Inpatient total thyroidectomy costs and outcomes vary regionally: A nationwide study.

Objectives: While it is known that surgical costs continue to rise in the United States, there is little information about the specific underlying factors for this variation in many common procedures. This study investigates the influence of geographic location and hospital demographics on hospital cost and postoperative outcomes in adult patients undergoing total thyroidectomy (TT).

Methods: The National Inpatient Sample was queried for patients who underwent primary TT between 2016 and 2017.

Survival Differences in Asian and Hispanic Patients With In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Background: Although they are fast-growing populations in the United States, little is known about survival outcomes of Hispanic and Asian patients after in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods And Results: In Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation, we identified Asian, Hispanic, and White adults with in-hospital cardiac arrest during 2005 to 2023. Using multivariable models, we compared rates of survival to discharge separately for Asian and Hispanic patients versus White patients, as well as rates of sustained return of spontaneous circulation for ≥20 minutes and favorable neurologic survival as secondary outcomes.

Association between beta-blocker atenolol use and prostate cancer upgrading in active surveillance.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the association between the use of beta-adrenergic antagonist atenolol and risk of pathologic upgrade in patients on active surveillance, considering growing literature implicating adrenergic innervation with disease progression mediated through beta-adrenergic signalling.

Patients And Methods: Men with low-risk or favourable intermediate-risk prostate cancer who were placed on an active surveillance protocol between 2006 and 2020 across three diverse urban hospitals were included. Exposure was duration of atenolol use, and outcome was pathologic grade group upgrading (to GG ≥ 3) on final prostate biopsy.

Validation of a Novel Mobile Application for Assessing Pediatric Tracheostomy Emergency Simulations.

Objective: Pediatric tracheostomy is associated with high morbidity and mortality, yet clinician knowledge and quality of tracheostomy care may vary widely. In situ simulation is effective at detecting and mitigating related latent safety threats, but evaluation via retrospective video review has disadvantages (eg, delayed analysis, and potential data loss). We evaluated whether a novel mobile application is accurate and reliable for assessment of in situ tracheostomy emergency simulations.

Retracted Publications in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery: What Mistakes Are Being Made?

Objectives: Retraction of publications is critical to maintaining scientific integrity, yet there is a lack of research on its occurrence in Otolaryngology. This study investigates characteristics, trends, and reasons for retraction of publications in otolaryngology journals.

Study Design: Bibliometric analysis.

Applying simulation learning theory to identify instructional strategies for Generation Z emergency medicine residency education.

Introduction: Generation Z learners are entering emergency medicine (EM) residency training, bringing unique learning preferences that influence their engagement with residency education. To optimally teach and motivate this incoming generation of learners, EM educators must understand and adapt to the changing instructional landscape.

Methodology: The Simulation Leaders Advancing the Next Generation in Emergency Medicine (SLANG-EM) Workgroup was created to identify effective educational strategies for Generation Z learners entering EM.

Simultaneous oscillatory encoding of "hot" and "cold" information during social interactions in the monkey medial prefrontal cortex.

Social interactions in primates require social cognition abilities such as anticipating the partner's future choices as well as pure cognitive skills involving processing task-relevant information. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in these cognitive processes. Here, we investigated the neural oscillations underlying the complex social behaviors involving the interplay of social roles (Actor vs.

Probing a neural unreliability account of auditory sensory processing atypicalities in Rett Syndrome.

Background: In the search for objective tools to quantify neural function in Rett Syndrome (RTT), which are crucial in the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials, recordings of sensory-perceptual functioning using event-related potential (ERP) approaches have emerged as potentially powerful tools. Considerable work points to highly anomalous auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in RTT. However, an assumption of the typical signal-averaging method used to derive these measures is "stationarity" of the underlying responses - i.

The Latest in Resuscitation Research: Highlights From the 2022 American Heart Association's Resuscitation Science Symposium.

Background: Every year the American Heart Association's Resuscitation Science Symposium (ReSS) brings together a community of international resuscitation science researchers focused on advancing cardiac arrest care.

Methods And Results: The American Heart Association's ReSS was held in Chicago, Illinois from November 4th to 6th, 2022. This annual narrative review summarizes ReSS programming, including awards, special sessions and scientific content organized by theme and plenary session.

Techniques for navigating postsurgical adhesions: Insights into mechanisms and future directions.

Postsurgical adhesions are a common complication of surgical procedures that can lead to postoperative pain, bowel obstruction, infertility, as well as complications with future procedures. Several agents have been developed to prevent adhesion formation, such as barriers, anti-inflammatory and fibrinolytic agents. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of physical barrier agents, but they have been associated with conflicting clinical studies and controversy in the clinical utilization of anti-adhesion barriers.

Consensus goals and standards for specialist cough clinics: the NEUROCOUGH international Delphi study.

Background: Current guidelines on the management of chronic cough do not provide recommendations for the operation of specialist cough clinics. The objective of the present study was to develop expert consensus on goals and standard procedures for specialist cough clinics.

Methods: We undertook a modified Delphi process, whereby initial statements proposed by experts were categorised and presented back to panellists over two ranking rounds using an 11-point Likert scale to identify consensus.

Options for treatment of a small glottic gap.

Background: Glottic insufficiency, or glottic gap as it is commonly called, is a common cause of dysphonia, producing symptoms of soft voice, decreased projection, and vocal fatigue. The etiology of glottic gap can occur from issues related to muscle atrophy, neurologic impairment, structural abnormalities, and trauma related causes. Treatment of glottic gap can include surgical and behavioral therapies or a combination of the two.

Protocol and statistical analysis plan for the PREOXI trial of preoxygenation with noninvasive ventilation vs oxygen mask.

Background: Hypoxemia is a common and life-threatening complication during emergency tracheal intubation of critically ill adults. The administration of supplemental oxygen prior to the procedure ("preoxygenation") decreases the risk of hypoxemia during intubation.

Research Question: Whether preoxygenation with noninvasive ventilation prevents hypoxemia during tracheal intubation of critically ill adults, compared to preoxygenation with oxygen mask, remains uncertain.

A Non-Resolving "Hematoma" Diagnosed as an Arteriovenous Malformation by POCUS.

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a useful tool for the evaluation of soft tissue masses. We present the case of a patient with a mass on his forehead initially thought to be a slowly resolving hematoma. POCUS examination of the mass revealed a vascular structure more consistent with a post-traumatic arteriovenous malformation (AVM).

Application of predictive models in boosting power of Alzheimer's disease clinical trials: A post hoc analysis of phase 3 solanezumab trials.

Background: The ideal participants for Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials would show cognitive decline in the absence of treatment (i.e., placebo arm) and would also respond to the therapeutic intervention.

Neuroimaging correlates of Stages of Objective Memory Impairment (SOMI) system.

Introduction: To assess the relationship between memory performance defined by the Stages of Objective Memory Impairment (SOMI) system and the Alzheimer's disease (AD) ATN (amyloid beta [A], pathologic tau [T], and neurodegeneration [N]) biomarker system.

Methods: We used data from the Harvard Aging Brain Study cohort to estimate the level of ATN biomarkers: amyloid beta (C-Pittsburgh compound B-positron emission tomography [PET]), tau (F-18-flortaucipir [FTP] PET), and neurodegeneration (magnetic resonance imaging volumetrics). We assessed the cross-sectional relationship of SOMI classification with global amyloid levels, entorhinal and inferior temporal tau deposition, and hippocampal atrophy.