Protocol for a between-group experimental study examining cultural differences in emotion processing between Malay and Caucasian adults with and without major depressive disorder.

Introduction: Depression is a mood disorder that affects a significant proportion of the population worldwide. In Malaysia and Australia, the number of people diagnosed with depression is on the rise. It has been found that impairments in emotion processing and emotion regulation play a role in the development and maintenance of depression.

Exploring factors related to the anger superiority effect in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Despite face and emotion recognition deficits, individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) appear to experience the anger superiority effect, where an angry face in a crowd is detected faster than a neutral face. This study extended past research to examine the impacts of ecologically valid photographic stimuli, gender and anxiety symptoms on the anger superiority effect in children with and without ASD. Participants were 81, 7-12year old children, 42 with ASD matched on age, gender and perceptual IQ to 39 typically developing (TYP) children.

Polymyxin Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: Genetic Mutations and Transcriptomic Changes in Response to Clinically Relevant Dosage Regimens.

Polymyxins are often last-line therapeutic agents used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant A. baumannii. Recent reports of polymyxin-resistant A.

An integrated practice approach to mobility care for older people.

Mobility is important to older people in nursing homes and residential facilities since it contributes to their health and quality of life. Many residents in such facilities require some form of assistance to move and accomplish activities of daily living. Therefore, nurses and healthcare assistants should have the knowledge and skills to provide effective mobility care.

Potent dual inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum M1 and M17 aminopeptidases through optimization of S1 pocket interactions.

Malaria remains a global health problem, and though international efforts for treatment and eradication have made some headway, the emergence of drug-resistant parasites threatens this progress. Antimalarial therapeutics acting via novel mechanisms are urgently required. Plasmodium falciparum M1 and M17 are neutral aminopeptidases which are essential for parasite growth and development.

Synthetic mRNA Reprogramming of Human Fibroblast Cells.

Reprogramming of somatic cells, such as skin fibroblasts, to pluripotency was first achieved by forced expression of four transcription factors using integrating retroviral or lentiviral vectors, which result in integration of exogenous DNA into cellular genome and present a formidable barrier to therapeutic application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). To facilitate the translation of iPSC technology to clinical practice, mRNA reprogramming method that generates transgene-free iPSCs is a safe and efficient method, eliminating bio-containment concerns associated with viral vectors, as well as the need for weeks of screening of cells to confirm that viral material has been completely eliminated during cell passaging.

The effects of demographic change on disease transmission and vaccine impact in a household structured population.

The demographic structure of populations in both more developed and less developed countries is changing: increases in life expectancy and declining fertility have led to older populations and smaller households. The implications of these demographic changes for the spread and control of infectious diseases are not fully understood. Here we use an individual based model with realistic and dynamic age and household structure to demonstrate the marked effect that demographic change has on disease transmission at the population and household level.

Surface-Assisted Cyclodehydrogenation; Break the Symmetry, Enhance the Selectivity.

Selectivity in chemical reactions is a major objective in industrial processes to minimize spurious byproducts and to save scarce resources. In homogeneous catalysis the most important factor which determines selectivity is structural symmetry. However, a transfer of the symmetry concept to heterogeneous catalysis still requires a detailed comprehension of the underlying processes.

Psychometric evaluation of disordered eating measures in bariatric surgery patients.

Introduction: Bariatric surgery is considered the most effective weight loss intervention for obese persons. However, accurate assessment is essential to identify disordered eating that may impair achievement of optimal post-surgical outcomes. Measures of disordered eating are yet to be thoroughly psychometrically evaluated in bariatric surgery patients, therefore their utility is unknown.

Mechanisms of anxiety related attentional biases in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have high levels of anxiety. It is unclear whether they exhibit threat-related attentional biases commensurate with anxiety disorders as manifest in non-ASD populations, such as facilitated attention toward, and difficulties disengaging engaging from, threatening stimuli. Ninety children, 45 cognitively able with ASD and 45 age, perceptual-IQ, and gender matched typically developing children, aged 7-12 years, were administered a visual dot probe task using threatening facial pictures.

The acetyltransferase HAT1 moderates the NF-κB response by regulating the transcription factor PLZF.

To date, the activities of protein kinases have formed the core of our understanding of cell signal transduction. Comprehension of the extent of protein acetylation has raised expectations that this alternate post-transcriptional modification will be shown to rival phosphorylation in its importance in mediating cellular responses. However, limited instances have been identified.

Two mechanisms of killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by tobramycin assessed at multiple inocula via mechanism-based modeling.

Bacterial resistance is among the most serious threats to human health globally, and many bacterial isolates have emerged that are resistant to all antibiotics in monotherapy. Aminoglycosides are often used in combination therapies against severe infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, models quantifying different antibacterial effects of aminoglycosides are lacking.

Anxiety and Depression during Transition from Hospital to Community in Older Adults: Concepts of a Study to Explain Late Age Onset Depression.

The transition between extended hospitalization and discharge home to community-living contexts for older adults is a critical time period. This transition can have an impact on the health outcomes of older adults such as increasing the risk for health outcomes like falls, functional decline and depression and anxiety. The aim of this work is to identify and understand why older adults experience symptoms of depression and anxiety post-discharge and what factors are associated with this.

Sensory-specific modulation of adult neurogenesis in sensory structures is associated with the type of stem cell present in the neurogenic niche of the zebrafish brain.

Teleost fishes retain populations of adult stem/progenitor cells within multiple primary sensory processing structures of the mature brain. Though it has commonly been thought that their ability to give rise to adult-born neurons is mainly associated with continuous growth throughout life, whether a relationship exists between the processing function of these structures and the addition of new neurons remains unexplored. We investigated the ultrastructural organisation and modality-specific neurogenic plasticity of niches located in chemosensory (olfactory bulb, vagal lobe) and visual processing (periventricular grey zone, torus longitudinalis) structures of the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain.

Did compulsory wear regulations increase personal flotation device (PFD) use by boaters in small power recreational vessels? A before-after observational study conducted in Victoria, Australia.

Objective: To estimate the effect of the 2005 Victorian mandatory personal flotation device (PFD) wearing regulations on PFD use by occupants of small (hull length ≤4.8 m) power recreational vessels.

Design: Before-after observational study investigating the probability of PFD use among occupants of small vessels before and after the regulations were introduced compared with the probability of use by their counterparts on large power vessels (hull length >4.

The impact of family and work-related social support on musculoskeletal injury outcomes: a systematic review.

Purpose: Social support has been identified as a key factor in facilitating better health outcomes following injury. However, there is limited research on the role of social support in recovery from musculoskeletal injury (MSI), the leading cause of morbidity and disability in the world. The aim of this study is to review the extent to which family and work-related social support (e.

Residual indicator bacteria in autosampler tubing: a field and laboratory assessment.

Microbial contamination in surface waters has become a worldwide cause for concern. As efforts are made to reduce this contamination, monitoring is integral to documenting and evaluating water quality improvements. Autosamplers are beneficial in such monitoring efforts, as large data sets can be generated with minimized effort.

Receptor protein complexes are in control of autophagy.

In autophagic processes a variety of cargos is delivered to the degradative compartment of cells. Recent progress in autophagy research has provided support for the notion that when autophagic processes are operating in selective mode, a receptor protein complex will process the cargo. Here we present a concept of receptor protein complexes as comprising a functional tetrad of components: a ligand, a receptor, a scaffold and an Atg8 family protein.

Expression feature of CD3, FcεRIγ, and Zap-70 in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

In leukemia patients, T-cell function has been suppressed with the disease progress. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are all to a degree immunodeficient. In order to elucidate the feature of T-cell receptor signal transduction in CLL, the expression levels of CD3γ, δ, ε, and ζ chain, FcεRIγ, and Zap-70 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed.

Pendant bubble method for an accurate characterization of superhydrophobic surfaces.

The commonly used sessile drop method for measuring contact angles and surface tension suffers from errors on superhydrophobic surfaces. This occurs from unavoidable experimental error in determining the vertical location of the liquid-solid-vapor interface due to a camera's finite pixel resolution, thereby necessitating the development and application of subpixel algorithms. We demonstrate here the advantage of a pendant bubble in decreasing the resulting error prior to the application of additional algorithms.

Breast and prostate cancer: more similar than different.

Breast cancer and prostate cancer are the two most common invasive cancers in women and men, respectively. Although these cancers arise in organs that are different in terms of anatomy and physiological function both organs require gonadal steroids for their development, and tumours that arise from them are typically hormone-dependent and have remarkable underlying biological similarities. Many of the recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of breast and prostate cancers have paved the way for new treatment strategies.

Peripheral blood leukocyte counts in welcome swallow nestlings.

It is unclear whether developmental trends in total leukocyte (WBC) and differential lymphocyte (PropL) counts in peripheral blood of altricial birds typically mirror the known ontogenetic increase in immunocompetence. We documented the development of leukocyte and lymphocyte numbers in peripheral blood of wild, altricial Welcome Swallow (Hirundo neoxena) nestlings. Nestlings had a mass-overshoot-recession growth profile.

Uteroplacental inflammation results in blood brain barrier breakdown, increased activated caspase 3 and lipid peroxidation in the late gestation ovine fetal cerebellum.

Maternal infection is associated with perinatal brain damage, but effects on the cerebellum are not known in detail. In this study, we examined the effects of placental inflammation induced by administering lipopolysaccharide into the uterine artery of pregnant sheep at 134-136 days gestation. The fetal brain was collected 72 h later and compared to brains collected from age-matched untreated fetuses.