A network meta-analysis of the association between patient traits and response to regular dosing with ICS/long-acting β-agonist plus short-acting β agonist reliever or maintenance and reliever therapy for asthma.

Introduction: Current treatment for moderate-severe asthma with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-based therapy can follow two strategies: a single inhaler maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) regimen, or regular dosing with ICS/long-acting β-agonist used as maintenance therapy plus a separate short acting β-agonist reliever inhaler. It would be clinically useful to understand the potential of patient traits to influence regular dosing or MART treatment outcomes.

Objectives: A systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analysis was conducted to identify specific patient traits that may predict improved clinical outcomes with regular dosing or MART.

Childhood Maltreatment in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: Implications for Weight Loss, Depression and Eating Behavior.

We aimed to explore the relationships between childhood maltreatment and changes in weight, depressive symptoms and eating behavior post-bariatric surgery (BS). Participants ( = 111, 85% females) were evaluated pre-surgery, and at 6 months (6 M) and 12 months (12 M) post-BS. History of maltreatment was assessed at baseline (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II) and eating behavior (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire) were assessed at all time points.

Identifying priority questions regarding rapid systematic reviews' methods: protocol for an eDelphi study.

Introduction: Rapid systematic reviews (RRs) have the potential to provide timely information to decision-makers, thus directly impacting healthcare. However, consensus regarding the most efficient approaches to performing RRs and the presence of several unaddressed methodological issues pose challenges. With such a large potential research agenda for RRs, it is unclear what should be prioritised.

Methods to assess ambivalence towards food and diet: a scoping review.

Background: Ambivalence towards food and diet, which favours behavioural inertia, might be a barrier to adopting healthier eating behaviours. Measuring it can help researchers to better understand its relationship with behaviour change and design interventions aimed at resolving it. In this scoping review, we map and describe methods and tools employed in studies to assess, measure or classify the ambivalence of participants towards food- and diet-related attitude objects.

Gastrointestinal reported outcomes following one anastomosis gastric bypass based on a multicenter study.

Objectives: To describe gastrointestinal-related side-effects reported following the One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB).

Methods: A multicenter study among OAGB patients across Israel ( = 277) and Portugal ( = 111) who were recruited to the study based on time elapsed since surgery was performed. An online survey with information on demographics, anthropometrics, medical conditions, and gastrointestinal outcomes was administered in both countries simultaneously.

Clustering of Health Behaviors in Canadians: A Multiple Behavior Analysis of Data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Background: Health behaviors such as physical inactivity, unhealthy eating, smoking tobacco, and alcohol use are each leading risk factors for non-communicable chronic disease. Better understanding which behaviors tend to co-occur (i.e.

Understanding the impact of radical changes in diet and the gut microbiota on brain function and structure: rationale and design of the EMBRACE study.

Background: Bariatric surgery leads to profound changes in gut microbiota and dietary patterns, both of which may interact to impact gut-brain communication. Though cognitive function improves postsurgery, there is a large variability in outcomes. How bariatric surgery-induced modifications in the gut microbiota and dietary patterns influence the variability in cognitive function is still unclear.

Coconstruction of adjunct behavioral interventions to bariatric surgery: The INTER-Change program.

Objective: The INTER-Change program aims to use systematic frameworks to develop adjunct behavioral interventions to enhance long-term behavior change and improve outcomes in patients undergoing bariatric surgery (BS). This paper details the program strategies and how engagement of interested parties is shaping the research.

Method: The core elements of this work include: (a) A living systematic review of behavioral weight management (BWM) interventions adjunct to BS; (b) Focus groups of interested parties, including patients, healthcare professionals, and administrators, on different aspects of designing and implementing adjunct behavioral interventions; (c) A patient-generated survey to assess needs for behavioral interventions to support BWM; (d) An international eDelphi study involving interested parties to prioritize intervention components and delivery structures; and (e) An international consensus meeting to construct testing intervention protocol(s).

Nutritional and Lifestyle Behaviors Reported Following One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass Based on a Multicenter Study.

This study aimed to describe nutritional and lifestyle parameters following one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). A multicenter study among OAGB patients across Israel ( = 277) and Portugal ( = 111) was performed. Patients were approached according to the time elapsed since surgery.

Evaluation of Increasing Dairy Intake on Bone Density in Postpubertal Youth: A Randomized Controlled Trial Using Motivational Interviewing.

Background: Adequate nutrition is important for bone health, especially for bone mineral accretion.

Objectives: The primary objective tested whether increasing dairy intake using the motivational interviewing technique (MInt) improves lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) after 2 y in postpubertal adolescents with habitual dairy intake of <2 dairy servings/d.

Methods: Participants (aged 14-18.

Impact of Unmet Social Needs, Scarcity, and Future Discounting on Adherence to Treatment in Children With Asthma: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases of childhood and disproportionately affects children with lower socioeconomic status. Controller medications such as inhaled corticosteroids significantly reduce asthma exacerbations and improve symptoms. However, a large proportion of children still have poor asthma control, in part owing to suboptimal adherence.

Prevalence and Motivators of Getting a COVID-19 Booster Vaccine in Canada: Results from the iCARE Study.

Studies have shown that the protection afforded by COVID-19 vaccines against hospitalization and death decreases slowly over time due to the emergence of new variants and waning immunity. Accordingly, booster doses remain critical to minimizing the health impacts of the pandemic. This study examined the prevalence rate, sociodemographic determinants, and motivators of getting a COVID-19 booster vaccine within the Canadian population.

Exploring barriers and enablers to the delivery of Making Every Contact Count brief behavioural interventions in Ireland: A cross-sectional survey study.

Objectives: The public health impact of the Irish Making Every Contact Count (MECC) brief intervention programme is dependent on delivery by health care professionals. We aimed to identify enablers and modifiable barriers to MECC intervention delivery to optimize MECC implementation.

Design: Online cross-sectional survey design.

Evolution of depressive symptoms from before to 24 months after bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Depression after bariatric surgery can lead to suboptimal health outcomes. However, it is unclear how depressive symptoms evolve over the 24 months after surgery. We determined the extent depressive symptoms changed up to 24 months after bariatric surgery and how this was impacted by measurement tool and surgical procedure.

Long-term effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against infections, hospitalisations, and mortality in adults: findings from a rapid living systematic evidence synthesis and meta-analysis up to December, 2022.

Background: Synthesising evidence on the long-term vaccine effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines (BNT162b2 [Pfizer-BioNTech], mRNA-1273 [Moderna], ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 [AZD1222; Oxford-AstraZeneca], and Ad26.COV2.S [Janssen]) against infections, hospitalisations, and mortality is crucial to making evidence-based pandemic policy decisions.

Nutritional Interventions for Patients with Severe Obesity Seeking Bariatric Surgery.

Bariatric surgery (BS) is usually considered when other weight-loss treatments have failed, and remains an effective long-term treatment for severe obesity and its related medical complications [...

Need and Interest in Nature Prescriptions to Protect Cardiovascular and Mental Health: A Nationally-Representative Study With Insights for Future Randomised Trials.

Objective: "Nature prescriptions" are increasingly being adopted by health sectors as an adjunct to standard care to attend to health and social needs. We investigated levels of need and interest in nature prescriptions in adults with cardiovascular diseases, psychological distress and concomitants (e.g.

Addressing sex and gender to improve asthma management.

Sex (whether one is 'male' or 'female', based on biological characteristics) and gender (defined by socially constructed roles and behaviors) influence asthma diagnosis and management. For example, women generally report more severe asthma symptoms than men; men and women are exposed to different asthma-causing triggers; men tend to be more physically active than women. Furthermore, implicit, often unintended gender bias by healthcare professionals (HCPs) is widespread, and may result in delayed asthma diagnosis, which can be greater in women than men.

Five-year outcomes after surgery for class 1 obesity: a retrospective analysis of a Canadian bariatric centre's experience.

Background: There is a paucity of literature exploring the role of bariatric surgery in class 1 obesity. We evaluated the 5-year outcomes after bariatric surgery in patients with class 1 obesity, assessing weight loss, resolution/reduction of obesity-related comorbidities, morbidity and mortality.

Methods: We performed a single-centre retrospective analysis of patients who underwent bariatric surgery (laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy [LSG] or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [LRYGB)]) for class 1 obesity (body mass index [BMI] 30.

How well do covariates perform when adjusting for sampling bias in online COVID-19 research? Insights from multiverse analyses.

COVID-19 research has relied heavily on convenience-based samples, which-though often necessary-are susceptible to important sampling biases. We begin with a theoretical overview and introduction to the dynamics that underlie sampling bias. We then empirically examine sampling bias in online COVID-19 surveys and evaluate the degree to which common statistical adjustments for demographic covariates successfully attenuate such bias.

Survey of Professionals of the European Public Health Association (EUPHA) towards Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing.

Background: The increasing availability of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests (DTC-GTs) has great implications for public health (PH) and requires literate healthcare professionals to address the challenges they pose. We designed and conducted a survey to assess the state of knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of PH professionals members of the European Public Health Association (EUPHA) towards DTC-GTs.

Methods: EUPHA members were invited to participate and fill in the survey.