Food-Based Interventions as Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Important Steps in Diet Trial Design and Reporting of Outcomes.

Diet therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an international research priority but guidance for IBD-specific diet trial design is lacking. This review critically evaluates key elements of prospective IBD food-based intervention trials and identifies gaps. Electronic databases were searched for interventional IBD diet studies.

TIM-3 CD8 T cells with a terminally exhausted phenotype retain functional capacity in hematological malignancies.

Chronic antigen stimulation is thought to generate dysfunctional CD8 T cells. Here, we identify a CD8 T cell subset in the bone marrow tumor microenvironment that, despite an apparent terminally exhausted phenotype (T), expressed granzymes, perforin, and IFN-γ. Concurrent gene expression and DNA accessibility revealed that genes encoding these functional proteins correlated with expression and motif accessibility.

Exploring the cognitive profiles related to unimodal auditory versus multisensory hallucinations in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.

Introduction: Hallucinations can be experienced across multiple sensory modalities, but psychiatric studies investigating the cognitive mechanisms of hallucinations have been somewhat restricted to the auditory domain. This study explored the cognitive profiles of individuals experiencing multisensory hallucinations (MH) in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) and compared these to those experiencing unimodal auditory hallucinations (AH) or no hallucinations (NH).

Methods: Participants included SSD patients ( = 119) stratified by current hallucination status (NH, AH, MH) and nonclinical controls (NCs;  = 113).

Returning to the nest: Emerging adults living with parents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Changes in the working, study and social lives of emerging adults due to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to greater need for external supports. Many who lived independently may have sought that support by returning to live with parents. This study identifies factors associated with returns made between 2019 and 2020.

Fecal microbiota transplantation augmented by a sulfide-reducing diet for refractory ulcerative colitis: A case report with functional metagenomic analysis.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is effective for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (UC). Diet has potential to augment the efficacy and durability of FMT by encouraging engraftment of transplanted microorganisms. A trial of FMT combined with a defined diet was undertaken as salvage therapy for a 71-year-old woman with active steroid-refractory extensive UC.

Food avoidance, restrictive eating behaviour and association with quality of life in adults with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic scoping review.

Background: Dietary misconceptions and behaviours may worsen outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This scoping review aims to examine the dietary beliefs and behaviours of individuals with IBD and identify evidence of food avoidance, dietary restriction or disordered eating and any association with quality of life (QoL).

Methodology: A systematic search of CINAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE was conducted.

Food-related quality of life in adults with inflammatory bowel disease is associated with restrictive eating behaviour, disease activity and surgery: A prospective multicentre observational study.

Background: Measuring food-related quality of life (FRQoL) quantifies the psychosocial impact of eating and drinking. FRQoL and associated factors are not well explored in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), despite IBD being a chronic disease affecting the digestive tract. The present study aimed to characterise and identify any patient or disease-related predictors of FRQoL in individuals with IBD.

The Adequacy of Habitual Dietary Fiber Intake in Individuals With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.

Background: Dietary fiber may influence disease course in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet there is a paucity of understanding of habitual fiber intakes.

Objectives: To identify studies measuring fiber intakes of individuals with IBD, compare the adequacy of fiber intakes with that of control groups or respective national dietary guidelines, and examine factors associated with fiber consumption.

Methods: Five electronic databases-MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PROQUEST, and COCHRANE LIBRARY-were systematically searched, using search terms inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, dietary intake, and fiber, until December 2019, with hand searching of reference lists.

The mode of anesthesia influences outcome in mouse models of arterial thrombosis.

Background: Arterial thrombosis models are important for preclinical evaluation of antithrombotics but how anesthetic protocol can influence experimental results is not studied.

Objectives: We studied how three most commonly used rodent anesthetics affect the induction of thrombosis and thrombus resolution with antiplatelet agent integrilin (Eptifibatide).

Methods: The Folts, electrolytic, and FeCl models of carotid artery thrombosis were evaluated.

Impact of eplerenone on major cardiovascular outcomes in patients with systolic heart failure according to baseline heart rate.

Background: Increased resting heart rate is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) have been shown to improve cardiac sympathetic nerve activity, reduce heart rate and attenuate left ventricular remodelling. Whether or not the beneficial effects of MRA are affected by heart rate in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF) is unclear.

Evidence for the role of FMR1 gray zone alleles as a risk factor for parkinsonism in females.

Background and Objective There is convincing evidence that small CGG expansion (41-54 repeats): FMR1 "gray zone" alleles (GZ) contribute to the risk of parkinsonism in males, but there is insufficient corresponding data in females. This study intends to fill this gap. Methods We screened whole-blood-derived DNA from a cohort of 601 females diagnosed with idiopathic PD, and from dry Guthrie blood spots from a local sample of 1,005 female newborns (population controls), for the size of the FMR1 CGG repeat using a PCR technique.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Adult Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: To identify the normal baseline preoperative range of cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (SctO) derived using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and the efficacy of perioperative interventions designed to modulate SctO in cardiac surgical patients.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) extracted from the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases.

Setting: Hospitals performing cardiac surgery.

Cognitive Changes in the Spinocerebellar Ataxias Due to Expanded Polyglutamine Tracts: A Survey of the Literature.

The dominantly-inherited ataxias characterised by expanded polyglutamine tracts-spinocere bellar ataxias (SCAs) 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 17, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) and, in part, SCA 8-have all been shown to result in various degrees of cognitive impairment. We survey the literature on the cognitive consequences of each disorder, attempting correlation with their published neuropathological, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical features. We suggest several psychometric instruments for assessment of executive function, whose results are unlikely to be confounded by visual, articulatory or upper limb motor difficulties.

β-Catenin Inhibitor BC2059 Is Efficacious as Monotherapy or in Combination with Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib in Multiple Myeloma.

Currently available treatment options are unlikely to be curative for the majority of multiple myeloma patients, emphasizing a continuing role for the introduction of investigational agents that can overcome drug resistance. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, essential for self-renewal, growth, and survival, has been found to be dysregulated in multiple myeloma, particularly in advanced stages of disease. This provides the rationale for evaluating the novel β-catenin inhibitor BC2059 as monotherapy and in combination with proteasome inhibitors and Here, we show nuclear localization of β-catenin in human myeloma cell lines (HMCL), consistent with activation of the canonical Wnt pathway.

The Contribution of Prospective Memory Performance to the Neuropsychological Assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Objective: Prospective memory difficulties are a feature of the amnestic form of mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Although comprehensive test batteries of prospective memory are suitable for clinical practice, they are lengthy, which has detracted from their widespread clinical use. Our aim was to investigate the utility of a brief screening measure of prospective memory, which can be incorporated into a clinical neuropsychological assessment.

Traumatic brain injury opens blood-brain barrier to stealth liposomes via an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR)-like effect.

The opening of the tight junctions in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is hypothesized to be sufficient to enable accumulation of large drug carriers, such as stealth liposomes, in a similar manner to the extravasation seen in tumor tissue via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The controlled cortical impact model of TBI was used to evaluate liposome accumulation in mice. Dual-radiolabeled PEGylated liposomes were administered either immediately after induction of TBI or at increasing times post-TBI to mimic the likely clinical scenario.

A prospective cohort study of antipsychotic medications in pregnancy: the first 147 pregnancies and 100 one year old babies.

Background: Many women diagnosed with varying psychiatric disorders take antipsychotic medications during pregnancy. The safety of antipsychotic medications in pregnancy is largely unknown.

Methods: We established the National Register of Antipsychotic Medications in Pregnancy in 2005.

Influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in COMT, MAO-A and BDNF genes on dyskinesias and levodopa use in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Clinical heterogeneity in the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) suggests endogenous factors play a significant role in determining their overall prevalence.

Objective: We hypothesised that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in specific genes may result in a clinical phenotype conducive to an increased risk of LID.

Methods: We examined the influence of SNPs in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genes on LID in a cohort of 285 pathologically confirmed Parkinson's disease patients, using data from their complete disease course.

Renal sympathetic nerve ablation for treatment-resistant hypertension.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for increased cardiovascular events with accelerated sympathetic nerve activity implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of disease. Blood pressure is not adequately controlled in many patients, despite the availability of effective pharmacotherapy. Novel procedure- as well as device-based strategies, such as percutaneous renal sympathetic nerve denervation, have been developed to improve blood pressure in these refractory patients.