Implementation of patient dosimetry in the clinical practice after targeted radiotherapy using [Lu-[DOTA0, Tyr3]-octreotate.

Background: This study's aim was to develop our dosimetric methodology using a commercial workstation for the routine evaluation of the organs at risk during peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with Lu.

Methods: First, planar and SPECT sensitivity factors were determined on phantoms. The reconstruction parameters were optimized by SPECT/CT image acquisition using a NEMA IEC phantom containing a 500 ml bottle of Lu, to simulate a kidney.

Colorectal Cancer in People with Intellectual Disabilities.

People with intellectual disabilities (PWIDs) are now living longer; thus, the incidence of cancer within this population is increasing. Available data indicate an excess of digestive tract cancers in PWIDs, but colorectal cancer has rarely been specifically studied and has not been extensively reviewed. This is despite risk factors such as being overweight, obesity, and lack of exercise being more frequent in PWIDs.

Reproductive factors and molecular subtypes of breast cancer among premenopausal women in Latin America: the PRECAMA study.

Etiological differences among breast cancer (BC) subtypes have not been clearly established, especially among young women in Latin America. This study examined the relationship between reproductive factors and BC subtypes among 288 BC cases (20-45 years) and population-based matched controls in four Latin American countries. Immunohistochemistry was determined centrally.

Guidelines for reporting secondary findings of genome sequencing in cancer genes: the SFMPP recommendations.

In oncology, the expanding use of multi-gene panels to explore familial cancer predisposition and tumor genome analysis has led to increased secondary findings discoveries (SFs) and has given rise to important medical, ethical, and legal issues. The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics published a policy statement for managing SFs for a list of genes, including 25 cancer-related genes. Currently, there are few recommendations in Europe.

Data-Based Radiation Oncology: Design of Clinical Trials in the Toxicity Biomarkers Era.

The ability to stratify patients using a set of biomarkers, which predict that toxicity risk would allow for radiotherapy (RT) modulation and serve as a valuable tool for precision medicine and personalized RT. For patients presenting with tumors with a low risk of recurrence, modifying RT schedules to avoid toxicity would be clinically advantageous. Indeed, for the patient at low risk of developing radiation-associated toxicity, use of a hypofractionated protocol could be proposed leading to treatment time reduction and a cost-utility advantage.

Imaged-guided liver stereotactic body radiotherapy using VMAT and real-time adaptive tumor gating. Concerns about technique and preliminary clinical results.

Background: Motion management is a major challenge in abdominal SBRT. We present our study of SBRT for liver tumors using intrafraction motion review (IMR) allowing simultaneous KV information and MV delivery to synchronize the beam during gated RapidArc treatment.

Materials And Methods: Between May 2012 and March 2015, 41 patients were treated by liver SBRT using gated RapidArc technique in a Varian Novalis Truebeam STx linear accelerator.

Multi-scale structural community organisation of the human genome.

Background: Structural interaction frequency matrices between all genome loci are now experimentally achievable thanks to high-throughput chromosome conformation capture technologies. This ensues a new methodological challenge for computational biology which consists in objectively extracting from these data the structural motifs characteristic of genome organisation.

Results: We deployed the fast multi-scale community mining algorithm based on spectral graph wavelets to characterise the networks of intra-chromosomal interactions in human cell lines.

Prevalence and characteristics of intravertebral enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT scans in cancer patients.

Study Design: This was a single center, retrospective observational study.

Objective: to investigate-in a cancer population-the prevalence and hallmarks of intravertebral enhancement (IVE) detected on contrast-enhanced CT.

Summary Of Background Data: Intravertebral enhancements secondary to iodinated contrast stagnation have been described.

To Drain or Not to Drain Infraperitoneal Anastomosis After Rectal Excision for Cancer: The GRECCAR 5 Randomized Trial.

Objective: To assess the effect of pelvic drainage after rectal surgery for cancer.

Background: Pelvic sepsis is one of the major complications after rectal excision for rectal cancer. Although many studies have confirmed infectiveness of drainage after colectomy, there is still a controversy after rectal surgery.

Radiation-induced CD8 T-lymphocyte Apoptosis as a Predictor of Breast Fibrosis After Radiotherapy: Results of the Prospective Multicenter French Trial.

Background: Monocentric cohorts suggested that radiation-induced CD8 T-lymphocyte apoptosis (RILA) can predict late toxicity after curative intent radiotherapy (RT). We assessed the role of RILA as a predictor of breast fibrosis (bf +) after adjuvant breast RT in a prospective multicenter trial.

Methods: A total of 502 breast-cancer patients (pts) treated by conservative surgery and adjuvant RT were recruited at ten centers.

Concurrent or sequential letrozole with adjuvant breast radiotherapy: final results of the CO-HO-RT phase II randomized trial.

Background: We present here final clinical results of the COHORT trial and both translational sub-studies aiming at identifying patients at risk of radiation-induced subcutaneous fibrosis (RISF): (i) radiation-induced lymphocyte apoptosis (RILA) and (ii) candidates of certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Patients And Methods: Post-menopausal patients with stage I-II breast cancer (n = 150) were enrolled and assigned to either concurrent (arm A) or sequential radiotherapy (RT)-letrozole (arm B). Among them, 121 were eligible for RILA and SNP assays.

Oncoplastic Resection of Breast Cancers Located in the Lower-Inner or Lower-Outer Quadrant with the Modified McKissock Mammaplasty Technique.

Background: Oncoplastic surgery for breast cancer (BC) may result in postoperative morbidity that can delay adjuvant treatment(s). The McKissock procedure is a reliable mammaplasty technique used in plastic surgery. The authors present their experiences in using a derived technique for the oncoplastic resection of extended malignancies located in the lower-inner (LIQ) or lower-outer (LOQ) breast quadrants.

Frequent expression of PD-L1 on circulating breast cancer cells.

Immune checkpoint regulators such as PD-L1 have become exciting new therapeutic targets leading to long lasting remissions in patients with advanced malignancies. However, in view of the remarkable costs and the toxicity profiles of these therapies, predictive biomarkers able to discriminate responders from non-responders are urgently needed. In the present paper, we provide evidence that PD-L1 is frequently expressed on metastatic cells circulating in the blood of hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer patients.

Resolving quandaries: basaloid adenoid cystic carcinoma or breast cylindroma? The role of massively parallel sequencing.

Aims: The aims of this study were to perform a whole-exome sequencing analysis of a breast cylindroma and to investigate the role of molecular analyses in the differentiation between breast cylindroma, a benign tumour that displays MYB expression, and CYLD gene mutations, and its main differential diagnosis, the breast solid-basaloid adenoid cystic carcinoma, a malignant tumour that is characterized by the presence of the MYB-NFIB fusion gene and MYB overexpression.

Methods And Results: A 66-year-old female underwent quadrantectomy after an irregular dense shadow was discovered in the right breast at the screening mammogram. Histologically, the tumour displayed features suggestive of a solid-basaloid variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma with a differential diagnosis of cylindroma.

Cutaneous epithelial tumors induced by vemurafenib involve the MAPK and Pi3KCA pathways but not HPV nor HPyV viral infection.

The inhibitors of mutant BRAF that are used to treat metastatic melanoma induce squamoproliferative lesions. We conducted a prospective histopathological and molecular study on 27 skin lesions from 12 patients treated with vemurafenib. Mutation hot spots in HRAS, NRAS, KRAS, BRAF, and Pi3KCA were screened.

Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy cycles prior to interval surgery in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

Objectives: Complete surgery with no macroscopic residual disease (RD) at primary (PDS) or interval debulking surgery (IDS) is the main objective of surgery in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact on survival of the number of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) cycles before IDS in EOC patients.

Methods: Data from EOC patients (stages IIIC-IV), operated on between 1995 and 2010 were consecutively recorded.

Use of autoantibodies to detect the onset of breast cancer.

The widespread use of screening mammography has resulted in increased detection of early-stage breast disease, particularly for in situ carcinoma and early-stage breast cancer. However, the majority of women with abnormalities noted on screening mammograms are not diagnosed with cancer because of several factors, including radiologist assessment, patient age, breast density, malpractice concerns, and quality control procedures. Although magnetic resonance imaging is a highly sensitive detection tool that has become standard for women at very high risk of developing breast cancer, it lacks sufficient specificity and costeffectiveness for use as a general screening tool.

Combined chemoradiation therapy with twice-weekly gemcitabine and cisplatin for organ preservation in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: long-term results of a phase 1 trial.

Purpose: Concomitant treatment with radiation therapy and cisplatin (CDDP) remains the gold standard for bladder preservation in the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). We present the long-term results of a phase 1 clinical trial to assess the association of twice-weekly gemcitabine with CDDP and radiation therapy in this setting.

Methods And Materials: Patients with pT2-pT4N0M0 MIBC without hydronephrosis or diffuse carcinoma in situ were enrolled in this study.

Tandem myeloablative 131I-rituximab radioimmunotherapy and high-dose chemotherapy in refractory/relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients.

This Phase I/II study investigated myeloablative (131)I-rituximab radioimmunotherapy (RIT) and high-dose chemotherapy supported by one or two autologous stem cell transplantations in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Myeloablative RIT was safe and feasible when followed by autologous stem cell transplantation with low incidence of secondary late effects and could be a reasonable alternative regimen especially in elderly patients and in patients who have concerns about high-dose chemotherapy. Tandem myeloablative (131)I-rituximab RIT and high-dose chemotherapy supported by two autologous stem cell transplantations was also feasible.

Sensitivity and resistance to treatment in the primary management of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynaecologic malignancy. Despite wide initial sensibility to chemotherapy especially to platinum-based regimens, the vast majority of patients with advanced stages of the disease develop recurrences and subsequent resistance to treatments. Ovarian cancer is actually considered as a heterogeneous disease at the clinical, histological and molecular level.