Cut-off point development for the Everyday Memory Questionnaire - Revised in perimenopausal women.

Objective: Subjective cognitive complaints have been reported in women during perimenopause and the Everyday Memory Questionnaire - Revised (EMQ-R) has been recently evaluated as a standardized instrument to measure subjective cognitive changes. The purpose of this study was to identify potential cut-off points for the EMQ-R retrieval subscale and attentional subscale, and to assess the validity of these cut-off points in detecting objective cognitive changes associated with reported subjective cognitive complaints.

Method: After screening, 232 perimenopausal women were included in the analyses.

Identifying overcontrol and undercontrol personality types among young people using the five factor model, and the relationship with disordered eating behaviour, anxiety and depression.

Background: Overcontrol and undercontrol personality types have been associated with an increase in eating pathology, depression and anxiety. The aim of the research was to explore whether latent overcontrol and undercontrol personality types could be identified using cluster analysis of the facets of the five factor model (FFM). We further aimed to understand how these personality types were associated with eating pathology, depressed mood and anxiety.

Streptococcus ruminantium-associated sheep mastitis outbreak detected in Italy is distinct from bovine isolates.

Streptococcus ruminantium is the causative agent of several bovine and ovine diseases, however reports are uncommon and application of whole genome sequencing to identify is rare. We report for the first time, a severe ovine mastitis outbreak caused by S. ruminantium in Italy, 2022.

Evaluation of the Everyday Memory Questionnaire-Revised in a menopausal population: understanding the brain fog during menopause.

Objective: Brain fog (ie, memory complaints and concentration difficulties) is frequently reported during the menopausal transition. There is lack of standardized scales available to measure brain fog across the menopausal transition. This study aimed to evaluate the factor structure of the Everyday Memory Questionnaire-Revised (EMQ-R) and to determine the most commonly reported everyday cognitive symptoms in a menopausal population.

Perceived Discrimination in Australia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Longitudinal Study.

Objectives: There have been global reports of increased discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic relative to the pre-pandemic era, though this has not been well explored within Australia. The aim of the study was to characterise discriminatory behaviour experienced by groups previously identified as most at risk of experiencing discrimination (i.e.

A Study of Cardiac Outcomes After Droperidol Administration in an Inpatient Psychiatric Cohort.

Purpose/background: Droperidol is an antipsychotic medication used in psychiatric emergencies to manage acute behavioral disturbance. Droperidol use carries a risk of prolonged QT interval on the electrocardiogram and associated cardiac arrhythmias including torsades de pointes and ventricular fibrillation. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of droperidol in adults admitted to the psychiatric inpatient unit of a large Australian hospital.

Soluble immune checkpoints as correlates for HIV persistence and T cell function in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.

Introduction: In people with HIV (PWH) both off and on antiretroviral therapy (ART), the expression of immune checkpoint (IC) proteins is elevated on the surface of total and HIV-specific T-cells, indicating T-cell exhaustion. Soluble IC proteins and their ligands can also be detected in plasma, but have not been systematically examined in PWH. Since T-cell exhaustion is associated with HIV persistence on ART, we aimed to determine if soluble IC proteins and their ligands also correlated with the size of the HIV reservoir and HIV-specific T-cell function.

Dietary intake and nutritional status of people with epilepsy: A systematic review.

Purpose: In people with epilepsy achieving optimal dietary intake may be hampered by psychological and physical comorbidities associated with seizures, medication use, socioeconomic disadvantage and the use of therapeutic diets. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the reported dietary intake and nutritional status of children and adults with epilepsy.

Methods: A systematic literature search was completed across Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL (all from inception to 4 November 2021).

Oral contraceptives and cognition: A systematic review.

Oral contraceptives (OCs) are widely used. While the physical impacts of OCs have been well researched, there is increasing interest on potential impacts of OCs on brain, behaviour and cognition. We systematically reviewed the literature to determine the influence of OCs on cognition, including neurocognition, social cognition and emotional processing.

Evidence that a working memory cognitive phenotype within schizophrenia has a unique underlying biology.

It is suggested studying phenotypes within the syndrome of schizophrenia will accelerate understanding the complex molecular pathology of the disorder. Supporting this hypothesis, we have identified a sub-group within schizophrenia with impaired working memory (WM) and have used Affymetrix™ Human Exon 1.0 ST Arrays to compare their blood RNA levels (n=16) to a group of with intact WM (n=18).

Neurocognitive correlates of probable posttraumatic stress disorder following traumatic brain injury.

Introduction: Neurocognitive problems associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can interact with impairment resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Research Question: We aimed to identify neurocognitive problems associated with probable PTSD following TBI in a civilian sample.

Material And Methods: The study is part of the CENTER-TBI project (Collaborative European Neurotrauma Effectiveness Research) that aims to better characterize TBI.

One size does not fit all: Exploring how the five-factor model facets predict disordered eating behaviours among adolescent and young adult males and females.

There is a wealth of research that has highlighted the relationship between personality and eating disorders. It has been suggested that understanding how subclinical disordered eating behaviours are uniquely associated with personality can help to improve the conceptualization of individuals with eating disorders. This study aimed to explore how the facets of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) predicted restrictive eating, binge eating, purging, chewing and spitting, excessive exercising and muscle building among males and females.

The relationship between cognitive clusters and telomere length in bipolar-schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Background: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are complex mental illnesses that are associated with cognitive deficits. There is considerable cognitive heterogeneity that exists within both disorders. Studies that cluster schizophrenia and bipolar patients into subgroups based on their cognitive profile increasingly demonstrate that, relative to healthy controls, there is a severely compromised subgroup and a relatively intact subgroup.

Systematic review and narrative synthesis of cognition in perimenopause: The role of risk factors and menopausal symptoms.

Objective: Many women report cognitive concerns during the menopausal transition, and cognitive testing supports objective declines in some cognitive domains for some women. Identifying risk and protective factors that mediate cognitive difficulties would help women gain better insight into how they can manage cognitive difficulties during the menopause transition. The purpose of this review was to synthesize the studies that examine the relationships between cognition, menopausal symptoms and risk/protective factors during menopause transition.

Health care utilization and outcomes in older adults after Traumatic Brain Injury: A CENTER-TBI study.

Introduction: The incidence of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is increasingly common in older adults aged ≥65 years, forming a growing public health problem. However, older adults are underrepresented in TBI research. Therefore, we aimed to provide an overview of health-care utilization, and of six-month outcomes after TBI and their determinants in older adults who sustained a TBI.

Menstrual Cycle in Trauma-Related Disorders: A Mini-Review.

Fluctuations of sex hormones across the menstrual cycle have been linked to exacerbation of symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Women diagnosed with trauma-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) have reported worsening of mood symptoms at various phases of their menstrual cycle. There is also considerable overlap between PTSD, BPD, and complex-PTSD (cPTSD) symptoms, suggesting similar biological underpinnings.

Epigenetic Activation of Plasmacytoid DCs Drives IFNAR-Dependent Therapeutic Differentiation of AML.

Unlabelled: Pharmacologic inhibition of epigenetic enzymes can have therapeutic benefit against hematologic malignancies. In addition to affecting tumor cell growth and proliferation, these epigenetic agents may induce antitumor immunity. Here, we discovered a novel immunoregulatory mechanism through inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDAC).

The relationship between disordered eating behaviour and the five factor model personality dimensions: A systematic review.

The relationship between personality and eating disorders has received significant research attention. This review aimed to synthesize research regarding the Five Factor Model (FFM) and disordered eating behaviors, to gain an improved understanding of the relationship between normal-range personality and subclinical eating disorders. Electronic Databases were used to identify studies published in English that utilized self-report measures of disordered eating and the FFM.

No influence of sex on the relationship between schizotypy factors and executive control across the schizophrenia spectrum.

Sex differences in symptoms and executive control across schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are consistently reported. Similarly, these findings of sex differences are also observed in schizotypy, that is, schizophrenia-like features occurring in healthy individuals in the absence of a clinical diagnosis. This study aimed to examine the relationships between performance on three major domains of executive control: performance monitoring, response inhibition, and cognitive set-shifting, and schizotypy factor scores in both SSD patients and healthy controls (HCs), and whether sex moderated any relationships observed.

Transcriptomic analysis reveals myometrial topologically associated domains linked to the onset of human term labour.

Changes in cell phenotype are thought to occur through the expression of groups of co-regulated genes within topologically associated domains (TADs). In this paper, we allocate genes expressed within the myometrium of the human uterus during the onset of term labour into TADs. Transformation of the myometrial cells of the uterus into a contractile phenotype during term human labour is the result of a complex interaction of different epigenomic and genomic layers.

Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade Enhances IL-2 and CD107a Production from HIV-Specific T Cells Ex Vivo in People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy.

In people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART), immune dysfunction persists, including elevated expression of immune checkpoint (IC) proteins on total and HIV-specific T cells. Reversing immune exhaustion is one strategy to enhance the elimination of HIV-infected cells that persist in PWH on ART. We aimed to evaluate whether blocking CTL-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), T cell Ig domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) alone or in combination would enhance HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell function ex vivo.

A biomarker and endophenotype for anorexia nervosa?

Objective: Recent research has suggested that a type of atypical eye movement, called square wave jerks, together with anxiety, may distinguish individuals with anorexia nervosa from those without anorexia nervosa and may represent a biomarker and endophenotype for the illness. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of this proposed marker in individuals currently with anorexia nervosa relative to healthy controls, and to identify the state independence and heritability of this putative marker by exploring whether it also exists in individuals who are weight-restored from anorexia nervosa and first-degree relatives (i.e.

A systematic review of the effect of ovarian sex hormones on stimulant use in females.

Stimulant use disorder is associated with significant global health burden. Despite evidence for sex differences in the development and maintenance of stimulant use disorder, few studies have focused on mechanisms underpinning distinct trajectories in females versus males, including the effect of the ovarian sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. This review aimed to identify and synthesise the existing preclinical and clinical literature on the effect of ovarian sex hormones on stimulant consumption in females.