray (ESKNS) in real-world patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD) is scarce. The primary aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of ESK-NS treatment at 6 and 12-month follow-ups.

Methods: This is part of an observational, retrospective, multicentric Italian study (REAL-ESK study).

Successful Pregnancies During Crizotinib Therapy for Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Positive Lymphoma.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (ALK+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) typically affects young individuals and, despite high responsiveness to cytotoxic drugs, relapses occur in over 50% of patients. Crizotinib has improved outcomes, but its management in patients desiring parenthood remains an issue. This study presents the first description of four successful pregnancies during crizotinib treatment for ALK+ALCL: a female patient achieving two pregnancies through assisted reproductive technologies (ART), temporarily discontinuing crizotinib and maintaining a complete remission (CR), and a male patient conceiving naturally while on continuous therapy.

Do national cancer control plans address care and research for children, adolescents, and young adults? A review of status, priorities, and recommendations across 41 European countries.

Paediatric cancers, although rare, are the leading cause of disease-related mortality in European children above one year. A key pillar of the European Health Union, Europe's Beating Cancer Plan (EBCP) puts a spotlight on childhood cancer. National Cancer Control Plans (NCCPs) have a key role but did not address childhood cancers sufficiently previously.

Oral Anticancer Therapies: Addressing Nonadherence in Patients With Breast Cancer.

This review aims to investigate the issue of treatment nonadherence and to present the available strategies to improve adherence to oral treatments in breast cancer. A literature search was conducted to contextualise the issue of nonadherence, investigate the reasons behind nonadherence, and demonstrate strategies to address treatment nonadherence in breast cancer. Findings indicate that adherence rates decrease while discontinuation rates increase with increasing lengths of breast cancer treatment course.

Laparoscopic versus open resection for hepatocellular carcinoma according to the procedure's complexity: real-world weighted data from a national register.

Background: Minimal access liver surgery (MALS) is considered superior to open liver resection (OLR) in reducing the perioperative risk in patients affected by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). No national-level comparisons exist based on procedure complexity. This study aims to compare postoperative complications, postoperative ascites (POA), and major complications (MC) between MALS and OLR.

Hepatotoxicity in Cancer Immunotherapy: Diagnosis, Management, and Future Perspectives.

Cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, has positively impacted oncological treatments. Despite its effectiveness, immunotherapy is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that can affect any organ, including the liver. Hepatotoxicity primarily manifests as immune-related hepatitis and, less frequently, cholangitis.

Unlocking the Heterogeneity in Acute Leukaemia: Dissection of Clonal Architecture and Metabolic Properties for Clinical Interventions.

Genetic studies of haematological cancers have pointed out the heterogeneity of leukaemia in its different subpopulations, with distinct mutations and characteristics, impacting the treatment response. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and genome-wide analyses, as well as single-cell technologies, have offered unprecedented insights into the clonal heterogeneity within the same tumour. A key component of this heterogeneity that remains unexplored is the intracellular metabolome, a dynamic network that determines cell functions, signalling, epigenome regulation, immunity and inflammation.

Integrated Lung, Diaphragm and Lower Limb Muscular Ultrasound: Clinical Correlations in Geriatric Patients with Acute Respiratory Illness.

: Point-of-care lung ultrasonography (LUS) represents an accurate diagnostic tool in older patients with respiratory failure. The integration of LUS with ultrasonographic assessment of diaphragm thickness and excursion, right vastus lateralis (RVL) muscle thickness and cross-sectional area (CSA) could provide real-time information on frailty and sarcopenia. The primary aim of this proof-of-concept prospective study was to evaluate clinical correlates of thoracic, diaphragmatic, and muscular ultrasound to characterize the associations between frailty, respiratory failure, and sarcopenia in older patients hospitalized for acute respiratory complaints.

Transorbital laser surgery for epilepsy: Anatomic-radiological feasibility of transorbital magnetic resonance imaging-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRIgLITT) for amygdalohippocampectomy in refractory epilepsy.

Objective: to study the anatomical feasibility of laser fiber insertion for interstitial thermal therapy via transorbital approach to the temporo-mesial structures (amygdala-hippocampus-parahippocampus complex).

Methods: Anatomical dissections were performed bilaterally on two human cadaveric heads via a transorbital approach, in which screws and laser fibers were used for magnetic resonance imaging-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRIgLITT) assisted by neuronavigation. In addition, eight transorbital trajectories were simulated using the transorbital entry points obtained from a cadaveric radiological study of four patients previously operated on for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Hybrid Setting for Minimally Invasive Mitral Surgery in Patients With Inferior Vena Caval Filters.

Current cardiac surgery has evolved to include hybrid and minimally invasive settings. In parallel, less invasive techniques have been extended to complex clinical scenarios and may prove even more beneficial in higher-risk patients. However, comorbidities and challenging anatomy still represent limitations to widespread application of this philosophy.

aGvHDtrackR and cGvHDtrackR: shiny applications for graft versus host disease management and clinical data collection.

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is one of the most common and troublesome complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Despite adequate GvHD prophylaxis, 30-50% of the patients still develop acute or chronic GvHD, often requiring multiple lines of therapy. Therefore, it is crucial to closely monitor the onset and the response of GvHD to therapies to identify the best available treatment for each patient.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of fetal liver hematopoietic niches.

Embryonic hematopoietic cells develop in the fetal liver (FL), surrounded by diverse non-hematopoietic stromal cells. However, the spatial organization and cytokine production patterns of the stroma during FL development remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized and mapped the hematopoietic and stromal cell populations at early (E12.

Ventilation distribution during spontaneous breathing trials predicts liberation from mechanical ventilation: the VISION study.

Background: Predicting complete liberation from mechanical ventilation (MV) is still challenging. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) offers a non-invasive measure of regional ventilation distribution and could bring additional information.

Research Question: Whether the display of regional ventilation distribution during a Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT) could help at predicting early and successful liberation from MV.

Probability of Starting Two-Drug Regimen (2DR) vs. Three-Drug Regimen (3DR) in ART-Naïve and ART-Experienced Person with HIV (PWH) Across the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic.

: This study examined the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on antiretroviral therapy (ART) prescriptions among persons living with HIV (PWH) in Italy. : Data from the ICONA cohort included ART-naïve individuals who started ART between January 2019 and December 2022, and ART-experienced individuals who started new ART with HIV RNA ≤50 cps/mL from January 2016 to December 2022. The analysis focused on the proportion of PWH starting or switching to dual (2DR) versus triple (3DR) ART regimens.

6-Aza-2-Thiothymine as an Alternative Matrix for Spatial Proteomics with MALDI-MSI.

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation-Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a well-established spatial omic technique which enables the untargeted mapping of various classes of biomolecules, including tryptic peptides, directly on tissue. This method relies on the use of matrices for the ionisation and volatilisation of analytes, and α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) represents the most widespread matrix for tryptic peptides analysis. However, CHCA also presents certain limitations that foster the quest for novel matrix compounds.

Extracellular Vesicle miR-122-5p as a Prognostic Biomarker in Pediatric Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Currently, risk stratification for pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma is based on clinical factors such as stage, bulk, and systemic symptoms. Novel minimally invasive biomarkers could enhance both prognosis and treatment strategies. Therefore, the plasma extracellular vesicles' microRNA profile was characterized by small RNA sequencing in 36 classical Hodgkin lymphoma cases and these findings were confirmed in an extended cohort of 86 patients by RT-qPCR.

The Effects of Beta-Blockers on Leukocytes and the Leukocyte Subpopulation in Heart Failure Patients.

Some specific types of white blood cells (WBCs) and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are independent predictors of outcome for heart failure (HF) patients. WBC redistribution is induced by catecholamines, and therefore we evaluate how different types of beta-blockers (BBs) influence it. The HF patients were clinically evaluated, and blood was drawn to measure N-Terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), WBC-differential formula, etc.

Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Inhibitors Enhance Phagocytosis Induced by CD47 Blockade in Sensitive and Resistant ALK-Driven Malignancies.

Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) plays a role in the development of lymphoma, lung cancer and neuroblastoma. While tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved treatment outcomes, relapse remains a challenge due to on-target mutations and off-target resistance mechanisms. ALK-positive (ALK+) tumors can evade the immune system, partly through tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that facilitate immune escape.

Immunotherapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Modified Delphi Survey Consensus on First Line Treatment, Special Populations and Rechallenge.

: The treatment landscape for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has evolved significantly with the advent of immunotherapy. Nonetheless, uncertainty regarding optimal first-line treatments, special populations, and the feasibility of rechallenge remains. This study aims to investigate Italian oncologists' opinions on these aspects through a Delphi Survey.