Clinical, legal and ethical implications of coercion and compulsory treatment in eating disorders: do rapid review findings identify clear answers or more muddy waters?

Introduction: This Rapid Review (RR) aimed to assess the current literature over the past decade to determine the prevailing evidence regarding compulsory treatment* in eating disorders (ED). It is hoped that the review will help inform a consensus opinion as to whether this course of action confers significant clinical benefit, and importantly, to whom it should apply. The review also explores alternative options to involuntary care.

Olutasidenib alone or with azacitidine in IDH1-mutated acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: phase 1 results of a phase 1/2 trial.

Background: Olutasidenib (FT-2102) is a potent, selective, oral, small-molecule inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). The aims for phase 1 of this phase 1/2 study were to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical activity of olutasidenib, as monotherapy or in combination with azacitidine, in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia or myelodysplastic syndrome, harbouring mutant IDH1.

Methods: In this phase 1/2, multicentre, open-label clinical trial, we enrolled patients aged 18 years or older with acute myeloid leukaemia or intermediate, high, or very high risk myelodysplastic syndrome harbouring mutant IDH1 at 18 study sites in the USA, Australia, France, and Spain.

Guidelines for non-transplant chemotherapy for treatment of systemic AL amyloidosis: EHA-ISA working group.

Background: This guideline has been developed jointly by the European Society of Haematology and International Society of Amyloidosis recommending non-transplant chemotherapy treatment for patients with AL amyloidosis.

Methods: A review of literature and grading of evidence as well as expert recommendations by the ESH and ISA guideline committees.

Results And Conclusions: The recommendations of this committee suggest that treatment follows the clinical presentation which determines treatment tolerance tempered by potential side effects to select and modify use of drugs in AL amyloidosis.

Pre-operative Restraint and Post-operative Hunger, Disinhibition and Emotional Eating Predict Weight Loss at 2 Years Post-laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding.

Introduction: A principal mechanism of action in bariatric surgery is reduction in calorie consumption due to decreased hunger and increased satiety. Patients' ability to perceive post-operative changes to their hunger is therefore central to optimal results. This study examined factors that may impact how patients perceive post-operative hunger and how perception of hunger impacts eating and subsequent weight loss after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB).

A Comparison of High-Dose Cytarabine During Induction Versus Consolidation Therapy in Newly Diagnosed AML.

The proportion of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cured is increased by administering high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC). It remains uncertain whether to administer HiDAC as induction or consolidation, and whether ≥1 cycle of HiDAC is required. Our retrospective study of 416 adult AML patients, excluding good risk cytogenetics, compared a single cycle of HiDAC-based therapy followed by 2 cycles of standard-dose cytarabine (SDAC) (HiDAC induction cohort) with SDAC-based chemotherapy followed by 2 cycles of HiDAC-based chemotherapy (HiDAC consolidation cohort).

Identifying and targeting pathogenic PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in IL-6-blockade-refractory idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease.

Background: Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a hematologic illness involving cytokine-induced lymphoproliferation, systemic inflammation, cytopenias, and life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction. The molecular underpinnings of interleukin-6(IL-6)-blockade refractory patients remain unknown; no targeted therapies exist. In this study, we searched for therapeutic targets in IL-6-blockade refractory iMCD patients with the thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever/elevated C-reactive protein, reticulin myelofibrosis, renal dysfunction, organomegaly (TAFRO) clinical subtype.

The challenges facing the public mental health sector: implications of the Victorian Psychiatry workforce project.

Objectives: This paper reviews the major findings of the Victorian Psychiatry Attraction, Recruitment and Retention Needs Analysis Project and considers some of the implications for the psychiatrist workforce working in public sector psychiatry.

Conclusions: The report provides a snapshot of the issues that are impairing the ability of Victorian psychiatrists to comprehensively treat those in our community who have severe mental illness. As the report shows, the issues impacting the profession are multi-faceted and complex, yet surmountable.

Borderline personality disorder and eating disorders: a trans-diagnostic approach to unravelling diagnostic complexity.

Objectives: This opinion paper considers co-morbid borderline personality disorder (BPD) and eating disorders and proposes that a trans-diagnostic approach looking at presenting problems and treatment approaches may be of value.

Conclusions: Trans-diagnostic elements can be identified across the two syndromes. Trans-diagnostic elements appear to include some shared aetiological factors as well as some shared syndromal components.

Long-Term Outcomes After Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Weight Loss at 10 or More Years for All Bariatric Procedures and a Single-Centre Review of 20-Year Outcomes After Adjustable Gastric Banding.

Introduction: Durability is a key requirement for the broad acceptance of bariatric surgery. We report on durability at and beyond 10 years with a systematic review and meta-analysis of all reports providing data at 10 or more years and a single-centre study of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) with 20 years of follow-up.

Methods: Systematic review with meta-analysis was performed on all eligble reports containing 10 or more years of follow-up data on weight loss after bariatric surgery.

Novel Indications for Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, beyond Hematological Malignancies.

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a critical terminal enzyme in the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) pathway. BTK activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain B-cell malignancies. Targeting this pathway has emerged as a novel target in B-cell malignancies, of which ibrutinib is the first-in-class agent.

Limited utility of routine chest X-ray in initial evaluation of neutropenic fever in patients with haematological diseases undergoing chemotherapy.

Background: Routine chest X-ray (CXR) is recommended for neutropenic fever (NF) management however its role is relatively understudied in haematology patients.

Aim: To investigate the utility of CXR in the diagnosis and management of patients with haematological conditions complicated by NF.

Methods: Retrospective, single-centre analysis of haematology patients admitted with NF between January 2011 and December 2015.

Docetaxel-related fatigue in men with metastatic prostate cancer: a descriptive analysis.

Purpose: Fatigue is a prevalent and debilitating side effect of docetaxel chemotherapy in metastatic prostate cancer. A better understanding of the kinetics and nature of docetaxel-related fatigue may provide a framework for intervention.

Methods: This secondary analysis was performed using the MOTIF database, from a phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of modafinil (200 mg/day for 15 days) for docetaxel-related fatigue in men with metastatic prostate cancer [1].

Hodgkin lymphoma: an Australian experience of ABVD chemotherapy in the modern era.

Approximately 560 new cases of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are diagnosed annually in Australia. Standard first-line therapy is ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine). It is unknown how survival outcomes in patients receiving ABVD in current clinical practice, with routine positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and modern supportive measures, compare with results from published trials.

Comparison of not for resuscitation (NFR) forms across five Victorian health services.

Background: Within Australian hospitals, cardiac and respiratory arrests result in a resuscitation attempt unless the patient is documented as not for resuscitation.

Aim: To examine the consistency of policies and documentation for withholding in-hospital resuscitation across health services.

Method: An observational, qualitative review of hospital policy and documentation was conducted in June 2013 in three public and two private sector hospitals in metropolitan Melbourne.

Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia following lung volume reduction surgery in a single lung transplant recipient on maintenance tacrolimus (FK506) therapy.

Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA) describes intravascular haemolysis due to mechanical destruction of red cells as a result of pathological changes in small blood vessels. It is well recognized as a complication of cyclosporin A therapy in solid organ transplantation but has been uncommonly reported in association with tacrolimus therapy and never before in the setting of lung transplantation. Discussed is a 54-year-old female recipient of a left single lung transplant who developed anaemia, thrombocytopenia and red blood cell fragmentation consistent with MAHA following lung volume reduction surgery (VRS) of the native right lung in the setting of high serum tacrolimus levels.