Age-Adjusted Normative Values for Hip Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are essential clinical instruments used for assessing patient function, assisting in clinical decision making, and quantifying outcomes of surgical and nonsurgical management. However, PROMs are often designed using patients with preexisting pathology and typically assume that a patient without the pathology would have a perfect or near perfect score. This may result in unrealistic expectations or falsely underestimate how well a patient is doing after treatment.

Early Medical Complications and Delayed Discharge after Spinopelvic Fusion: A Comparative Analysis of 887 NSQIP Cases from 2006 to 2016.

Introduction: The effect of pelvic fixation on postoperative medical complications, blood transfusion, length of hospital stay, and discharge disposition is poorly understood. Determining factors that predispose patients to increased complications after spinopelvic fusion will help surgeons to plan these complex procedures and optimize patients preoperatively.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the ACS-NSQIP database between 2006 and 2016 of patients who underwent lumbar fusion with and without spinopelvic fixation.

Failure to extubate and delayed reintubation in elective lumbar fusion: An analysis of 57,677 cases.

Objectives: There is a scarcity of literature exploring the consequences of Failure To Extubate (FTE) and Delayed Reintubation (DRI) in spine surgery. While it is reasonable to believe that patients who FTE or undergo DRI after Posterior Lumbar Fusion (PLF) and Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) are at risk for graver outcomes, there is minimal data to explicitly support that. The goal of this study was to investigate the morbidity and mortality associated with FTE and DRI after lumbar spine surgery in a large pool of patients.

Idiopathic T cell lymphopenia identified in New York State Newborn Screening.

Quantification of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) for newborn screening for SCID has advanced the diagnosis of severe combined immune deficiency (SCID). However, it has led to the identification of infants with T cell lymphopenia without known cause. The clinical characteristics, appropriate laboratory monitoring, and outcomes of patients remain unclear.

Intravenous gammaglobulin treatment in HIV-1 infection.

The two main indications for the use of intravenous gammaglobulin--antibody replacement therapy and immunomodulation--are pertinent only for a few scenarios in HIV-1 infection. The role of gammaglobulin in the treatment of HIV-1 infection has changed significantly with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Antiretroviral drugs have not only controlled the progression of disease but also had far-reaching effects on HIV-1-induced immunologic aberrations.

Preclinical studies of alkylureas as anti-HIV-1 contraceptive.

The HIV-1 epidemic continues to spread at a rate of over 15, 000 new cases daily. HIV-1 transmission through heterosexual contact became the dominant risk for women globally. About half of the over 40 million HIV-1 infected individuals worldwide are now women.

Trypanosoma cruzi infection induced changes in the innervation, structure and function of the murine bladder.

Purpose: The involvement of the lower urinary tract in chronic Chagas' disease has received little attention. Therefore, we investigated pathology and functional alterations in the bladder of Trypanosoma cruzi infected mice.

Materials And Methods: CD1 mice were infected with 5 x 10 T.

Neuropsychological prediction of dementia and the absence of dementia in healthy elderly persons.

Identification of elderly individuals with low and high risk for future dementia has emerged as an important clinical and public health issue. To address this issue, we assessed neuropsychological performance in 317 initially nondemented elderly persons between 75 and 85 years of age and followed them for at least 4 years as part of the Bronx Aging Study. Four measures of cognitive function from the baseline assessment (delayed recall from the Buschke Selective Reminding Test, recall from the Fuld Object Memory Evaluation, the Digit Symbol subtest from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and a verbal fluency score) can identify one subgroup with an 85% probability of developing dementia over 4 years and another with a 95% probability of remaining free of dementia.

Verbal recall and recognition abilities in patients with Wilson's disease.

Tests of memory and verbal fluency were administered to 19 neurologically impaired Wilson's patients, 12 non-neurologically impaired Wilson's patients and 15 normal control subjects. Wilson's patients with neurologic disease recalled significantly fewer words on the delayed recall version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test than control subjects (p less than .05) but they showed no impairment on the recognition version of this test.

Neuropsychological deficits in choreoacanthocytosis.

Little is known about the cognitive deficits associated with choreoacanthocytosis. This case report focuses on the neuropsychological deficits of a woman diagnosed with choreoacanthocytosis. The similarity between her cognitive deficits and those of patients with Huntington's disease is consistent with the neuropathology of the two disorders.

Endometrial polyps in postmenopausal patients receiving tamoxifen.

The histologic features of an endometrial polyp include irregular, often dilated glands, thick-walled blood vessels, and a fibrotic stroma. Such polyps may be responsive to some chemotherapeutic drugs that can exert hormonal effects. We report on endometrial polyps detected in three postmenopausal patients who were receiving tamoxifen for treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma.

Neuropsychological sequelae of partial complex status epilepticus.

Relatively little is known about the risk of residual neurological deficit following partial complex status epilepticus (PCSE). To address this issue, we administered serial neuropsychological assessments and EEGs to a young cocaine abuser following the resolution of an extended episode of PCSE. Results suggest that PCSE may be associated with prolonged but reversible generalized neuropsychological and EEG abnormalities, as well as persistent focal deficits.

The effects of neuroleptics on neuropsychological test results of schizophrenics.

This paper reviews the literature investigating antipsychotic medication effects on the neuropsychological test results of schizophrenics. A synthesis of findings suggests that specific cognitive functions are differentially affected. The toxic effects of dopamine and muscarinic blockade adversely affect find motor coordination and memory respectively.