An Overview of Monkeypox Virus Detection in Different Clinical Samples and Analysis of Temporal Viral Load Dynamics.

Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the Monkeypox virus (MPXV), and since May 2022, tens of thousands of cases have been reported in non-endemic countries. We aimed to evaluate the suitability of different sample types for mpox diagnostic and assess the temporal dynamics of viral load. We evaluated 1914 samples from 953 laboratory-confirmed cases.

Identification of core therapeutic targets for Monkeypox virus and repurposing potential of drugs: A WEB prediction approach.

A new round of monkeypox virus has emerged in the United Kingdom since July 2022 and rapidly swept the world. Currently, despite numerous research groups are studying this virus and seeking effective treatments, the information on the open reading frame, inhibitors, and potential targets of monkeypox has not been updated in time, and the comprehension of monkeypox target ligand interactions remains a key challenge. Here, we first summarized and improved the open reading frame information of monkeypox, constructed the monkeypox inhibitor library and potential targets library by database research as well as literature search, combined with advanced protein modeling technologies (Sequence-based and AI algorithms-based homology modeling).

Case Reports of Human Monkeypox Virus Infections, Uganda, 2024.

Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus. We report on human mpox cases in Uganda identified by PCR and confirmed by deep sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering with other clade Ib sequences associated with recent outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of the Pakistani Population Toward the Monkeypox Pandemic and the Associated Factors.

Background Monkeypox (Mpox) is a virulent disease caused by orthopoxvirus. Mpox is emerging as a major global health threat. Currently, more than 100 countries are facing outbreaks.

Clinical presentation and molecular diagnosis of a possible Mpox virus and Varicella zoster virus co-infection in an adult immunocompetent Filipino: a case report.

We report the first travel-related case of a possible Mpox-Varicella zoster virus (VZV) co-infection in the Philippines, a country that is endemic for Varicella but non-endemic for Mpox. A 29-year-old Filipino, female, with a travel history to Switzerland and with no prior history of VZV infection sought consultation due to rashes. She presented with multiple papular, pustular, and vesicular skin lesions, some with umbilication and with irregular borders, on the face, neck, trunk, inguinal area, upper extremities, and right leg.

A penta-component mpox mRNA vaccine induces protective immunity in nonhuman primates.

The recent worldwide outbreaks of mpox prioritize the development of a safe and effective mRNA vaccine. The contemporary mpox virus (MPXV) exhibits changing virological and epidemiological features, notably affecting populations already vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Herein, we profile the immunogenicity of AR-MPXV5, a penta-component mRNA vaccine targeting five specific proteins (M1R, E8L, A29L, A35R, and B6R) from the representative contemporary MPXV clade II strain, in both naive and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected nonhuman primates.

Mpox in the news: social representations, identity, stigma and coping.

In May 2022, when the COVID-19 pandemic began to recede from public view, another infectious disease surprised the world-mpox (formerly monkeypox). It appeared to disproportionately affect gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Using qualitative thematic analysis and social representations theory, we analysed a corpus of 91 items from a variety of news outlets that included GBMSM community members' personal accounts of living through an mpox outbreak.

Automatic and integrated detection of nucleic acid by using a dual-mode thermal controlled digital microfluidic chip.

The detection of nucleic acids, which typically consists of nucleic acid extraction, reverse transcription and amplification, is a crucial component of molecular diagnostics. However, traditional methods have several limitations, including high reliance on skilled personnel, low degree of automation and lengthy assay times. Additionally, these methods also require separate areas for the different steps to avoid contamination.

An Epidemiological and Clinical Study of Monkeypox in Changsha, China: A Retrospective Analysis of HIV-Infected and Non-HIV-Infected Patients from June to December 2023.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) declared Human Monkeypox (mpox) as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) in July 2022. Due to border quarantine and isolation measures implemented from January 2020 to December 2022, Beijing did not report its first locally transmitted case of mpox until May 31, 2023, which represented a delayed occurrence compared to other countries. The aim of this observational analysis is to describe demographical data, symptoms presentation and clinical course till outcome of patients diagnosed with monkeypox (mpox) from June to December 2023 at a tertiary level hospital in Changsha, china.

The Rise of Mpox in a Post-Smallpox World.

Reports of mpox are rising in Africa where the disease is endemic and in new countries where the disease has not been previously seen. The 2022 global outbreak of clade II mpox and an ongoing outbreak of the more lethal clade I mpox highlight the pandemic potential for monkeypox virus. Waning population immunity after the cessation of routine immunization for smallpox plays a key role in the changing epidemiologic patterns of mpox.

2024 Mpox outbreak: A rapidly evolving public health emergency of international concern: Introduction of an Updated Mpox Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool.

The declaration of a second Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) for mpox in August 2024 underscores the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of the evolving epidemiology [1] clinical manifestations, and zoonotic potential of this emerging threat [2]. This work delves into the intricate interplay between human and animal mpox infections, with a specific focus on the unique characteristics of various viral clades and their implications for individual and public health. There is a critical need to elucidate the factors driving multiple spillover events and the subsequent emergence of new clades better adapted to human-to-human transmission.

A Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay for Measuring Poxvirus Replication and Cell Binding.

Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a fast and reliable method to quantify viral genomes as a surrogate to titering on monolayers of cells for measuring virus replication. Whether it be for determining the number of virions released, the total number of genomes produced during infection, or the number of virions bound to a cell, qPCR assays can be adapted to quickly enumerate total viral genomes in a broad range of experiments comparing virus replication under different conditions. In addition, qPCR offers several advantages compared to plaque assays including time, linearity over 9 logs, and scalability from tens-to-hundreds of samples, depending on the qPCR machine.

Mpox Specimen Collection, Storage, Preparation, and Laboratory Diagnostics by PCR.

During the 2022 and ongoing mpox outbreak, PCR diagnostics were already within the Laboratory Response Network (LRN) laboratories and additionally rapidly deployed to detect monkeypox (mpox) virus in patients and aid in accurate diagnosis. This accuracy is dependent on proper collection, shipment, and adherence to PCR procedure. This book chapter discusses effective collection, storage, and transportation for a real-time PCR to detect monkeypox virus nucleic acid.

Mpox and stigma.

How do you effectively formulate and target explicit information about mpox exposure risk without driving stigmatization? Gary Humphreys reports.

Screening great ape museum specimens for DNA viruses.

Natural history museum collections harbour a record of wild species from the past centuries, providing a unique opportunity to study animals as well as their infectious agents. Thousands of great ape specimens are kept in these collections, and could become an important resource for studying the evolution of DNA viruses. Their genetic material is likely to be preserved in dry museum specimens, as reported previously for monkeypox virus genomes from historical orangutan specimens.

A retrospective genomic characterisation of the 2022 mpox outbreak in Belgium, and in vitro assessment of three antiviral compounds.

Background: Since the beginning of May 2022, cases of mpox have been reported in several European and American countries where the disease is nonendemic. We performed a retrospective genomic characterisation of the 2022 mpox outbreak in Belgium, and assessed the in vitro sensitivity of three antiviral compounds to a monkeypox virus (MPXV) strain from the 2022 outbreak.

Methods: We sequenced the complete genomes of MPXV isolated from skin-, throat-, anorectal- and genital swab samples using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) GridION.