Chronic disease incidence explained by stepwise models and co-occurrence among them.

Multimorbidity (MM) is the co-occurrence of two or more chronic diseases. We provided a dynamic approach revealing the MM complexity constructing a multistep incidence-age model for all patients with MM between 2014 and 2021 in the Basque Health System, Spain. The multistep model, with eight steps for males and nine for females, is a very well-fitting representation of MM.

Harnessing for Amazake Production: Comparison with Amazake for Metabolomic Characteristics, Microbial Diversity, and Sensory Profile.

Amazake is a traditional, sweet, non-alcoholic Japanese beverage typically produced through koji fermentation by the fungus . However, alternative microorganisms such as offer potential advantages and novel possibilities for producing similar fermented beverages. This study aimed to replicate the ancestral beverage of amazake by replacing (W-20) with (NCIMB 12077) and comparing their fermentation processes and resulting products.

Isothermal and non-isothermal transport properties of diluted fullerene binary and ternary aromatic solvent mixtures.

We present mass transport properties of C fullerene in five aromatic solvents, methylnaphthalene, toluene and three xylene isomers. Optical beam deflection and thermogravitational column techniques were used to determine molecular diffusion, thermodiffusion and Soret coefficients. All thermo-optical properties necessary to determine the abovementioned coefficients are also given at a mean working temperature of 298.

Disparities by Socioeconomic Status and Diagnosis of Dementia in the Prescribing of Antipsychotics in a Real-World Data Population Over 60 Years of Age.

Background: Antipsychotics are widely used in the elderly due to the high prevalence of neuropsychiatric associated with dementia.

Objective: To analyze potential disparities in antipsychotic use in the general population of Gipuzkoa by socioeconomic status (SES) and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) adjusting for somatic and psychiatric comorbidities, age, and sex.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out in all the 221,777 individuals over 60 years of age (Gipuzkoa, Spain) to collect diagnosis of ADRD, the Charlson Comorbidity Index, and psychiatric comorbidities considering all primary, outpatient, emergency and inpatient care episodes and first- and second-generation antipsychotics, and sociodemographic variables, namely, age, sex, SES and living in a nursing home.

Design and fabrication of a novel 4D-printed customized hand orthosis to treat cerebral palsy.

This research study is dedicated to additive manufacturing of the shape memory polymer hand orthosis to treat patients with cerebral palsy. The treatment process for cerebral palsy is a step-by-step process that needs different adjustments for the spastic hand to stretch it towards a normal posture, whereas meeting these requirements using conventional methods or complicated mechanisms is expensive, less flexible, time-consuming, and less practical. A comprehensive investigation was conducted to design and fabricate novel thermally actuated customized hand orthosis via digital light processing (DLP).

Comparative assessment of synthetic time series generation approaches in healthcare: leveraging patient metadata for accurate data synthesis.

Background: Synthetic data is an emerging approach for addressing legal and regulatory concerns in biomedical research that deals with personal and clinical data, whether as a single tool or through its combination with other privacy enhancing technologies. Generating uncompromised synthetic data could significantly benefit external researchers performing secondary analyses by providing unlimited access to information while fulfilling pertinent regulations. However, the original data to be synthesized (e.

Phase-shifted imaging on multi-directional induction thermography.

A novel multi-directional eddy current thermography (ECT) system is presented generating sets of directional phase images that have been fused with a processing pipeline allowing for an improved probability of detection (POD). Inhomogeneous electromagnetic Joule heating derived from the diversion of induced eddy currents provoked by cracks, altering its path around as well as under its bottom, is the principal phenomenon enabling its usage as a non-destructive-evaluation (NDE) technique. Most induction thermography systems employ inductors derived from old designs, optimized for localized heating with a fixed magnetic field direction.

Diffusion of hydrocarbons diluted in supercritical carbon dioxide.

Mutual diffusion of six hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, isobutane, benzene, toluene or naphthalene) diluted in supercritical carbon dioxide ([Formula: see text]) is studied by molecular dynamics simulation near the Widom line, i.e., in the temperature range from 290 to 345 K along the isobar 9 MPa.

Cross diffusion governs an oscillatory instability in a ternary mixture with the Soret effect.

In a ternary mixture with the Soret effect, the interplay between cross-diffusion, thermodiffusion, and convection can lead to rich and complex dynamics including spatial patterns and oscillations. We present an experimental and three-dimensional numerical study of dynamic regimes in the toluene-methanol-cyclohexane ternary mixture with the Soret effect in the geometry of a thermogravitational column. An important feature of the system is that for the first component, toluene, the Soret and thermodiffusion coefficients have opposite signs, which triggers the oscillatory instability.

Retinal thickness as a biomarker of cognitive impairment in manifest Huntington's disease.

Background: Cognitive decline has been reported in premanifest and manifest Huntington's disease but reliable biomarkers are lacking. Inner retinal layer thickness seems to be a good biomarker of cognition in other neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective: To explore the relationship between optical coherence tomography-derived metrics and global cognition in Huntington's Disease.

Hybrid Spreadable Cheese Analogues with Faba Bean and Mealworm () Flours: Optimisation Using Desirability-Based Mixture Design.

Hybrid products could help bridge the gap as new alternative diets emerge in response to the demand for less animal protein, while recent studies suggest that the Western population is not yet ready to fully embrace an alternative protein-based diet. This study used a desirability-based mixture design to model hybrid spreadable cheese analogues (SCAs). The design combined milk protein concentrate (MPC), (IF) and faba bean (FBP) flours, representing 7.

Measurement of Diffusion of Atmospheric Gases in a Liquid Perfluoro Compound by Means of an Optical Technique.

We report on accurate measurements of Fickian diffusion coefficients in binary mixtures consisting of hydrofluoroether (a perfluoro compound of methoxy-nonafluorobutane or HFE-7100) with dissolved atmospheric gases CO, N, and O in the limit of an infinite dilution of the gas. We show that the use of optical digital interferometry (ODI) allows the determination of diffusion coefficients of dissolved gases with relatively small standard uncertainties for this class of experiments. In addition, we illustrate the ability of an optical approach to determine the gas concentration.

Effects of Socioeconomic Environment on Physical Activity Levels and Sleep Quality in Basque Schoolchildren.

The socioeconomic and built environment of an area are interrelated with health data and have a direct influence on children's development. There are facilitators and barriers for schools to promote physical activity depending on the socioeconomic status of the school. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between physical activity and sleep and the socioeconomic level of children in the Basque Country.

Rational Food Design Targeting Micronutrient Deficiencies in Adolescents: Nutritional, Acoustic-Mechanical and Sensory Properties of Chickpea-Rice Biscuits.

"Hidden hunger", the deficiency of important mineral micronutrients, affects more than 2 billion people globally. Adolescence is unquestionably a period of nutritional risk, given the high nutritional requirements for growth and development, erratic or capricious diets and the increased consumption of snacks. This study applied the rational food design approach to obtain micronutrient-dense biscuits by combining chickpea and rice flours to achieve an optimal nutritional profile, crunchy texture and appealing flavour.

Variety of flow patterns in a liquid bridge subjected to a gas stream.

We present an experimental and two-phase computational study of convection in a liquid bridge ([Formula: see text]) that develops under the action of a parallel gas flow. The study focuses on tracking the evolution of hydrothermal waves by increasing the applied temperature difference [Formula: see text] and the temperature of gas moving at the velocity [Formula: see text]. Our experiments revealed certain regularity in the change of oscillatory states with an increase in the control parameters.

Design and 3D printing of an electrochemical sensor for detection based on loop mediated isothermal amplification.

The aim of this work is the design and 3D printing of a new electrochemical sensor for the detection of based on loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The food related diseases involve a serious health issue all over the world. is one of the major problems of contaminated food, this pathogen causes a disease called listeriosis with a high rate of hospitalization and mortality.

Binary Diffusion Coefficients for Short Chain Alcohols in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Experimental and Predictive Correlations.

Experimental binary diffusion coefficients for short-chain alcohols in supercritical carbon dioxide were measured using the Taylor dispersion technique in a temperature range of 306.15 K to 331.15 K and along the 10.

Physical Activity Levels and Sleep in Schoolchildren (6-17) with and without School Sport.

There is strong evidence to support the association between daily physical activity and sleep parameters in children and adolescents. Physical activity and outdoor play are favourably associated with most sleep outcomes in school children. The aim is to find out the levels of physical activity and the quality of sleep in Basque schoolchildren aged between six and seventeen and to analyse the possible differences between those who carry out some kind of physical sports activity and those who do not.

Diffusion in liquid mixtures.

The understanding of transport and mixing in fluids in the presence and in the absence of external fields and reactions represents a challenging topic of strategic relevance for space exploration. Indeed, mixing and transport of components in a fluid are especially important during long-term space missions where fuels, food and other materials, needed for the sustainability of long space travels, must be processed under microgravity conditions. So far, the processes of transport and mixing have been investigated mainly at the macroscopic and microscopic scale.

How-to conduct a systematic literature review: A quick guide for computer science research.

Performing a literature review is a critical first step in research to understanding the state-of-the-art and identifying gaps and challenges in the field. A systematic literature review is a method which sets out a series of steps to methodically organize the review. In this paper, we present a guide designed for researchers and in particular early-stage researchers in the computer-science field.

Friction Modelling for Tube Hydroforming Processes-A Numerical and Experimental Study with Different Viscosity Lubricants.

The final quality of sheet and tube metal-formed components strongly depends on the tribology and friction conditions between the tools and the material to be formed. Furthermore, it has been recently demonstrated that friction is the numerical input parameter that has the biggest effect in the numerical models used for feasibility studies and process design. For these reasons, industrial dedicated software packages have introduced friction laws which are dependent on sliding velocity, contact pressure and sometimes strain suffered by the sheet, and currently, temperature dependency is being implemented as it has also a major effect on friction.

A 10 year (2011-2021) systematic review of teen dating violence prevention programs.

Background: Teen dating violence (TDV) refers to the physical, sexual and/or psychological violence that takes place within a romantic relationship amongst teenagers. TDV has devastating consequences for the victims, particularly for young women, who also experience increased risk of relationship violence in their adulthood. In view of this, the implementation of effective TDV prevention programs has the potential to tackle both TDV and contribute to eradicate gender-based violence.

Integration of Hot Isostatic Pressing and Heat Treatment for Advanced Modified γ-TiAl TNM Alloys.

The conventional processing route of TNM (Ti-Nb-Mo) alloys combines casting and Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) followed by forging and multiple heat treatments to establish optimum properties. This is a time-consuming and costly process. In this study we present an advanced alternative TNM alloy processing route combining HIP and heat treatments into a single process, which we refer to as IHT (integrated HIP heat treatment), applied to a modified TNM alloy with 1.

Transport properties of n-ethylene glycol aqueous solutions with focus on triethylene glycol-water.

Soret effect and diffusion in triethylene glycol (TEG)-water mixtures were investigated as a function of concentration at 25 °C by means of optical digital interferometry, with the use of a classical Soret cell. Diffusion D, thermal diffusion D, and Soret S coefficients are described for the full concentration range and an analysis is made individually for TEG-water mixture and within a series of n-ethylene glycol (n-EG) aqueous systems. All coefficients decrease with increasing the concentration of TEG and n-EG.