To use or not to use behavioural science evidence in designing health promotion interventions: Identification of targets for capacity building.

Objectives: The behavioural sciences provide useful evidence to design effective health promotion interventions, but evidence is infrequently integrated in practice. This study examined associations between theoretical domains framework (TDF) constructs and public health practitioners' use of behavioural science evidence to plan public health actions.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, a convenience sample of 160 practitioners were recruited from public health agencies across Canada.

Early Socio-Emotional Difficulty as a Childhood Barrier to the Expected Benefits of Active Play: Associated Risks for School Engagement in Adolescence.

Active play allows children to develop social and cognitive skills, which could lead to higher school engagement. Little is known about the role of child socioemotional difficulty in these associations. This study aims to examine the interaction between active play and socioemotional difficulty in childhood and their prospective association with academic engagement in adolescence.

Active Child, Accomplished Youth: Middle Childhood Active Leisure Fuels Academic Success by Emerging Adulthood.

: Physical activity is an important protective factor throughout life. However, little research has observed the associations between the practice of physical activity and academic success longitudinally, and none have done so with a pan-Canadian sample. This article aims to examine the prospective associations between active leisure in middle childhood and academic achievement in emerging adulthood, for both boys and girls, beyond several family factors.

Who gains the most quality-of-life benefits from metabolic and bariatric surgery: findings from the prospective REBORN cohort study.

Background: Prioritizing patients for metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) based on their potential postoperative benefits is essential.

Objectives: To examine changes in quality of life (QoL) during the initial postoperative year among patients with diverse eligibility statuses and determine which group experiences greater benefits.

Setting: Center intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de- Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Canada.

Show me the evidence to guide nutrition practice: Scoping review of macronutrient dietary treatments after metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Background: Clinical practice recommendations for macronutrient intake in Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (MBS) are insufficiently grounded in the research, possibly due to a paucity of research in key areas necessary to support macronutrient recommendations. An initial scoping review, prior to any systematic review, was determined to be vital.

Objectives: To identify topical areas in macronutrients and MBS with a sufficient evidence base to guide nutrition recommendations.

Relational conflicts during COVID-19: Impact of loss and reduction of employment due to prevention measures and the influence of sex and stress (in the iCARE study).

This study explored the association between pandemic-related loss/reduction of employment, sex, COVID-19-related stress and relational conflicts. A sample of 5103 Canadians from the iCARE study were recruited through an online polling firm between October 29, 2020, and March 23, 2021. Logistic regressions revealed that participants with loss/reduction of employment were 3.

Training physicians in motivational communication: An integrated knowledge transfer study protocol.

Objective: While behavior change counseling (BCC) targeting health risk behaviors has shown efficacy for improving patient health outcomes, barriers to knowledge translation have resulted in poor uptake among health care providers (HCPs). This article outlines the development of a new BCC training framework for HCPs, from inception to readiness for efficacy testing. It provides an example of integrated knowledge translation (iKT) used in alignment with the obesity-related behavioral intervention trials model.

Comparison of parent-reported motivators of non-vaccination for children 5-11 years old in Australia and Canada: Results of the iCARE study.

Background: Despite COVID-19 infection being less severe in children compared to adults, vaccination for children from the age of 6 months onwards is recommended in many countries to reduce symptom severity and prevent severe disease. However, vaccination against COVID-19 for children remains controversial and uptake has been low.

Aims: To assess and compare the rate of change of parent-reported COVID-19 vaccine uptake in children aged 5 to 11 years and motivators of vaccine acceptance and non-vaccination among parents/guardians in Canada and Australia.

Preliminary Effects of a Structured Educational Program in Cardiac Patients at Different Stages of Enrollment in Cardiovascular Rehabilitation.

This quasi-experimental study investigated the preliminary effects of a structured education intervention in a pooled sample of cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) patients in Brazil. Recently enrolled (RE) and long-term enrolled (LTE) patients attended 12 weekly education sessions in addition to three weekly exercise sessions. Patients completed surveys assessing disease-related knowledge, physical activity, food intake, self-efficacy, and health literacy.

Asthma patients' and physicians' perspectives on the burden and management of asthma: Post-hoc analysis of APPaRENT 1 and 2 to assess predictors of treatment adherence.

Introduction: Patient adherence to maintenance medication is critical for improving clinical outcomes in asthma and is a recommended guiding factor for treatment strategy. Previously, the APPaRENT studies assessed patient and physician perspectives on asthma care; here, a post-hoc analysis aimed to identify patient factors associated with good adherence and treatment prescription patterns.

Methods: APPaRENT 1 and 2 were cross-sectional online surveys of 2866 adults with asthma and 1883 physicians across Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Italy, Mexico, and the Philippines in 2020-2021.

A network meta-analysis of the association between patient traits and response to regular dosing with ICS plus short-acting β-agonist reliever or ICS/formoterol reliever only in mild asthma.

Introduction/background: Mild asthma treatment recommendations include intermittent inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/formoterol dosing or regular ICS dosing with short-acting β-agonist reliever. Due to the heterogeneity of asthma, identification of traits associated with improved outcomes to specific treatments would be clinically beneficial.

Aims/objectives: To assess the impact of patient traits on treatment outcomes of regular ICS dosing compared with intermittent ICS/formoterol dosing, a systematic literature review (SLR) and network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted.

Completeness of intervention reporting of nutrition-focused weight management interventions adjunct to metabolic and bariatric surgery: effect of the TIDieR checklist.

Nutrition-focused interventions are essential to optimize the bariatric care process and improve health and weight outcomes over time. Clear and detailed reporting of these interventions in research reports is crucial for understanding and applying the findings effectively in clinical practice and research replication. Given the importance of reporting transparency in research, this study aimed to use the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist to evaluate the completeness of intervention reporting in nutritional weight management interventions adjunct to metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS).

Psychosocial impacts, preventive behaviours, and concerns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic for pregnant and non-pregnant women: A matched analysis from the International iCARE Study.

Background:  The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected physical and psychological health worldwide. Pregnant women were likely more vulnerable to mental health difficulties due to the significant social, psychological, and hormonal changes they experience. During the pandemic, higher rates of antenatal depression and anxiety were observed compared to pre-pandemic rates.

Systematic literature review of traits and outcomes reported in randomised controlled trials of asthma with regular dosing of inhaled corticosteroids with short-acting β-agonist reliever, as-needed ICS/formoterol, or ICS/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy.

Introduction: Asthma treatments based solely on diagnostic label do not benefit patients equally. To identify patient traits that may be associated with improved treatment response to regular inhaled corticosteroid (ICSs) dosing with short-acting β-agonist reliever or ICS/formoterol-containing therapy, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted.

Methods: Searches of databases including MEDLINE and Embase identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with asthma, aged ≥12 years, published 1998-2022, containing ≥1 regular ICS dosing or ICS/formoterol-containing treatment arm, and reporting patient traits and outcomes of interest.

The impact of COVID-19 on the lives of Canadians with and without non-communicable chronic diseases: results from the iCARE Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and its prevention policies have taken a toll on Canadians, and certain subgroups may have been disproportionately affected, including those with non-communicable diseases (NCDs; e.g., heart and lung disease) due to their risk of COVID-19 complications and women due to excess domestic workload associated with traditional caregiver roles during the pandemic.

Asthma and Rhinitis Through the Lifespan of Nonpregnant Women.

Increasingly, clinical practice guidelines advocate a precision medicine-based approach to care for asthma. This focus requires knowledge of not only different asthma phenotypes and their associated biomarkers but also sex and gender differences through the lifespan. Evidence continues to build in favor of different lifetime prevalence, clinical presentations, responses to management, and long-term prognosis of asthma.

The nature of expectations of bariatric surgery in patients during the pre- and post-operative period: A unicentric, qualitative study of patient perspectives.

Many patients (20%-30%) experience suboptimal weight loss (WL) after bariatric surgery (BS), and unrealistic preoperative WL expectations may be a contributing factor. This study aimed to describe the nature of patients' general expectations of BS during the pre-surgical period, and how patients determined whether their expectations and WL goals (WLGs) were realistic. The extent to which patients' expectations and WLGs were met and/or changed during the post-surgical period was also assessed.

Canadian healthcare workers' mental health and health behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from nine representative samples between April 2020 and February 2022.

Objective: In the context of COVID-19, Canadian healthcare workers (HCWs) worked long hours, both to respond to the pandemic and to compensate for colleagues who were not able to work due to infection and burnout. This may have had detrimental effects on HCWs' mental health, as well as engagement in health-promoting behaviours. This study aimed to identify changes in mental health outcomes and health behaviours experienced by Canadian HCWs throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.

A network meta-analysis of the association between patient traits and response to regular dosing with ICS/long-acting β-agonist plus short-acting β agonist reliever or maintenance and reliever therapy for asthma.

Introduction: Current treatment for moderate-severe asthma with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-based therapy can follow two strategies: a single inhaler maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) regimen, or regular dosing with ICS/long-acting β-agonist used as maintenance therapy plus a separate short acting β-agonist reliever inhaler. It would be clinically useful to understand the potential of patient traits to influence regular dosing or MART treatment outcomes.

Objectives: A systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analysis was conducted to identify specific patient traits that may predict improved clinical outcomes with regular dosing or MART.