COVID-19-Related Death in Patients with Alcohol or Substance Use Disorders.

Background: People with substance or alcohol use disorders (SUDs/AUDs) are likely to be more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection than the general population, but the evidence of COVID-19-related mortality in these patients is unclear.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to verify whether patients with AUD and SUD have a higher mortality rate for COVID-19-related mortality compared to the general population.

Method: We performed a follow-up study to assess mortality in 2020 in a cohort of patients diagnosed for the first time with AUDs or SUDs at the Public Health Services in the metropolitan area of Bologna (Northern Italy) from 2009 to 2019.

Mortality risk for individuals with cannabis use disorders in relation to alcohol use disorders: Results of a follow-up study.

Background: There are few studies on mortality on individuals entering treatment for cannabis use disorders.

Objectives: To estimate mortality risk for individuals treated for cannabis use disorders comparing patients with concomitant alcohol use disorders to those with only cannabis use disorders.

Methods: Follow-up study on 1136 residents in Northern Italy who turned to health services following problems caused by cannabis use disorders between 2009 and 2019.

COVID-19 hospitalization rates in individuals with substance or alcohol use disorders.

People with Substance or Alcohol Use Disorders (SUDs/AUDs) are likely to be more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection than the general population. We performed a cross-sectional study to compare the hospitalization rate (CHR) for COVID-19 in 2020 in patients diagnosed with SUDs or AUDs in the previous 10 years vs the population without these disorders (NAS). We included individuals who were resident in the Metropolitan Area of Bologna (Northern Italy).

Association of Opioid Agonist Treatment With All-Cause Mortality and Specific Causes of Death Among People With Opioid Dependence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Mortality among people with opioid dependence is higher than that of the general population. Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is an effective treatment for opioid dependence; however, there has not yet been a systematic review on the relationship between OAT and specific causes of mortality.

Objective: To estimate the association of time receiving OAT with mortality.

Prognostic Role of Bacterial and Fungal Infections in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis With and Without Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: A Prospective 2-Center Study.

Background: Bacterial and fungal infections (BFIs) are frequent in patients with cirrhosis and often trigger acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). This prospective observational study aims to describe the interactions between BFI and ACLF in terms of mortality and related risk factors.

Methods: We performed a 2-center prospective observational study enrolling hospitalized patients with cirrhosis admitted for acute decompensation.

Mortality risk among individuals treated for alcohol use disorders: results of a longitudinal study from 1978 to 2016 in Northern Italy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the mortality trends and causes of death in Northern Italy in a cohort of a population of individuals treated for alcohol use disorder (AUD) over a 38-year follow-up period (1978-2016).

Materials And Methods: 6,198 patients attending eighteen centres for addiction treatment (CATs) for AUD were recruited.

Results: During the follow-up period, 19.

Mortality Risk among Heroin Users Accessing Treatment: Natives and Non-Natives Patients Results of a Longitudinal Study.

The aim of this study was to examine mortality risk and causes of death for natives and non-natives in a cohort of heroin population of treated in Northern Italy. Crude Mortality Rates (CMRs) were 12.78 per 1,000 Person Years (PY), Standardized Mortality Rate (SMR) was 9.

Early Identification of Locally Emerging Trends in Psychoactive Substance Use - Experience and Best Practice in Four European Localities.

Timely information about trends in psychoactive substance use could yield tailored interventions and reduce potential harms. However, conventional epidemiological tools might have limited capacity to detect trends emerging on a local level. The aim of this study was to explore best practice in the identification of new drug trends at the local level.

Mortality Rates and Trends Among Bologna Community Mental Health Service Users: A 13-Year Cohort Study.

The present study aimed to determine mortality rates and trends among community mental health service users in Bologna (Italy) between 2001 and 2013. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated, and Poisson multiple regression analysis was performed. The cohort comprised 42,357 patients, of which 3556 died.

Who Are the Subjects with Gambling-Related Problems Requiring Treatment? A Study in Northern Italy.

Background: This study analyzes data related to Hospital (HOS), Public Treatment Service Dedicated to Drug Addicts (SERD), or Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) clients with a first diagnosis of Pathological Gambling (PG) in the period 2000/2016 in Northern Italy. The aims were to describe trends and characteristics of pathological gamblers (PGs) and to estimate the prevalence of other diagnoses before or after the diagnosis of PG.

Methods: Participants aged over 17 years with an ICD-9 or ICD-10 PG diagnosis were selected.

Accesses for alcohol intoxication to the emergency department and the risk of re-hospitalization: An observational retrospective study.

Background: Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are a frequent cause of admission to emergency departments (EDs) for acute alcohol intoxication (AAI). Patients with AUD present a higher risk of readmission to EDs for AAI than the general population, however, the distinction between sporadic AAI and AAI in the context of AUD in the ED setting is difficult.

Aims: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of patients admitted to EDs because of AAI and to identify factors associated with repeated admissions in order to develop a risk stratification system for patients with AUD based on objective data that can be easily applied in an ED setting.

Mortality Trends among Cocaine Users Treated between 1989 and 2013 in Northern Italy: Results of a Longitudinal Study.

A total of 852 participants attending 11 centers for addiction treatment in north Italy following problems due to cocaine abuse between 1989 and 2013 were recruited. Two typologies were created: cocaine users (never heroin) (CU) and heroin and cocaine users (HCU). During the 38-year follow-up period, 4.

Mortality trends among heroin users treated between 1975 and 2013 in Northern Italy: Results of a longitudinal study.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine heroin mortality trends and changes in causes of death, across time and age, in a cohort of the heroin population of treated.

Methods: 5899 subjects attending twelve centers for addiction treatment (SERT) in north Italy following problems due to heroin abuse between 1975 and 2013 were recruited.

Results: This study documented elevated mortality among subjects with primary heroin abuse, with an elevated death risk in all the classes of age, declining until 2009 ad increasing starting from 2010.

Emergency department presentation and mortality rate due to overdose: A retrospective cohort study on nonfatal overdoses.

Background: The aims of this retrospective cohort study are to describe the presentation characteristics for nonfatal overdose-related complaints at the emergency departments (EDs) of the metropolitan area of Bologna (northern Italy), to estimate the subsequent risk of mortality by overdose, and to identify the profiles of the subjects most at risk.

Methods: Records of patients admitted to 10 EDs for overdose between January 2004 and December 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. The International Classification of Diseases was used to ascertain the cause of death.

Mortality risk in a cohort of Italian alcoholic individuals treated for alcohol dependence.

Introduction And Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the mortality risk and to explore the presence of subjects more at risk of dying in a cohort of alcoholic individuals treated for alcohol dependence over a lengthy follow-up period.

Design And Methods: A total of 2363 subjects attending 10 centres for addiction treatment for alcohol dependence were recruited.

Results: During the 17 year follow-up period, 14.

Mortality Risk Among Heroin Abusers: Clients and Non-clients of Public Treatment Centers for Drug Addiction.

Unlabelled: In Europe, the prevalence of problematic heroin consumption is declining but, in spite of the constant rise in the number of treated patients, many of them do not turn to a public treatment center (PTC) for their drug addiction. The aim of this study is to study the mortality risk separately for heroin abusers PTC clients and non-PTC clients (i.e.

Mortality risk for cocaine abusers in relation to heroin use: a follow-up study.

Cohort study on 471 subjects resident in the metropolitan area of Bologna who had visited a public treatment center for problems due to the abuse of cocaine from January 1, 1988 to December 31, 2009. Two user typologies were created: cocaine users (no heroin) and heroin and cocaine users. Crude mortality rates and standardized mortality ratios were calculated.

Early adolescents and substance use.

1300 students (54.3% girls) 13-16 years old were interviewed in the urban area of Bologna during 2010. Random effect multiple logistic regression models were used.

Determinants of seeking treatment for cocaine abuse: a case-control study.

The objective of this study, which targeted long-term socially integrated cocaine users (in powder form, no heroin), was to analyze potential determinants of request for treatment for primary cocaine abuse. Two hundred and twenty-three cases (users who sought treatment for primary cocaine abuse) and 223 controls (users who did not seek treatment) were interviewed in Italy. A semistructured interview was created.