Cultivating cultural empathy among diabetes educators: A pre-post evaluation of a digital story intervention.

Indigenous Australians are disproportionately affected by diabetes, with a diagnosis rate nearly four times higher than people from a non-Indigenous background. This health disparity highlights the urgent need for healthcare providers to develop cultural empathy - a critical competency for delivering culturally safe and person-centered care. Cultural empathy is essential for building trust and effective communication in diabetes education and management within Indigenous people.

Consumer and community involvement in preventive health: current insights and considerations for future best practice.

Consumer and community involvement (CCI) in preventive research and health initiatives is not only encouraged but is expected within a rapidly evolving landscape across health policy, practice and research. Here, we summarise the fundamental principles of CCI, as well as outline the barriers and current developments in working towards best practices at organisational and systems levels. CCI stands at a critical juncture.

Premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility.

Background: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is the loss of ovarian function before the age of 40 years and can be spontaneous or iatrogenic. It is an important cause of infertility, and the diagnosis should be considered in any woman presenting with oligo/amenorrhoea, even in the absence of menopausal symptoms suchas hot flushes.

Objective: The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the diagnosis of POI and its management with respect to infertility.

Nutrition and listeriosis during pregnancy: a systematic review.

Listeriosis is a rare but severe foodborne illness which is more common in populations such as pregnant women, and can result in serious complications including miscarriage, prematurity, maternal and neonatal sepsis, and death in the newborn. Population recommendations exist for specific foods and food preparation practices to reduce listeriosis risk during pregnancy. The aim of the present systematic review was to assess the association between listeriosis and these practices during pregnancy to confirm appropriateness of these recommendations.

Age-related differences in glycaemic control, cardiovascular disease risk factors and treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study from the Australian National Diabetes Audit.

Objective: To compare the glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factor profiles of younger and older patients with type 2 diabetes. Cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2015 Australian National Diabetes Audit was undertaken.

Methods: Data were obtained from adults with type 2 diabetes presenting to Australian secondary/tertiary diabetes centres.

Geographical variation of diabetic emergencies attended by prehospital Emergency Medical Services is associated with measures of ethnicity and socioeconomic status.

Geographical variation of diabetic emergencies attended by prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) and the relationship between area-level social and demographic factors and risk of a diabetic emergency were examined. All cases of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia attended by Ambulance Victoria between 1/01/2009 and 31/12/2015 were tabulated by Local Government Area (LGA). Conditional autoregressive models were used to create smoothed maps of age and gender standardised incidence ratio (SIR) of prehospital EMS attendance for a diabetic emergency.

Evaluating optimal utilisation of technology in type 1 diabetes mellitus from a clinical and health economic perspective: protocol for a systematic review.

Background: Technology has been implemented since the 1970s with the hope of improving glycaemic control and reducing the burden of complications for those living with type 1 diabetes. A clinical and cost-effectiveness comparison of all available technologies including continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), sensor-augmented pump therapy (including either low-glucose suspend or predictive low-glucose suspend), hybrid closed-loop systems, closed-loop (single-hormone or dual-hormone) systems, flash glucose monitoring (FGM), insulin bolus calculators, and 'smart-device' applications is currently lacking. This systematic review, network meta-analysis, and narrative synthesis aims to summarise available evidence regarding the clinical and cost-effectiveness of available technologies in the management of patients with type 1 diabetes.

Utilisation of prehospital emergency medical services for hyperglycaemia: A community-based observational study.

Aims: This study examines prehospital Emergency Medical Service (EMS) utilisation and patterns of demand for hyperglycaemia management, including characteristics of individuals and factors related to hospital transport.

Materials And Methods: A state-wide, community-based observational study of all patients requiring prehospital EMS for hyperglycaemia during a 7 year study period (Jan 2009-Dec 2015) using electronic data from the Ambulance Victoria data warehouse was conducted. Pre-specified variables related to patient demographics, comorbidities, examination findings, paramedic treatment and transport outcomes were obtained.

Emergency treatment of hypoglycaemia: a guideline and evidence review.

Aim: To examine the current treatment guidelines for the emergency management of hypoglycaemia and the evidence underpinning recommendations.

Methods: International diabetes agencies were searched for hypoglycaemia treatment guidelines. Guidelines were assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument.

Time series modelling to forecast prehospital EMS demand for diabetic emergencies.

Background: Acute diabetic emergencies are often managed by prehospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS). The projected growth in prevalence of diabetes is likely to result in rising demand for prehospital EMS that are already under pressure. The aims of this study were to model the temporal trends and provide forecasts of prehospital attendances for diabetic emergencies.

Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp studies.

Study Question: What is the degree of intrinsic insulin resistance (IR) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the relative contribution of BMI to overall IR based on meta-analysis of gold standard insulin clamp studies?

Summary Answer: We report an inherent reduction (-27%) of insulin sensitivity (IS) in PCOS patients, which was independent of BMI.

What Is Already Known: PCOS is prevalent, complex and underpinned by IR but controversies surround the degree of intrinsic IR in PCOS, the effect of BMI and the impact of the different diagnostic criteria (NIH versus Rotterdam) in PCOS.

Study Design, Size, Duration: A systematic review and meta-analysis of Medline and All EBM databases was undertaken of studies published up to 30 May 2015.

Polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5-20% of women of reproductive age worldwide. The condition is characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) - with excessive androgen production by the ovaries being a key feature of PCOS. Metabolic dysfunction characterized by insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinaemia is evident in the vast majority of affected individuals.

Utilisation of emergency medical services for severe hypoglycaemia: An unrecognised health care burden.

Aims: Diabetes is associated with several acute, life-threatening complications yet there are limited data on the utilisation of prehospital services for their management. This study aimed to examine the utilisation of emergency medical services (EMS) for prehospital hypoglycaemia, including patient characteristics and factors related to hospital transportation.

Methods: An observational study of patients requiring EMS for hypoglycaemia across Victoria, Australia over three years was conducted.