Spatiotemporal dynamics of fetal liver hematopoietic niches.

Embryonic hematopoietic cells develop in the fetal liver (FL), surrounded by diverse non-hematopoietic stromal cells. However, the spatial organization and cytokine production patterns of the stroma during FL development remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized and mapped the hematopoietic and stromal cell populations at early (E12.

Ventilation distribution during spontaneous breathing trials predicts liberation from mechanical ventilation: the VISION study.

Background: Predicting complete liberation from mechanical ventilation (MV) is still challenging. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) offers a non-invasive measure of regional ventilation distribution and could bring additional information.

Research Question: Whether the display of regional ventilation distribution during a Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT) could help at predicting early and successful liberation from MV.

Probability of Starting Two-Drug Regimen (2DR) vs. Three-Drug Regimen (3DR) in ART-Naïve and ART-Experienced Person with HIV (PWH) Across the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic.

: This study examined the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on antiretroviral therapy (ART) prescriptions among persons living with HIV (PWH) in Italy. : Data from the ICONA cohort included ART-naïve individuals who started ART between January 2019 and December 2022, and ART-experienced individuals who started new ART with HIV RNA ≤50 cps/mL from January 2016 to December 2022. The analysis focused on the proportion of PWH starting or switching to dual (2DR) versus triple (3DR) ART regimens.

6-Aza-2-Thiothymine as an Alternative Matrix for Spatial Proteomics with MALDI-MSI.

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation-Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a well-established spatial omic technique which enables the untargeted mapping of various classes of biomolecules, including tryptic peptides, directly on tissue. This method relies on the use of matrices for the ionisation and volatilisation of analytes, and α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) represents the most widespread matrix for tryptic peptides analysis. However, CHCA also presents certain limitations that foster the quest for novel matrix compounds.

Extracellular Vesicle miR-122-5p as a Prognostic Biomarker in Pediatric Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Currently, risk stratification for pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma is based on clinical factors such as stage, bulk, and systemic symptoms. Novel minimally invasive biomarkers could enhance both prognosis and treatment strategies. Therefore, the plasma extracellular vesicles' microRNA profile was characterized by small RNA sequencing in 36 classical Hodgkin lymphoma cases and these findings were confirmed in an extended cohort of 86 patients by RT-qPCR.

The Effects of Beta-Blockers on Leukocytes and the Leukocyte Subpopulation in Heart Failure Patients.

Some specific types of white blood cells (WBCs) and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are independent predictors of outcome for heart failure (HF) patients. WBC redistribution is induced by catecholamines, and therefore we evaluate how different types of beta-blockers (BBs) influence it. The HF patients were clinically evaluated, and blood was drawn to measure N-Terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), WBC-differential formula, etc.

Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Inhibitors Enhance Phagocytosis Induced by CD47 Blockade in Sensitive and Resistant ALK-Driven Malignancies.

Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) plays a role in the development of lymphoma, lung cancer and neuroblastoma. While tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved treatment outcomes, relapse remains a challenge due to on-target mutations and off-target resistance mechanisms. ALK-positive (ALK+) tumors can evade the immune system, partly through tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that facilitate immune escape.

Immunotherapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Modified Delphi Survey Consensus on First Line Treatment, Special Populations and Rechallenge.

: The treatment landscape for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has evolved significantly with the advent of immunotherapy. Nonetheless, uncertainty regarding optimal first-line treatments, special populations, and the feasibility of rechallenge remains. This study aims to investigate Italian oncologists' opinions on these aspects through a Delphi Survey.

Investigating the Local Effectiveness of Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Unresectable Female Genital Tract Melanomas: A Preliminary Real-World Study.

: Primary gynecological melanomas are rare malignancies with lower survival rates compared to cutaneous melanomas. Both preclinical and clinical data support the evidence that mucosal melanomas are photon-radioresistant but responsive to carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT). The aim of this study is to assess, in a real-world cohort, the effectiveness and tolerability of radical CIRT in patients with inoperable gynecological mucosal melanoma.

Sequential MALDI-HiPLEX-IHC and Untargeted Spatial Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Imaging to Detect Proteomic Alterations Associated with Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes.

MALDI-HiPLEX-IHC mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) represents a newly established workflow to map tens of antibodies linked to photocleavable mass tags (PC-MTs), which report the distribution of antigens in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. While this highly multiplexed approach has previously been integrated with untargeted methods, the possibility of mapping target cell antigens and performing bottom-up spatial proteomics on the same tissue section has yet to be explored. This proof-of-concept study presents a novel workflow combining MALDI-HiPLEX-IHC with untargeted spatial proteomics to analyze a single FFPE tissue section, using clinical clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissue as a model.

Automate the process of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks storage in the pathology laboratory: A proof of concept study.

Pathology laboratories are currently facing remarkable issues in the management of their archives due to the ongoing increase in the production of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks, which is often coupled with inadequate spatial and environmental storing conditions. The manual process of storage and retrieving further increases the likelihood of human-based mistakes, wastes professionals' working time, and, ultimately, widens reports signing turn-around times. In the present work, we outline the strategies underlying the development of an automated archive at the pathology services of the University of Modena.

International multicenter validation of AI-driven ultrasound detection of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian lesions are common and often incidentally detected. A critical shortage of expert ultrasound examiners has raised concerns of unnecessary interventions and delayed cancer diagnoses. Deep learning has shown promising results in the detection of ovarian cancer in ultrasound images; however, external validation is lacking.

Floor of the Mouth Hemorrhage Following Dental Implant Placement or Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) in the Atrophic Interforaminal Mandible.

The authors present two cases of mouth floor hemorrhage consequences of implant placement within the atrophic anterior mandible. In one patient, the implant placement was associated with the guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique. This serious complication has been widely described in the literature, especially in the anterior mandible area.

Decoding KRAS mutation in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy: A retrospective institutional comparison and literature review.

Introduction: KRAS mutation the most common molecular alteration in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is associated with an unfavourable prognosis, largely due to the lack of targeted therapeutic options for the majority of the KRAS mutated isoforms. The landscape of NSCLC treatment has expanded with the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Nonetheless, data regarding the efficacy of ICI in NSCLC patients harbouring KRAS mutations are conflicting.

Dual role of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-to-cell interaction tools that are attracting increasing interest in the literature in two opposing areas. In addition to their role in physiological development, there is growing evidence of their involvement in healing and protective processes. However, EVs also mediate pathological conditions, particularly contributing to the progression of several chronic diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases.

Prevalence and outcomes of arthritis in pediatric IBD: A multicenter study from the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition.

Background And Aims: The aim of the present study was to assess prevalence and disease outcomes of arthritis in a nationwide cohort of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: We collected data of pediatric IBD patients experiencing arthritis from the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition IBD registry. We gathered baseline and one-year follow-up data on concomitant IBD and arthritis diagnosis.

CT-radiomics and pathological tumor response to systemic therapy: A predictive analysis for colorectal liver metastases. Development and internal validation of a clinical-radiomic model.

Introduction: The standard treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is surgery with perioperative chemotherapy. A tumor response to systemic therapy confirmed at pathology examination is the strongest predictor of survival, but it cannot be adequately predicted in the preoperative setting. This bi-institutional retrospective study investigates whether CT-based radiomics of CRLM and peritumoral tissue provides a reliable non-invasive estimation of the pathological tumor response to chemotherapy.

Prognostic and predictive impact of NOTCH1 mutation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a systematic review.

Mutations in the oncogene are recurrently linked to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), found in approximately 10% of CLL cases at diagnosis. Although these mutations are associated with clinical outcomes, their significance in the context of treatment with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and BCL2 inhibitors remains controversial. Consequently, testing for mutations is not recommended outside of a clinical setting.

Perioperative Management and Outcomes of Pediatric Craniosynostosis Patients Undergoing Cranioplasty: A Retrospective Analysis.

Cranioplasty is a major surgical procedure typically performed in children under 1 year of age, often associated with significant complications. The scientific literature on perioperative management for children with craniosynostosis undergoing cranioplasty is limited. The authors' objective was to retrospectively evaluate the management, complication rates, and outcomes among children undergoing cranioplasty at our institution.

Reference ranges for complete blood count in children and adolescents with Down syndrome.

Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) is linked to unique hematopoietic characteristics that affect complete blood count (CBC) parameters. Accurate reference ranges are essential for proper CBC interpretation in this population.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 2,627 CBCs from 481 DS patients, aged 31 days to 18 years, at a tertiary care center in Italy.